Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem de análise quantitativa, cujo objetivo foi estudar a ocorrência de acidentes com material biológico potencialmente contaminado e os fatores de risco envolvidos entre os alunos do Curso de Odontologia do interior do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, aplicou-se um questionário contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas. Este instrumento foi aplicado aos alunos após a observação dos aspectos ético-legais. Participaram do estudo 172 alunos da 3ª, 4ª e 5ª série do curso. Destes, 122 (70,9%) alegaram ter sofrido exposição acidental com material potencialmente contaminado. A maioria dos alunos que sofreram exposição acidental é do sexo feminino (61,0%) e estão cursando a 5ª série do curso, a idade predominante ficou entre 20 e 26 anos (86,1%). O número de acidentes mencionados pelos 122 alunos totalizou 448. Quanto ao tipo de exposição, a de pele íntegra foi a mais freqüente, seguida da exposição em mucosa e em 3º o acidente percutâneo perfazendo uma média total de 2,6 acidentes por aluno sendo a média de 0,23 para acidentes percutâneos. As topografias mais afetadas nestas exposições foram os olhos, mãos e dedos, enquanto que as brocas e agulha de anestesia foram citadas como os principais objetos causadores destes acidentes. A situação de ocorrência mais encontrada foi o ato de se utilizar normalmente um instrumental e o momento de realizar a limpeza dos instrumentais. Foi nas disciplinas de Clínica Integrada, Periodontia e Dentística que ocorreram a maioria das exposições. Quanto à severidade, 41,8% das exposições foram consideradas superficiais e 22,1% como moderadas. Apenas 10,7% dos alunos que sofreram exposição procuraram atendimento para avaliação e conduta em relação à exposição, 88,6% dos sujeitos receberam as três doses da vacina contra hepatite B. Observou-se ainda que nem sempre os alunos faziam uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual, sendo que o uso dos óculos de proteção e a utilização de luvas de borracha grossa para realizar a limpeza dos materiais foram os mais negligenciados. Este estudo permitiu concluir que o risco de exposição a material biológico é iminente para esta categoria e que é necessário estabelecer estratégias de intervenção urgentes tanto em nível institucional quanto acadêmico a fim de reduzir estes riscos. / This is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative analysis approach, which objective was to study the occurrence of accidents with potentially biologically contaminated material and the risk factors involving the students from the Course of Odontology in the interior of the State of Paraná, Brazil. For the data collection, a questionnaire was applied containing open and closed questions. This instrument was applied to the students after the observation of the ethical-legal aspects. One hundred and seventy two students from the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of the course participated in the study. From these students, 122 (70.9%) alleged to have suffered accidental exposition with potentially contaminated material. Most of the students that suffered accidental exposition were female (61.0%) and they were at the 5th year of the course, the predominant age was between 20 and 26 years old (86.1%). The number of accidents mentioned by the 122 students summed 448. The most frequent kind of accident occurrences was the intact skin, followed by the exposition of mucous membrane and the percutaneous accident which made a total average of 2.6 accidents for each student and the average of 0.23 for percutaneous accidents alone. The most affected areas in these expositions were the eyes, hands and fingers, and the drills and the anesthesia needles were mentioned as the main objects that causes these accidents. The most found occurrence situation was the common action of using an instrument and at the moment of cleaning them. It was in the courses of Integrated Clinic, Periodontics and Dentistics that happened most of the expositions. As for the severity of the cases, 41.8% of the expositions were considered superficial and 22.1% were moderate. Only 10.7% of the students exposed to some kind of injury, sought for a service of checking and possible treatment; 88.6% of the persons received the three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. It was observed though, that students didn’t usually make use of the Equipments of Individual Protection. The use of the protection glasses and gloves, made of thick rubber at the time of cleaning the materials were the most neglectful. This study allowed us to conclude that the exposition risk to biological material is imminent for this work category and that it is necessary to establish urgent intervention strategies on an institutional or academic level in order to reduce these risks.

A aplicação de agrotóxicos na produção agrícola se relaciona com várias áreas do conhecimento, com destaque para a saúde pública, devido aos riscos envolvidos. No Brasil o uso indiscriminado, faz com que o país lidere, desde o ano de 2008, o consumo dessa classe de produtos. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi estimar a ingestão crônica de agrotóxicos pela população brasileira por meio da dieta, destacando as substâncias com maior consumo e suas implicações toxicológicas. Para este fim foram utilizados os alimentos registrados no bloco de consumo alimentar da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009, conduzida pelo IBGE, e a exposição foi estimada pelo cálculo de Ingestão Diária Máxima Teórica (IDMT). A caracterização do risco foi realizada pela comparação da IDMT com os valores da Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA), estipuladas em mg/kg peso corporal/dia sendo aplicado o peso individual dos integrantes da amostra (n=33.613) da POF (bloco de consumo alimentar). Foram elaboradas analises discriminando a população brasileira, de acordo com as grandes regiões e situação domiciliar (urbana ou rural). Dos 283 agrotóxicos considerados para a pesquisa, 68 compostos excederam ao valor da IDA. O composto brometo de metila ocupou a primeira posição como composto com maior consumo estimado para a população brasileira. Este agrotóxico é classificado como extremamente tóxico, e seu uso está em descontinuação global por causar danos à camada de ozônio, além dos riscos à saúde de trabalhadores rurais e moradores de regiões próximas às áreas de produção agrícola. Quando estudadas as grandes regiões do país, as regiões Norte (59 agrotóxicos), Nordeste (62 agrotóxicos) e Sul (48 agrotóxicos) apresentaram um menor numero de agrotóxicos extrapolando aos valores da IDA, em comparação com o total identificado para a população brasileira (n= 68). Já as regiões sudeste e centro-oeste apresentaram número superior de compostos que extrapolaram ao valor da IDA, sendo um total de 69 compostos para ambas as regiões. Também foi estudada a exposição nos setores urbano e rural, sendo constatado que 67 compostos excederam ao valor da IDA em ambas as situações domiciliares. Para a área rural os riscos envolvidos se relacionam com a aplicação destes produtos, configurando risco de intoxicação aguda. É importante considerar que a caracterização do risco crônico será mais próxima da realidade quanto melhor os dados refletirem as condições do alimento no momento do consumo. Com isso, é recomendável a realização de estudos sobre a exposição aos agrotóxicos para a população brasileira, principalmente quanto às implicações toxicológicas, e considerando os grupos mais vulneráveis. / The application of pesticides in agricultural production is related to several areas of knowledge, with emphasis on public health, due to the risks involved. In Brazil, the indiscriminate use has led the country to lead, since 2008, the consumption of this class of products. The general objective of the study was to estimate the chronic intake of pesticides by the Brazilian population through diet, highlighting the substances with the highest consumption and their toxicological implications. For this purpose, the foods registered in the food consumption block of the Family Budget Survey 2008-2009, conducted by IBGE, were used and the exposure was estimated by the calculation of Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (IDMT). The risk characterization was performed by comparing the IDMT with the values of Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), stipulated in mg / kg body weight / day, and the individual weight of the sample members (n = 33,613) of POF to feed. Analyzes were carried out discriminating the Brazilian population, according to the major regions and domiciliary situation (urban or rural). Of the 283 pesticides considered for the research, 68 compounds exceeded the ADI value. The methyl bromide compound occupied the first position as the compound with the highest consumption estimated for the Brazilian population. This pesticide is classified as extremely toxic, and its use is in global discontinuation for causing damage to the ozone layer, in addition to the health risks of rural workers and residents of regions near the agricultural production areas. When the major regions of the country were studied, the North (59 pesticides), Northeastern (62 pesticides) and South (48 agrochemicals) regions presented a lower number of agrochemicals than those identified for the Brazilian population (N = 68). On the other hand, the southeastern and central-western regions presented a higher number of compounds that extrapolated to the value of the ADI, being a total of 69 compounds for both regions. Exposure in the urban and rural sectors was also studied, and it was found that 67 compounds exceeded the ADI value in both domiciliary situations. For the rural area the risks involved are related to the application of these products, posing the risk of acute intoxication. It is important to consider that the characterization of chronic risk will be closer to reality the better the data reflect the conditions of the food at the time of consumption. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out studies on exposure to pesticides for the Brazilian population, mainly regarding the toxicological implications, and considering the most vulnerable groups.

Cette thèse de sociologie est consacrée aux transformations de la prévention des risques professionnels au sein de la Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français (SNCF) de 1991 à 2012. La méthodologie de l’enquête croise un travail ethnographique de longue durée (CIFRE 2008- 2010) avec des recherches historiques et l’exploitation de plus de 130 entretiens. Ce travail permet de retracer l’histoire de la prévention et des préventeurs d’entreprise à la SNCF depuis le lancement de la première politique nationale de sécurité du personnel (PNSP) jusqu’à la nomination du « salarié compétent » en matière de santé et de sécurité au travail (SST) en juillet 2012. Par ce biais, la thèse montre comment les formes de la « managérialisation » de la SST recombinent le contenu et le sens de la prévention. Le concept de « managérialisation » renvoie aux étapes d’un processprocessus qui, partant des marges de manoeuvre laissées par la loi, vise l’atteinte des objectifs du management. La « managérialisation » de la prévention des risques professionnels est permise par les opportunités liées à la singularité de cet objet et aux ambigüités des principes généraux de prévention ainsi que par les bouleversements de la division du travail dans le secteur de la SST. En étudiant l’évolution du travail des préventeurs d’entreprise, des similitudes et des constantes ont fait apparaître une classification des tâches répondant à trois types de risques. Le glissement de la prévention des risques professionnels vers la prévention des risques de nature bureaucratique (non-conformité) et sociale (grève) nous renseigne sur les mutations de la prévention comme sur celles de l’entreprise ferroviaire à l’aube de la libéralisation du rail. / This thesis deals with the transformations that the prevention of occupational risks underwent in the french national railway company (SNCF) from 1991 to 2012. The research methodology intertwines a long term ethnographical observation (within the framework of a private contract from 2008 to 2010) with a historical research, as well as the analysis of more than 130 interviews. This work allows us to retrace the history of prevention and of the actors of prevention in the company ever since the launching of the first staff safety national policy and until the nomination of the « competent worker » in occupational health and safety (OHS), in july 2012. Through this specific angle, the thesis shows how the « managerialization » of OHS reframes both the content and the meaning of prevention. The concept of « managerialization » refers to the various phasesof a process that benefits from the lack of clarity of the prevention legislation to aim at reaching management goals. The ocupational risks « managerialization » feeds from the opportunities created by the ambiguity of its general principles and by the recent upheaval in the division of labour in the OHS field. Analysing the evolution of the work of the company prevention workers, similarities and constants reveal a task classification that responds to three different types of risks. The shift from occupational health risks prevention to the prevention of risks of a bureaucratic (non-compliance) and social nature (strikes) reflects the evolution of the prevention sector as part of the global evolution of the company, at the edge of railway liberalization.

The thesis deals with the topic of how the Czech Internet media frame the current pandemic situation, for which the two most read news sites Novinky.cz and Seznam Zprávy were selected. The reporting periods are March 2020, when the first anti-epidemic measures came into force in the territory, and March 2021, one year from the beginning of the spread of the disease in the Czech territory, when the measures still persist. The approach to framing is based primarily on the work of Robert Entman, who sees framing as the selection and emphasis of certain attributes for the purpose of a specific concept of the text. This thesis focuses mainly on the dominant frameworks by which media messages frame specific news texts. The current pandemic situation affects every individual and affected almost all aspects of ordinary human life. I would like to contribute to the currently emerging work focusing on media coverage of the current pandemic situation. Klíčová slova pandemic, media, media image, framing, construction of reality, coronavirus

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This diploma thesis focuses on possible risks of developer projects. In the first part is made a literary research on the developer project and its phases. The second part summarizes the issue of project funding and describes the subjects involved in it. It also deals with the bank's approach to project funding and project insurance. In further part are shown the risks that can be encountered in developer projects. The last part deals with the analysis of the real estate market in Brno, with attention being paid to the construction of developer projects of family houses in this town. The practical part focuses on the analysis of potential risks of specific developer projects implemented in Brno at present as well as the comparison of projects.

The diploma thesis deals with the exposure of nanoparticles in means of transport. The diploma thesis provides an overview of the current state of exposure to nanoparticles in vehicles that people use every day travelling to work. Moreover, the work describes the health risks that can be caused by these particles and have an adverse effect on human health. The work processed data (particle number concentration, particle size and LDSA) which monitored the exposure of nanoparticles in the tram of public transport in the city of Brno and the extent of pollution by nanoparticles at stops.

The focus of this study is to gain a better understanding of the hazards affecting the transportation of avocados from farm to packhouse by developing an effective risk assessment tool farmers can use. The transport related factors considered in this study encompass all hazards which may affect the avocado, from the point the fruit is picked to the point the avocado is packed at the packhouse. The study has been undertaken in five stages, namely:  A literature study split into four main stages, including an investigation into avocado specific hazards, transportation related hazards, market influencers and investigating analysis tools.  Data collection (including environmental indicators, accelerations and GPS measurements) stemming from field tests conducted with a smart avocado device (smAvo);  Data analysis of the smAvos, including assessing the kinetic energy the avocado experiences;  Risk analysis and Bayesian Network Development including those hazards identified in the literature study as well as from the smAvo, and  Bayesian Network analysis, using Delphi Fuzzy methodology and smAvo data to determine the influence of the combination of risk factors identified. The risk assessment tool was developed through the use of Bayesian Networks. This tool eliminates the guesswork of what causes the largest reduction in shelf life/waste and therefore profit. The Network considers the joint probability of these hazards, and posterior probabilities of any subset of variables when evidence is introduced. The Bayesian Network is analysed and optimised by means of finding factors that will cause the greatest improvement of shelf life and decreased damage. A converse analysis is done by determining the effect of, for example poor road conditions or truck type. The result of this analysis provides the farmer with a decision-making tool which will optimise processes, increase profits (by reducing waste) and eliminate any guesswork. The Network can be used by the farmer and updated as new evidence is discovered. The analysis concludes with the most damaging areas within the network is at harvest, followed by truck transportation effects, packhouse conditions and lastly farm transportation effects. In order to optimise the network, emphasis is put on the plant condition, followed by any delay in transportation and the picking technique used during harvest. A “what-if” analysis was done which concluded poor road conditions can increase overall damage by 0.44 per cent, whereas poor harvest conditions can increase this to 12.57 per cent. / Dissertation (MEng (Transportation Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Civil Engineering / MEng (Transportation Engineering) / Unrestricted

South-Africa’s government has adopted several global, national, and regional developmental agendas to combat systemic inequalities in the country. The developmental agendas should consider the role of children’s agency in reducing poverty and environmental risks. South Africa ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child (UNCRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and the Welfare of the Child (ARCWC) and is therefore bound through international treaties to protect and promote children’s rights (Hall, Richter, Mokomane & Lake, 2018:48). The goal of the study was to explore and describe how children’s agency is recognised and respected in programmes/interventions aimed at reducing poverty and environmental risk in the case study of Lerato House, Tshwane Leadership Foundation. The researcher used a qualitative research approach, and the type of research was applied. The research design was a case study, and a purposive sampling method was used to sample five child participants and five key informants from Lerato House. Data was collected through one-on-one semi-structured interviews. The findings show that children’s agency is recognised and respected in the planning and implementation phases of the programme, while there is a lack of children’s participation in the conceptualisation phase and little participation in the monitoring and evaluation phase. The study concludes that children’s agency was more likely to be recognised and respected when staff have been trained to work with children and when children were allowed to provide their input into programmes. The study recommends that children’s agency be recognised and developed by preparing and allowing them to participate in all the phases of programmes at Lerato House aimed at reducing poverty and environmental risks. / Mini Dissertation (MSW (Social Development and Policy))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW (Social Dev and Policy) / Unrestricted

The thesis focuses on project of highway tunnel Rojkov in northern Slovakia. It analyses opportunities of company Uranpres to take part in construction. It proposes technical and organizational actions using project management methods. The outcome is a feasibility study consisting of partial plans for administration and course of a project.