La thèse part d'une interrogation sur la mesure dans laquelle l'État mexicain s'est doté des moyens de réponse vis à vis les défis en matière de prévention des risques majeurs. Si le pays est plutôt bien préparé pour affronter l'urgence et qu'on arrive à reconstruire les infrastructures endommagées lors des événements catastrophiques grâce aux moyens financiers mis à disposition, force est de reconnaître que les catastrophes naturelles comme technologiques se produisent à répétition et qu'on n'arrive pas à aménager le territoire de sorte que les dangers existants ne deviennent pas des catastrophes, notamment en milieu urbain.Le cas d'étude, la ville de Minatitlán, dévoile les enjeux et carences de l'intervention de l'État en matière de prévention de risques. À Minatitlán, la nature est sévère et produit des inondations à répétition, mais l'humain a eu sa part de responsabilité au moment de choisir une localisation difficile pour l'implantation d'un peuplement. Plus tard, les conditions de l'urbanisation et production de l'habitat se sont peu souciées de réduire les dangers. L'implantation de l'industrie pétrolière dans la région n'a fait qu'accroître la pression urbaine et rendu plus difficile le contrôle de l'urbanisation spontanée et la sécurisation des logements. Apparaît ainsi une situation de risque qui concerne plusieurs milliers d'habitants et dont l'issue n'est pas claire vu les carences de l'action publique en matière d'aménagement urbain et prévention des risques majeurs.Le questionnement ultime de cette recherche se trouve dans les conditions de mise en opération de la politique de prévention de risques majeurs au Mexique, à savoir, les enjeux locaux, géographiques, socio-économiques, institutionnels et socio-culturels, qui vont conditionner son efficacité. Le cadre conceptuel choisi pour structurer cette thèse repose sur une compréhension des milieux urbains et leur vulnérabilité, dans leur multi-dimensionnalité.La thèse se structure en trois parties. La première pose les bases de l'étude dans le but de comprendre comment il fallait approcher le cas d'étude. La seconde partie de la thèse fait deux analyses qui reposent sur des documents et données assez facilement accessibles au Mexique. Une troisième et dernière partie porte sur les facteurs socio-culturels de vulnérabilité, et notamment sur la représentation sociale du risque et de la catastrophe, puisqu'elle a un impact direct sur les réactions individuelles et collectives face aux risques et aux sinistres.Le cas de Minatitlán confirme l'étroite relation entre le développement urbain et les dangers d'un site. La compréhension du risque comme opportunité et son lien indissociable avec l'histoire de la ville permet d'expliquer les traits de l'urbanisation à Minatitlán. La recherche constate que dans la configuration actuelle du paysage institutionnel et social autour de la problématique des risques, bien de groupes sociaux et institutionnels s'y accommodent de la situation actuelle, peu propice à un véritable accroissement de la résilience de la ville de Minatitlán face aux risques qui peuvent s'aggraver dans un contexte de réchauffement de la planète.La politique de protection civile privilégiée par le Mexique, guide une action publique pyramidale du haut vers le bas, où chaque échelon du gouvernement contribue à la gestion de la catastrophe selon ses moyens. Au bout de cette chaîne d'intervention se trouvent les sinistrés, chez qui on a estompé toute initiative de participation active à la prévention.Dans cet état de choses, il semble peu probable qu'un changement dans l'approche de l'action publique se produise dans le futur proche : le cadre institutionnel se consolide de plus en plus dans sa configuration actuelle, et les populations qui auraient intérêt à ce que les choses évoluent, n'articulent aucune demande dans ce sens / This dissertation explores the responses developed by the Mexican government for tackling the challenges presented by natural and man-made risks. The country counts indeed with a number of strategies for managing emergencies, and it performs quite well on reconstructing infrastructures and facilities on the aftermath of the numerous natural disasters that afflict its territory every year. This is possible thanks to the financial means available for reconstruction in the national annual budget. However, the recurrence of natural and man-made disasters, indicate a lack of planning policies and practices that could actually prevent that the existing risks become real disasters, specially in urban areas.The case of study is the city of Minatitlán. This city offers an example of how the disaster prevention policy lacks effectiveness on reducing major risks. In Minatitlán, nature is harsh and inflicts recurring floods in its territory, but human groups have certainly some responsibility in the repetition of disasters since they choose a location rather inadequate for urbanization, and implemented low-resilient development patterns. When oil industry established in the area, it reinforced the characteristics of urbanization (illegal settlements) and contributed to weaken the resistance of the settlement to disasters.At the heart of this study lays an interrogation about the operational conditions of a national disaster prevention policy in Mexico, given the local conditions that intervene in its effectiveness: geographical, socio-economical, institutional and socio-cultural frames. Therefore, the study focuses on a global comprehension of urban systems and how different elements relate to produce a specific condition of vulnerability, taking into account the multi-dimensionality of the concept.The study is presented in three parts. The first one explores the theoretical framework of the following analysis. In the second part, a couple of analysis relied on the use of public information rather accessible in Mexico. The data and texts were used with a laying interrogation about the indications they could give about the risk situations in Mexican urban settlements. Finally, the third part of the dissertation focuses on exploring the socio-cultural factors of vulnerability, namely the social representation of risk, under the premise that it has a major impact on individual and social behavior in risk (and disasters) situations.The case of Minatitlán confirms the tight links among risks and urban development. In this city, the risk has historically represented an opportunity for development. The institutional framework for risk prevention emerges well after the city was a consolidated urban settlement, but it has not been able to offer substantial changes and one can conclude that the current situation arranges a number of groups that do not see any incentive for improving the prevention strategies or enforcing planning measures. Then, a transition towards more resilient scenarios, specially in a context of climate change, is not foreseeable in the coming years.Moreover, the civil protection policy in Mexico favors a top-down public intervention in disaster periods, where each government level intervenes up to their financial and physical powers. At the lowest end of this chain, are local populations, the victims of disasters, are not encouraged to participate or become actual actors of local prevention.This being the current state of affairs in Minatitlán, the public action as well as the social representation of risks and disasters, are both contributing to maintaining a situation where prevention is not the main goal of the disaster policy

Political-Military Risks for Tourism in the Middle East Abstract The master's thesis analyses the perception of political-military risks for incoming tourism in the Middle East from the perspective of Czech potential tourists. The examined area of the Middle East bears some geographic and geopolitical ideas, that are still absent in the Czech scientific milieu. Tourism in the Middle East also operates in the environment of political-military risks. Scholarly literature suggests that these risks represent one of the main factors influencing the choice of destination. The paper deepens understanding of this relationship by focusing on the perception of political-military risks in space, in terms of their typological diversity, and analyses determinants of this perception. The main research tool, a questionnaire, served to collect data that was analysed through descriptive statistics and statistical inference, as a paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis. The findings are mostly in consensus with theoretical knowledge and previous studies. Individual types of political- military risks showed different impact on the perception for realization of tourism. A statistically significant difference exists between violent and non-violent political-military risks. In some cases, however,...

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the risks associated with secure living made available by the company Senior Sen, s.r.o., which provides social services and offers solutions for people's unfavorable social situations. In the theoretical part the problematic areas, threats and risks will be examined, with a focus on security risks. In the practical part the risks will be analyzed, evaluated and ways to reduce them will be suggested.

This master thesis focuses on the HR Policies of the Company, such as the recruitment of new employees and take care of present employees. The starting point of these procedures can be found in the theoretical part. The analytical part deals with the current state of the company's procedures which are targeted at high-risk fields. Recommendations concerning the progress of changes targeted at mitigation of risk are made in the last part of this thesis.

Bitcoin är en global kryptovaluta som har ökat kraftigt i värde och därmed fått en allt större betydelse på marknaden. Då valutan är relativt ny och inte har ett centraliserat styre uppstår olika typer av risker som exempelvis företags förtroende för ett nytt ekonomiskt system, politiska regleringar samt en högre volatilitet i jämförelse med fiatvalutorna. Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera hur svenska företag som handlar med kryptovalutan Bitcoin identifierar och hanterar de risker som uppstår i samband med att de handlar med valutan. Svenska företag som handlar med Bitcoin måste identifiera de risker som de utsätts för vid handeln. De identifierade riskerna behöver sedan hanteras av respektive bolag och detta kan göras genom att följa de tre stegen som utgör effektiv riskhantering. För att kunna uppfylla syftet har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra svenska företag som handlar med Bitcoin. Vi har sedan använt en tematisk analys för att analysera den data som har samlats in. Studien visade att de risker som respondenterna har identifierat går i linje med studiens teoretiska referensram samt att de svenska företag som ingick i studien inte använder någon slags riskhanteringsmodell. Trots detta fanns det likheter med respondenternas resonemang och den effektiva riskhanteringen även om de uppger att de inte har inkorporerat någon riskhanteringsmodell i sin organisation / Bitcoin is a global cryptocurrency which has grown in market value and therefore increased its importance in the market. Because the currency is relatively new and decentralized, risks like companies trust in a foreign system, political risks and increasing volatility are higher in comparison with fiat currencies. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how the Swedish companies that trade with Bitcoin identify and manage the risk that occurs in connection with trading of the currency. Swedish companies that trade with Bitcoin need to identify the risks which they are exposed to. The identified risks needs to be managed by the respective companies which can be done through the three steps that constitutes effective risk management. To answer the purpose of the study, we conducted semi structured interviews with four Swedish companies that trade with Bitcoin. We have then analyzed the data with a thematic analysis. The study shows that the risks that the responders have identified is in line with the study's theoretical framework and that the Swedish companies that participated are not using a risk management model. Despite this, there were some similarities with the responders reasoning and effective risk management even if they stated that they have not incorporated the model in their organization.

Addressing good governance in management system of occupational risks, the authorities cannot, without setting adequate goals and objectives, establishment of criteria for assessment of achieved results and the management of forces and resources needed to solve these problems. In the field of public administration and economy, these issues were extremely important, due to the relative abstractness and remoteness of the final result, and permanent role of the state, as a hired Manager, who has the means taken from the population. In this case the role of the individual institutions involved in the control of the system of management of professional risks. So the activities of the Federal service in the sphere of consumer rights protection and human welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), which receiver system of sanitary-epidemiological surveillance of the USSR, in this direction, in the context of the ongoing administrative reform, can be used as an object of study the economic aspects of the efficiency of decisions and the choice of further course of action in creating a new paradigm of a national system of occupational risk management. / Решение вопросов эффективного управления в системе менеджмента профессиональными рисками органами власти невозможно, без постановки адекватных целей и задач, создания критериев оценки достигнутых результатов и управления силами и средствами, необходимыми для решения данных задач. В сфере государственного управления и экономики эти вопросы крайне важны, в силу относительной абстрактности и отдаленности конечного результата, и перманентной роли государства, как наёмного управленца, средствами, взятыми у населения. При этом большое значение имеет роль отдельных институтов, на практике осуществляющих контроль за системой управления профессиональными рисками. Так деятельность Федеральной службы в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека (Роспотребнадзор), являющейся приемником системы санитарно-эпидемиологического надзора СССР, в данном направлении, в условиях продолжающейся административной реформы, может использоваться, как объект изучения экономических аспектов эффективности принимаемых решений и выбора дальнейшего направления действий в формировании новой парадигмы национальной системы управления профессиональными рисками.

The major Swedish banks have been affected by digitalization in the financial sector, where FinTech has contributed with new technological opportunities. The banks that partner with FinTech companies can develop effective and innovative solutions for both companies and individuals. However, the banks' cooperation with FinTech companies has resulted in various risks, mainly cyber and operational risks. The actors investigated were Handelsbanken, SEB and Swedbank. The purpose of the study is to analyze and investigate the relationship between banks and FinTech companies. With a focus on cooperation and competition as well as whether there are any potential risks that may arise in the relationships.  In order to answer the purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with representatives from the banks as primary data collection. Secondary data have also been used, such as banks' annual reports and scientific articles. The theoretical frame of reference is important in relation to the research questions and the chosen theory of cooperation and competition is crucial for the purpose of the study. The results showed that all banks saw collaborations with Fintech companies as an opportunity to streamline their systems and develop services beyond their own capacity. However, these collaborations were different, where Handelsbanken avoided external collaborations unlike SEB and Swedbank. Finally, the study concluded that all banks experienced increased exposure to risks because of the emergence of FinTech.

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L’élaboration des Plans de Prévention des Risques Littoraux (PPRL) « prioritaires », définis suite à la tempête Xynthia de 2010, a provoqué des débats, souvent conflictuels, entre l’Etat et les collectivités territoriales au sujet des cartes d’aléas submersion marine ou recul du trait de côte. Cette recherche doctorale s’attache à la compréhension du processus de construction de ces cartes. Elle analyse les facteurs influençant cette cartographie à partir de ce que représentent les cartes d’aléas pour chaque acteur. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en évidence que les études d’aléas sont peu issues des connaissances territoriales et abordées sous un angle expert complexe. Les acteurs locaux s’approprient ainsi difficilement les nouvelles connaissances sur les aléas littoraux. La forte présence des aspects techniques et la mécanique d’élaboration du zonage réglementaire conduisent à une cristallisation des débats des PPRL sur la cartographie des aléas. Ces débats cachent aussi souvent des conceptions distinctes de la politique de prévention et des intérêts divergents entre acteurs agissant à échelles spatiales et temporelles différentes. L’ouverture restreinte des discussions par l’Etat lors de la cartographie des aléas de référence et de l’élaboration du zonage conduit à une faible territorialisation des PPRL et rend difficile leur intégration au sein des politiques locales de prévention des risques littoraux et d’aménagement du territoire. Cette thèse révèle ainsi l’importance cruciale de la concertation et d’une entrée par le territoire, pour mettre en place une appropriation active des connaissances sur les aléas et favoriser l’intégration du PPRL au sein de l’action publique territoriale. / The development of Coastal risks prevention plans, identified as priorities after Xynthia storm in 2010, has revealed divisive debates, between the state services and territorial authorities, about coastal flooding or coastline recession mapping. This PhD research deals with the understanding of coastal hazards mapping. It analyses the factors which influence this process based on what do the maps represent for each stakeholder.The research results highlight that hazards studies sparsely come from territorial knowledge and are often approached from a complex expert angle. Thus, new knowledge is hardly managed by local stakeholders. Significant debates about technical aspects and the process of regulatory zoning conception lead to the fact that hazards mapping crystallizes the PPRL debates. Actually, these debates often hide different conceptions of prevention policy and opposing interests of stakeholders acting at different spatial and temporal scales. The few opened discussions purposed by state services during reference hazards mapping and zoning conception lead to a low territorialization of the PPRL and make their integration in local policies of coastal risks prevention and of land use planning difficult.Thus, this PhD highlights the crucial role of dialogue and of an input by the territory, in order to start an active appropriation of hazards knowledge and to enable the PPRL integration within the territorial public policy.

O grande diferencial da contabilidade enquanto ciência do controle financeiro são as técnicas que garantem a integridade das informações apresentadas, basicamente através da identidade débito/crédito. O que se faz nesta tese é mostrar como uma nova forma de registro dos derivativos, respeitando-se os princípios contábeis, é capaz de propiciar uma estimativa mais clara e precisa dos riscos financeiros envolvidos nas posições de balanço. É feita uma Decomposição Contábil das transações com derivativos, abrindo-se cada operação em ativo e passivo, com a diferença de ambos sendo o resultado a valor justo do mesmo. Posteriormente, uma nova Decomposição de Riscos abre ativo e passivo em seus fatores primitivos de risco, evidenciando a exposição a riscos por tipo de fator. Finalmente uma reagregação global de todas as decomposições realizadas por fatores de risco gera a DRF-Demonstração de Riscos Financeiros, que evidencia de forma sintética toda exposição a riscos envolvida nas transações carregadas no balanço patrimonial. É mostrado como a DRF evidencia de forma mais clara a eficácia de hedges carregados no balanço, para fins gerenciais internos e para fins do usuário externo. Também ficam evidentes os montantes de exposição em cada fator de risco de mercado. A grande vantagem deste procedimento é que são obtidas as exposições a risco nos derivativos de forma automaticamente conciliada com os registros contábeis. / The great advantage of accounting as a science of financial control are the techniques that guarantee the integrity of the information presented, primarily through the identity debit / credit. This thesis shows a new form to recognize and record derivatives while preserving accounting principles and providing a much more clear and precise estimate of the financial risks involved in the balance sheet items. An Accounting Decomposition is made over derivative transactions by spreading up each one of them into an asset and a liability; the difference being the fair value result of the transaction. Subsequently, a new Risks Decomposition opens up assets and liabilities in their primitive risk factors, highlighting the risk exposures by each type. Finally, a global reaggregation of all decompositions performed by risk factors generates the SFR-Statement of Financial Risks, showing synthetically the exposures to all risks involved in the transactions carried in the balance sheet. It is presented how the SFR shows effectiveness of hedges applied on the balance sheet more clearly, either, for internal management and for external user purposes. Also, it turns evident the amount of exposure to each market risk factor. The greatest advantage of this procedure is to obtain the risk exposures of derivatives automatically and straightly reconciled with accounting records.