Dentro da área de Negócios Internacionais, uma nova tendência surgiu no início da década de 2000, em complemento ao movimento de outsourcing que já se observava há décadas. Este movimento denominado offshoring passou a ocupar importante espaço na mídia e também em periódicos especializados, onde se procurou entender, caracterizar e delimitar sua abrangência, causas e conseqüências. Este trabalho procura contribuir neste tema através de um survey realizado junto a 172 subsidiárias de multinacionais instaladas no Brasil dos mais variados setores da economia. Com base nisso, quatro conjuntos de hipóteses foram elaborados para serem testados através das respostas obtidas com a aplicação de um questionário via Internet e que possibilitaram a verificação estatística para cada hipótese formulada. O primeiro conjunto foi referente aos tipos de atividades (estratégicas ou não-estratégicas) que a subsidiária desenvolve no país. O segundo conjunto está relacionado à terceirização de atividades. Se a terceirização faz parte do modelo de negócios adotado e que tipo de serviços contrata junto a terceiros. O terceiro conjunto questiona a percepção com relação à competitividade obtida pela subsidiária segundo os drivers encontrados, as ferramentas para decisão disponíveis e eventuais parcerias realizadas. Finalmente o quarto conjunto avalia a percepção dos respondentes com relação ao risco de perda ou inibição interna de competências. De forma geral, os testes realizados mostraram que as empresas pesquisadas realizam grande quantidade de atividades estratégicas, mas que também terceirizam serviços estratégicos em complemento às suas operações e modelos de negócios. Também foi observado que a competitividade é melhorada através do outsourcing de serviços, mas que também existe o receio de risco de perda ou inibição de competências, apesar de utilizarem ferramentas ou conceitos conhecidos como cadeia de valor, custo de transação, visão baseada em recursos e competências essenciais. / Within the area of international business, a new trend emerged in the early 2000s, in addition to the movement of outsourcing that has already been watched for decades. This movement called offshoring went on to occupy important space in the media and also in specialist periodicals, which sought to understand, characterize and delimit its scope, causes and consequences. This work seeks to contribute in this theme through a survey conducted among 172 subsidiaries of multinationals in Brazil from different sectors of the economy. Basis, four sets of hypotheses to be tested were prepared through the answers obtained by applying a questionnaire via the Internet and that allowed the statistical verification for each assumption made. The first set was covering the types of activities (strategic or non-strategic) that the subsidiary develops in the country. The second set is related to the outsourcing of activities. If outsourcing is part of the business model adopted and what kind of services hires along to third parties. The third set questions the perception with respect to competitiveness obtained by subsidiary second drivers found, available tools for decision and possible partnerships undertaken. Finally the fourth set assesses the perception of the respondents with respect to the risk of loss or inhibition of internal competence. Generally, the tests showed that the companies surveyed develop large amount of strategic activities internally, but that also outsource strategic services in addition to its operations and business model. It was also noted that competitiveness is improved through outsourcing services, but also there is the fear of risk of loss or inhibition of skills, although using tools or concepts known as value chain, transaction cost economics, resource-based view and core competences.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar os riscos ocupacionais, os acidentes de trabalho e doenças que acometem motoristas de uma central de ambulância de Marília (São Paulo). Para o alcance do objetivo, utilizou-se como metodologia o estudo de caso, sendo a coleta de dados realizada por entrevista estruturada, com o auxílio de um formulário. Constituíram-se sujeitos do estudo 22 motoristas socorristas. Obteve-se a categorização dos dados direcionados pela literatura sobre riscos, acidentes de trabalho e doenças relatadas pelos motoristas socorristas. Todos os entrevistados eram do sexo masculino; 81,82% eram casados; 40,90% dos trabalhadores não concluíram o primeiro grau; 54,54% exerciam outra ocupação remunerada e 81,81% referiram ter o hábito de ingerir bebidas alcoólicas toda a semana em quantidades variadas. Os riscos encontrados foram os ergonômicos e suas subcategorias fisiológicas, psicológicas e organizacionais, riscos de acidentes, riscos biológicos e riscos físicos. Constatou-se que 13 (59,09%) dos motoristas relataram ter sofrido 19 acidentes de trabalho (AT). Dentre estes destacaram-se aqueles ocorridos em decorrência do excesso de exercícios e movimentos vigorosos e repetitivos, agressão, impacto, quedas e penetração de corpo estranho no olho. Dos 19 AT, 15 (78,94%) referem-se a traumatismos, 10,53% a dorsalgias inespecíficas, 5,26% a fratura de ossos do metatarso e 5,26% à presença de corpo estranho no olho. Quatro motoristas referiram ter adoecido, sendo que dois apresentaram traumatismos não especificados do abdome, dorso e pelve; um relatou transtorno de disco intervertebral e outro, afecção ocular devida ao vírus do herpes. No contexto estudado, pôde-se observar que se trata de profissionais que estão expostos a outros riscos alheios a sua categoria, além daqueles próprios por executarem trabalho de atendimento aos pacientes, não específico daquele prescrito para a referida profissão. Estratégias foram propostas no sentido de minimizar os riscos ocupacionais, os acidentes de trabalho e as doenças encontradas entre estes trabalhadores. / The present study has the general goal of investigating the occupational risks, accidents and diseases which drivers of an ambulance center in Marilia (São Paulo) suffer from. To achieve the goal, it was used the study of case methodology, being the data collection done by structured interview, with the support of a form. Twenty-two professionally qualified first aid drivers took part of the study. It was obtained the categorization of the data directed by the literature about risks, occupation accidents and diseases related by professionally qualified first aid drivers. All drivers interviewed were male; 81.82% were married; 40.90% did not finish elementary school; 54.54% used to have another paid occupation and 81.81% said to have the habit of having alcoholic drinks all the week in various amount. The risks found were the ergonomics and their physiological, psychological e organizational subcategories, risks of accidents, biological risks and physical risks. It was found out that thirteen (59.09%) of the drivers said to have had nineteen occupation accidents (AT). Among them, it was emphasized the ones occurred because of the excess of physical exercises and tough and repetitive movements, aggression, impact, falling downs and penetration of strange body into the eye. From 19 AT, 15 (78.94%) were about traumatisms, 10.53% about non-specific backaches, 5.26% about bone breakage of metatarsus and 5.26% about presence of strange body in the eye. Four drivers said to have came down, being that two showed non-specific traumatisms of abdomen, dorsum and pelvis; one related problem of intervertebral disc and another, ocular affection due to herpes virus. In the context studied, it was showed that it’s about professionals who are exposed to other risks out of their category, beside the ones by attending the patients, not specific of the one prescribed to the referred occupation. Strategies were proposed to minimize the occupational risks, accidents and diseases found among these workers.

Every year, one out of three adults over the age of 65 falls, and about 30% of the falls result in moderate to severe injuries. The high rate of fall-related hospitalizations and the fact that falls are a major source of morbidity and mortality in older adults have motivated extensive interdisciplinary clinical and engineering research with a focus on fall prevention. This research is aimed at developing a medical Cyber Physical System (CPS) composed of a human supervised mobile robot and ambient intelligence sensors to provide continuous evaluation of environmental risks in the home. As a preventive measure to avoid falls, we propose use of mobile robots to detect possible fall risks inside a house. As a step-up to that, we also define a control framework for intelligent, networked mobile robots to semi-autonomously perform assistive and preventive tasks. This framework is integrated in a smart home that provides monitoring and control capabilities of environmental conditions such as objects blocking pathways or uneven surfaces. The main outcome of this work is the realization of this system at Worcester Polytechnic Institute's (WPI) @Home testbed.

This research investigates if the resettlement in the Upper Paunglaung dam affected men and women differently. The purpose is to identify gendered risks and show how the processes of the resettlement are different according to gender. To understand the results and analysis it includes a background chapter of women in Myanmar society. There are five aspects this research implies are crucial for a successful resettlement project which are information, compensation, economic impacts, social impacts and remedy. These five aspects are part of the process of being relocated. This allowed the research to explore each aspect in a descriptive manner and from a gendered perspective. It uses two reports from the case and a socio-economic survey with responses from 2013 and 2016. This allowed the research to see if there are patterns between the years. The findings show that women are excluded from information meetings regarding the resettlement, losing the female perspective when discussing compensation. Economic stress impacted the households differently depending on gender and social roles were jeopardized, creating stress and unease. Women face both labor work and domestic work while their husbands worked elsewhere and sent remittances. Remedy was not met with failure of delivering compensation packages. However, households found that the housing standards and religious buildings had improved. The research call attention to the exclusion of women in the resettlement projects and what risks they are more exploited to and why.

The safe extraction of shale gas resources has become a controversial issue in the energy sector and within energy law and policy circle. These issues have transcended to other areas of the society such as the environment, public health, and geopolitics. In fact, in environmental issue and regulation, it has become a norm in the minds of many that finding a model individual to do the right thing is a onerous task. One solution to this problem currently would be to realise the benefits energy resource extraction presents by devising the right regulatory strategies to improve the compliance level of those operating such risky activity to do the right thing. However, the strategic solutions to achieve the benefits are not that complex when compared with the strategic measures for achieving compliance to set regulatory standards for mitigating risks from energy extraction activity. This thesis argue for a complementary regulatory instrument mix (self-regulation and command & control regulatory strategies) to improve effective compliance for mitigating risks associated with energy extractive and consumption activities. One fundamental problem for this disparity is that the available regulatory strategies and approaches are fraught with diverse limitations that makes it unable to accommodate the dynamic of energy resource extraction. Also, industry and regulators of such activity's dependence on regulatory approaches has been centred on command and control regulation that inhibits the incentive for the operator to go beyond the set standards. Hence, the urgency to devise an effective framework to balance costs that comes with the quest to relaise the benefits from resource extraction activities and the need for the preservation of the environment and health. Though achieving full compliance is far-fetched but optimal compliance is achievable within the context of collective participation amongst all industry players. One pragmatic means of achieving these conflicting interests within the global energy sector is through alternatives or a combination of regulatory instrument mixes (self-regulation and command and control regulation). This thesis intends that these alternatives should serve as complements to the command and control regulation and not to replace them. Such alternatives to regulation which this thesis argue and formulate that can help mitigate especially water contamination risk which has an increased frequency of occurrence is what it calls: 'the risk/segment based strict liability rule.' In addition, 'self-regulation' as a complement to command and control environmental regulation. While self-regulation helps to address the problem of information asymmetry that regulation grapple with, the risk based strict liability rule helps to address risks that have a highly probable or increased frequency level of occurrence. By risk based strict liability rule being proposed in this thesis, it means a risk from an activity can be subject to a strict liability cause of action without necessarily subjecting the entire activity to stricter environmental laws. This is based on the legal rationale that where particular risks' has an increased frequency level of occurrence or the impacts could lead to transgenerational harm, it should be classified as abnormal. Therefore, should be subject to strict liability cause of action. Thus, the philosophy behind this thesis is to see how regulation can deal with particular risks under strict liability when they have an increased frequency to occur and not necessarily the entire activity. Thus, the significance of this thesis is that it resonates the ability of self-regulation and liability systems to direct the costs of the harms to those who create them. More so, these innovative policy options embedded in the properties of self-regulation and liability system will force operators to incur additional costs needed to forestall or control their actions that might result in externalities beyond the socially optimal level. Thus, environmental governance through self-regulatory and risk/segment liability rule systems as alternatives to command and control regulation will erode that complacency on the part of the creators of such possible negative impacts to act sustain-ably. These alternatives to command and control regulation are cogent in mitigating risks associated with shale gas as an energy source on two grounds. Based on the above problems, this thesis shall examine the critical question of whether stricter environmental liability and regulatory approaches is required to achieve a sustainable shale gas extraction. Also, what other features should be included in these environmental protectionist tools to achieve effectiveness in managing water contamination and dispersed risks associated with fracking activity. This thesis, argue for a stricter liability and regulatory approach as a complement to the limitations of command and control regulation with some added features to address dispersed harms associated with energy extraction activity especially the risk of water contamination.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-19T16:35:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Elson Luciano Weber.pdf: 785898 bytes, checksum: 924808f3477f2176b37d2c11fb1f608e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T16:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Elson Luciano Weber.pdf: 785898 bytes, checksum: 924808f3477f2176b37d2c11fb1f608e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-15 / Nenhuma / A transparência das informações nas Instituições Financeiras bancárias com operação no Brasil envolve a divulgação pública dessas referidas informações. Ela permite aos clientes a sua utilização para análise das condições da Instituição Financeira e o desempenho de suas atividades relacionadas ao gerenciamento. Neste contexto, este estudo analisou quais são as relações da transparência no gerenciamento de riscos nas maiores Instituições Bancárias com operação no Brasil, à luz dos processos de Tecnologia da Informação. Esta pesquisa é qualitativa e quantitativa, cuja coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de um estudo nos relatórios de gerenciamento de riscos disponibilizados nas páginas virtuais das 24 maiores Instituições Bancárias com operação no Brasil. Por meio da análise de conteúdo e lexical realizada nos relatórios conclui-se que a transparência das informações está muito significativamente relacionada com as regras do Acordo da Basileia e com a Divulgação de informações para o melhor gerenciamento dos riscos de crédito, de liquidez, de mercado e operacional. / The information’s disclosure on bank financial institutions with operations in Brazil involves public disclosure of these information. It allows customers to use it for analysis of Financial Institution conditions and the performance of its management-related activities. In this context, this study analyzed which are the relations of disclosure in the risks management in the biggest Banking Institutions with operations in Brazil, from the Information Technology processes. This research is qualitative and quantitative, the data collection was carried out through a study in risk management reports available in the virtual pages of the 24 biggest Banking Institutions with operations in Brazil. Through content and lexical analysis performed in the reports it appears that transparency of information is very significantly related to the Basel Agreement’s rules and with the Information’s Disclosure to a good credit’s management risks, liquidity, market and operational.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Simone Vieira.pdf: 1515330 bytes, checksum: 0f4572b81b72b64721fe22582b485a00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-24 / Offshoring has been the subject of studies and papers in academic journals in which tries to conceptualize, define its scope of work, characterize and evaluate its various advantages and risks associated with the movement of transfer services to a host country, it means, activities which are carried away from the home country. The objective of this research is to contribute to the topic by analyzing the intention in using of offshoring by companies in Brazil via a survey which is composed of five parts covering the strategic drivers that lead to offshoring, the main advantages and risks perceived by companies in this movement, the factors to be taken into account for the location of the host country and which is the eligible host country for this movement. Based on this, the assumptions regarding the intended use of offshoring were formulated to be tested thru the responses of the survey sent to companies via the Internet and each part of the questionnaire was composed as a construct which has been validated if it has a positive or negative effect over the intent of offshoring. The analysis shows that the influencing factors in the use of offshoring are: cost reduction driver which has a positive effect on the use of offshoring, loss of control and lack of data security that have a negative effect on use of offshoring and financial attractiveness of the location factor has a positive effect on use of offshoring, and a positive or negative effect on the host country depends on which country will be chosen to be the country to receive services from the country origin / O offshoring tem sido tema de estudos e trabalhos em periódicos acadêmicos nos quais se procura conceituar, delimitar seu escopo de atuação, caracterizar e estudar as suas diversas vantagens e riscos associados a esse movimento de transferência de serviços para um país anfitrião, ou seja, atividades que são realizadas distantes do país de origem. O objetivo desta pesquisa é contribuir com o tema através da análise do uso do offshoring pelas empresas no Brasil via um survey o qual é composto por cinco partes que abrangem os direcionadores que conduzem ao uso do offshoring, as principais vantagens e riscos percebidos pelas empresas neste movimento, os fatores a serem considerados para a localização do país anfitrião e qual é o país anfitrião elegível para este movimento. Com base nisso, as hipóteses quanto ao uso do offshoring foram formuladas para serem testadas por meio das respostas obtidas do survey enviadas para as empresas através da Internet sendo que cada parte do questionário compôs um construto o qual foi validado se o mesmo tem efeito positivo ou negativo sobre o uso do offshoring. A análise dos resultados aponta que os fatores de influência no uso do offshoring são: o direcionador redução de custo que tem um efeito positivo sobre o uso do offshoring, os riscos perda de controle e falta de segurança de dados que têm um efeito negativo sobre o uso do offshoring e a atratividade financeira um dos fatores de localização tem efeito positivo sobre o offshoring, sendo que o efeito positivo ou negativo do país anfitrião no uso do offshoring depende de qual será o país escolhido para ser o país a receber os serviços provenientes do país de origem

Through a case study conducted in India, of a Swedish fashion company, this thesis aims to investigate how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can mitigate risks in a global fashion supply chain. By investigating CSR activities carried out by a Swedish fashion brand with its suppliers in India, the thesis shows both benefits and obstacles regarding CSR implementation. Data has been collected mostly through semi-structured interviews in both Sweden and in India with CSR managers, Indian production office, suppliers and through factory observations. The data has been analyzed with theories regarding risks in the supply chain and CSR related theories such as the triangle of Carroll. By investigating benefits and obstacles regarding implementation with suppliers, risks connected to social issues in the supply chain are highlighted. The observations showed the problematic issue of a gap between CSR communication in Sweden and how the implementations are interpreted locally. The research shows that CSR, if implemented correctly, mitigates certain risks mainly connected to brand reputation and health and safety among workers. It is further concluded that there are major issues in implementing CSR further down the supply chain than the first tier of suppliers. Lack of transparency through the supply chain challenges the company’s sustainability work and exposes vulnerabilities in the supply chain. Therefore, the Swedish fashion company is still at risk from its supply chain. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

En dépit de leur caractère distribué, les chaînes logistiques peuvent se révéler très performantes dans les conditions idéales de production et d’échange. Toutefois, leur complexité les rend de plus en plus fragiles. Cette thèse propose des modèles et des méthodes pour l’analyse des risques, de façon à renforcer la robustesse et la résilience des CLs. Nous avons analysé ce domaine suivant une démarche ontologique à l’aide de la méthode KOD pour tirer les caractéristiques essentielles des CLs. En nous appuyant sur un état de l’art du domaine des risques dans les chaînes logistiques, et sur les bases de cas réels, nous avons identifié les indicateurs des vulnérabilités les plus significatifs. A partir des connaissances extraites, et des modèles mathématiques proposés dans la littérature, nous avons construit un modèle de CL multi-étages à l’aide de modèles ARIMA intégrant l’aspect aléatoire de la demande. Pour adapter ce modèle aux situations de vulnérabilité et de risques, nous avons ajouté des contraintes de capacité et de positivité sur les commandes et sur les stocks. Sous l’effet d’événements dangereux, certaines contraintes du système peuvent être atteintes et par conséquence, son évolution peut s’écarter fortement de la dynamique nominale. Nous avons proposé des indicateurs de vulnérabilités comme des indicateurs de fréquence des retards de livraison, ou de surcoût d’immobilisation de produits. Enfin, l’occurrence d’événements dangereux a été représentée par des scénarios. Nous avons alors obtenu des résultats de simulation sous MATLAB, qui nous ont permis d’évaluer leurs conséquences pour différentes configurations du système. / Despite their distributed nature, these supply chains can be very efficient in the ideal conditions of production and exchange. However, their complexity makes them more fragile. This dissertation proposes models and methods for risk analysis to enhance the robustness and resilience of SCs. We analyzed this area following an ontological approach using the KOD method. Based on state of the art in the field of risk in SCs, and on real cases, we identified the indicators of the most significant vulnerabilities. From the extracted knowledge and mathematical models proposed in the literature, we built the model of a multi-stage SC using ARIMA models incorporating the randomness of the demand. In order to adapt this model to situations of vulnerability and risk, we have added capacity and positivity constraints on orders and inventories. Under the impact of hazardous events or strong disturbances, some constraints of the system can be reached and therefore, its evolution may deviate considerably from the nominal dynamics or even become unstable. We proposed vulnerability indicators such as indicators of the frequency of delivery delays or costs due to the immobilization of products. Finally, scenarios were used to represent the occurrence of dangerous events. We then got simulation results in MATLAB, which allowed us to assess their consequences for different configurations of the system, especially for strong disturbances of information flows and physical flows .

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a identificação de perigos e avaliação de riscos que possa ser aplicável a qualquer natureza de empresa e em qualquer dimensão, alinhado com os requisitos normativos do principal modelo de gerenciamento de segurança e saúde ocupacional adotado no mundo na atualidade – OHSAS 18001:1999 e que dele seja possível extrair um indicador de desempenho pró-ativo para avaliar o risco ocupacional na rotina organizacional. O que motiva o desenvolvimento dessa metodologia é a dificuldade observada nas empresas de conciliar e prover suas equipes, gerentes e empregados de um instrumento efetivo de gerenciamento de riscos que possa ser utilizado em todos os níveis atendendo simultaneamente aos requisitos de certificação em gestão de segurança e saúde ocupacional. Seu desenvolvimento foi conduzido com base na experiência de implantação de modelos de gestão, na bibliografia consultada e no uso de uma empresa piloto como meio de validação da mesma, além de outras experiências de implantação da metodologia em empresas de diferentes portes e atividade econômica, em paralelo à ação piloto. As experiências de implantação nas diversas empresas foram úteis na consolidação e na melhoria da metodologia, validação como um instrumento eficaz no gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais, facilidade de integração e alinhamento com outras práticas da gestão ocupacional e geração de um indicador de desempenho que monitora o gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais em todos os níveis de decisão da organização. / This paper presents a risk assessment methodology development applied to any company size and core business and aligned to OHSAS 18001:1999 normative requests which has being preferentially adopted worldwide as reference to occupational health and safety management. Also the development comprises a proactive risk performance indicator to be used on daily management routine in all organization levels. The risk assessment methodology development is motivated by the difficulties observed on companies which are adopting OHSAS 18001:1999 by providing an effective and easy use tool for occupational risk management to their personnel and managers in all levels. This development is based on acquired experience on implementing and improving management tool systems and models in different companies in Brazil, on consulted bibliography and also by adopting a large company in Brazil as a laboratory to validate the set up approaches to the main concepts as well as its application to other different companies as a mean of consolidate those concepts approaches. Those implementation experiences were useful to consolidate and improve the proposal methodology and to prove that its use as built is an easy, simple, strong and effective occupational risk management tool aligned and integrated to other management practices and organization needs. Beyond that, the methodology does provide to build an occupational risk performance indicator easy to obtain and to use on daily management routine in all organization levels.