The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4 week respiratory muscle training (RMT) on intermittent recovery performance, pulmonary functions and maximum oxygen consumption capacity (Vo2max) of young soccer players. Eighteen young soccer player who were playing in the Turkey PAF League (league for candidate professional soccer players) from Hacettepe Sports Club with a mean age of 18.4 &plusmn / 0.8 years (ranging from 17 to 19 years) and 8.5 &plusmn / 0.7 (ranging from 7 to 9 years) years experience in soccer participated. Players&rsquo / weekly metabolic equivalent score (MET) was 120. Their maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) on a treadmill, pulmonary function with a spirometer, and recovery performance with a yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 2 were measured and then they were randomly assigned into two groups as either RMT (n = 9) or control (n = 9). The RMT group continued both their regular training and RMT treatment with a commercially available powerlung sport respiratory muscle trainer (Powerlung Inc., TX, and USA) for 4 weeks. The control group only continued with their regular training. After completing 4 week RMT implementation (composed of 30 sets of inhalation, two times a day, 5 days of the week), the same tests were performed in order to see the v effects of 4 week RMT treatment on selected parameters mentioned above. Findings of this study indicated that 4 week of RMT treatment significantly improved (% 39) yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 2 performances of the RMT group from pre to post test measurements when compared to subjects in the control group. However, there were no significant improvements in both RMT and control group&rsquo / s Vo2max capacity, Vital capacity (VC), Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow (FEV1.0) and Peak expiratory flow performances (PEF). As a conclusion, 4 week of RMT implementation improves the intermittent recovery performance of young soccer players.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:47:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElianeSantosC.pdf: 383211 bytes, checksum: 9084c4210107f08d95090f4afcc07f34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The great demand of accidents resulting in victims with rachi-medullar traumatism (RMT) and the need for indetifying how they are being assisted, led us to proceed with this investigation. It had as its goal to identify and analyze the knowledge of nurses and nurse assistents regarding the nursing assistance to these patients. It consists of a descriptive exploratory study, with a quantitative method and prospective data. For its execution, 193 subjects were interviewed, 37 of them nurses and 157 nurse assistents in 02 hospitals of the metropolitan zone of Natal. The results reveal that the subjects are not coherent when questioned whether they are prepared to assist victim of RMT and the content described by order of piority regarding the steps followed in the assistance of these victims, both in the pre-hospital and hospital care. Thus, we observe that only 06 nurses and 07 assistents, described correctly all the steps necessary to pre-hospital care and only 01 nurse and 02 assistents registered all the steps in the correct sequence regarding the hospital care. We conclude that, in face of the obtained results, we can urgently modify this reality, improving the nursing staff and giving them better work conditions / A grande demanda de acidentes produtores de v?timas com traumatismo raquimedular (TRM) e a necessidade de identificar como est?o sendo assistidas, levaram-nos a fazer esta investiga??o. Teve como objetivo identificar e analisar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros e os auxiliares de enfermagem acerca da assist?ncia de enfermagem a estes acientes.Trata-se de um estudo explorat?rio descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e dados prospectivos. Para a sua realiza??o, foram entrevistados 193 sujeitos sendo 37 enfermeiros e 157 auxiliares de enfermagem de 02 hospitais da grande Natal. Os resultados revelam que os sujeitos n?o s?o coerentes quando questionados se est?o preparados para assistir ?s v?timas de TRM e o conte?do descrito por ordem de prioridade em rela??o aos passos utilizados na assist?ncia, tanto no atendimento pr?-hospitalar como hospitalar. Assim sendo, observamos que apenas 06 enfermeiros e 07 auxiliares descreveram corretamente todos os passos necess?rios ao atendimento pr?-hospitalar e somente 01 enfermeiro e 02 auxiliares registraram todos os passos na seq??ncia correta, no que se refere ao atendimento hospitalar. Conclu?mos que diante dos resultados obtidos, faz-se necess?rio modificar esta realidade, aperfei?oando a equipe de enfermagem e dando-lhe melhores condi??es de trabalho

The Recursive Multi-Threaded (RMT) software process management tool gives software developers the following capabilities: break a large project into a sequence of prototypes (or threads) track these threads individually, and estimate the progress and completion date of the project from these individual threads. The goal of this project is to provide the RMT Tool with an ability to support multi-database for collaborative software development. As a demonstration, actual data is used from several previous algorithma projects.

Bakgrund: Inspiratorisk muskelträning (IMT) har historiskt använts inom vården, men har på senare tid uppmärksammats mer inom idrottsvärlden. IMT kan förstärka andningsmuskulaturen som är förknippat med en förhöjd prestationsförmåga.Syftet med litteraturstudien är att sammanställa befintlig forskning och undersöka om IMT har en effekt på prestationsförmågan hos fotbollsspelare. Metod: Litteraturöversikten är utformad med hjälp av PRISMA Guidelines. Artikelsökningar gjordes på PubMed, SPORTDiscus och Sports Medicine & Education Index i februari 2021. Totalt valdes sex artiklar utifrån framtagna inklusionskriterier. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades metodologiskt av båda författarna enligt PEDro skalan och Risk of Bias 2. Resultat: Analyserade studier inkluderade 62 deltagare i IMT-grupp, 27 IMT-sham och 51 i kontrollgrupp. Genomsnittliga studiekvalitéten klassificerade som ”måttlig” med en medelpoäng på 6 av 10. Samtliga studier visade på signifikant ökning av inspiratorisk muskelstyrka med en genomsnittlig ökning på 27.2% i maximal inspiratory pressure. Majoriteten av inkluderade studier kunde även visa på signifikant förbättring av i löpdistans efter IMT-intervention. Konklusion: IMT i kombination med traditionell fotbollsträning har en effekt på prestationsförmågan i form av inspiratorisk muskelstyrka och löpdistans. En ökad inspiratorisk muskelstyrka bidrar till att individen kan arbeta på en högre intensitet under en längre tid. IMT är därmed en effektiv, lätthanterlig och billig metod för att förbättra den individuella prestationsförmågan hos fotbollsspelare. Mekanismen bakom IMT antas vara en fördröjning av metaboreflexen. Framtida forskning behöver klargöra förklaringsmodellen och även ta fram optimala riktlinjer för användandet av IMT för att nå interventionens fulla utvecklingspotential.

La barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE) protège le système nerveux central (SNC) des fluctuations plasmatiques des molécules endogènes, mais aussi exogènes, et notamment des molécules à potentiel thérapeutique. L’imperméabilité de la BHE est compensée par la présence de mécanismes qui assurent le transport transendothélial des nutriments nécessaires au tissu nerveux, parmi lesquels la transcytose relayée par différents récepteurs. Dans le but d’améliorer le transfert d’agents thérapeutiques à travers la BHE, nous développons des « vecteurs » qui se lient à certains de ces récepteurs. Au cours de notre thèse, nous avons développé et optimisé des modèles in vitro de BHE et barrière sang-moelle épinière (BSME) syngéniques de rats et souris, basés sur la co-culture de cellules endothéliales microvasculaires (CEMs) cérébrales (CEMCs) ou spinales (CEMSs) et d'astrocytes. Parmi les récepteurs étudiés, nous montrons que le LDLR est exprimé à la membrane plasmique apicale des CEMCs et qu’il est impliqué dans la transcytose du LDL tout en évitant le compartiment lysosomal, confirmant l’intérêt de son ciblage dans nos approches. Nous montrons que nos vecteurs, conjugués à une molécule organique ou à un cargo protéique, sont endocytés par les CEMCs de façon LDLR-dépendante, évitent le compartiment lysosomal et franchissent la monocouche de CEMCs. Nous avons également mis en place des modèles in vitro de BHE et BSME enflammés, sachant que l’inflammation des CEMs est associée à de nombreuses pathologies du SNC. Ces modèles seront utiles pour évaluer des stratégies de vectorisation ciblant préférentiellement les structures du SNC en situation pathologique. / The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from plasma fluctuations of endogenous, but also exogenous molecules, including therapeutic molecules. The BBB’s restrictive properties are compensated by the presence of different mechanisms that provide transport of nutrients across the BBB, including transcytosis of endogenous ligands mediated by receptors. Our objective is to improve drug delivery across the BBB and we developed “vectors” that target different recpetors. During our thesis we developed and optimized cellular tools and approaches, in particular syngeneic in vitro models of the BBB and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) from both rat and mouse, based on the co-culture of brain (BMECs) or spinal cord (SCMECs) microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) and astrocytes. Among the receptors we studied, we show that the LDL receptor (LDLR) is expressed at the apical plasma membrane of BMECs and confirmed that it is involved in transcytosis of LDL through the vesicular compartment, while avoiding the lysosomal compartment, further establishing its interest as a target receptor. We show that our vectors conjugated to an organic molecule or to a protein cargo are endocytosed by BMECs in a LDLR-dependent manner, avoid the lysosomal compartment and cross the BMEC monolayers. Finally, we developed BBB and BSCB in vitro models in inflammatory conditions, considering that MECs inflammation is associated with many CNS lesions and pathologies. These models will be useful to better understand the inflammatory processes of CNS endothelial cells and to evaluate vectorization strategies preferentially targeting CNS structures in pathological condition.

Denna studie är en fallstudie av Equmeniakyrkans kampanj Klimatfastan, där de under 40 dagar uppmanade medarbetare och medlemmar att se över sitt klimatavtryck och göra beteendeförändringar utifrån detta. Tidigare forskning visar att religiösa miljöaktioner skiljer sig från sekulära miljöaktioner gällande metoder, fokus och budskap. Studien ämnaratt undersöka hur Klimatfastan genomfördes, vilka effekter kampanjen hade påmedlemmars miljömedvetna beteende samt vilka svårigheter och framgångsfaktorer som kunde identifieras. För attkunna dra slutsatser utifrån ett bredare perspektiv, undersöktes den nationella organisationen och en lokal församling i Equmeniakyrkan. Materialet som användes för att besvara studiens frågeställningar bestod av tre intervjuer med Equmeniakyrkans personal, en enkät riktad till en lokal församling och ett internt dokument. Resultatet visar att Equmeniakyrkansanvändning av resurser förstärktes genom användning av vad Bomberg och Hague (2018) definierar som andliga resursergenom hela processen. Detta identifierades som en framgångsfaktor för kampanjen. En skillnad mellan den nationella organisationen och den lokala församlingen var möjligheten att förutse och hantera hinder för medlemmarnas deltagande i kampanjen. / This is acase study that examines the UnitingChurch in Sweden ́s (UCS) campaign “Klimatfastan” (Climate Fasting), during which members were encouraged to examine their carbon footprints and make lifestyle changes accordingly for40 days. Previous research shows that religious environmental groups differ from secular groups when it comes to methods, focus areas and messages. The aim of this study was to examine how the Climate Fastingwas implemented, which effects the campaign had on members’ pro-environmental behaviour,and which strengths and weaknesses the campaign had. To be able to draw conclusions based on a wider perspective, the campaign was examined through the lens of the national organisation and a local congregation. The material used to answer the study’s research questions consisted of three interviews with staff at UCS, a survey answered bymembers of a local congregation,and an internal document. The results show that UCS ́s use of resources was enhanced by the use of what Bomberg and Hague (2018) define asspiritual resourcesthroughout the campaign. This was identified as a strength. A difference between the national organisation and the local congregation was the ability to identify and counteract barriers for members’ participation in the campaign.