Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o teatro contemporâneo em embate com as transformações sociais pelas quais estamos passando. Neste momento de incertezas e inversão de valores, o teatro incorpora as discussões e temáticas ligadas à experiência sensível dos seres humanos, ao mesmo tempo em que inova sua linguagem, recorrendo a dispositivos tecnológicos que propiciam diferentes modos de interação com o público. Propostas sem atores em cena aportam o questionamento sobre que elementos, afinal, definem o teatro, enquanto que o compartilhamento de experiências busca expandir o entendimento da inserção do real em cena. A partir da aproximação a aspectos que observamos recorrentes na cena atual, abordamos dois espetáculos em cada uma das três partes que constituem a pesquisa. Recorremos ao conceito da teatralidade como ferramenta imbatível para a exposição de uma prática teórica construída no momento mesmo dos acontecimentos que se pretende analisar. Pretendemos, desse modo, responder às exigências da área de Teoria e Prática do teatro, que privilegia pesquisas que fundem o fazer e o refletir teatral. / The thesis proposes a reflection on contemporary theatre\'s confrontation with current social transformations. In this moment of uncertainty and inversion of values, theatre incorporates discussions on sensitive themes while innovating its language, using technological devices that provide different modes of interaction with the public. The absence of actors on stage raises questions about what ultimately defines the theatre, while the sharing of personal experiences by actors, expands the understanding of the insertion of the real into the scene. We seek to approach reoccurring aspects of the current scene, analyzing two shows in each of the three parts of this research. We turn to the concept of theatricality as a unique tool to explore a very contemporary practice. In this way, it seeks to respond to the demands of theatre Practice and Theory field, which favors researches that combine practice and reflection.

Cette thèse mène une enquête sur le concept d’imagination tel qu’il est abordé dans la réflexion littéraire de la période 1924-1948, dans le cadre plus vaste des rapports entre imagination et littérature à partir du romantisme. Elle interroge plus spécifiquement l’évolution du lien théorique établi entre la faculté imaginative et la définition des pouvoirs de connaissance de la littérature. Cette étude se compose de deux parties : la première, synthétique, met en relief les coordonnées du débat autour de l’imagination, dans la trajectoire qui mène jusqu’au XXe siècle. Quatre thématiques principales y sont développées : l’opposition entre imagination reproductrice et imagination créatrice, la centralité du modèle romantique, l’apport herméneutique des sciences humaines et la dialectique problématique entre ces deux derniers éléments, dans le contexte de la crise de légitimation que la littérature traverse dans l’entre-deux-guerres. La deuxième partie, se fondant sur une démarche analytique, se compose de chapitres monographiques consacrés aux théories de l’imagination élaborées par cinq auteurs principaux : André Breton, Gaston Bachelard, Roger Caillois, Armand Petitjean et Jean-Paul Sartre. Elle vise à étudier à la fois la spécificité de leur production et leur participation à un cadre commun, par l’analyse des différentes stratégies qu’ils emploient afin de préserver, par le concept d’imagination, un espace d’autonomie épistémologique pour la littérature. / This dissertation investigates the concept of imagination in literary theory during the period 1924-1948, in the larger context of the relationship between imagination and literature from the Romantic period on. This work stresses in particular the evolution of the theoretical link between imagination and the cognitive power of literature. The text is composed of two main sections: the first part provides a synthetic consideration of the terms of the intellectual debate around the imagination, through the early twentieth century. Four main subjects are discussed: the conflict between reproductive imagination and creative imagination, the importance of the romantic model, the hermeneutical contribution of human sciences and the problematic dialectics between these latter two elements, in the context of the crisis of legitimacy faced by literature in the interwar period. The second, more analytical part is composed of five monographical chapters dedicated to the theories of imagination developed by five authors: André Breton, Gaston Bachelard, Roger Caillois, Armand Petitjean et Jean-Paul Sartre. This section aims to study both the specificity of these theories and their participation in a common framework. It analyzes the strategies these authors employ to preserve, through the concept of imagination, an epistemological autonomy for literature.

The syllabus in natural philosophy and mathematics was radically changed in the course of the sixteenth century with new subjects, textbooks and methods introduced. Education became more practical and less dependent on medieval antecedents. Printing technology improved textbooks and made it possible to replace them with newer versions. Following sweeping syllabus reform around 1500, the Cambridge Master of Arts course was heavily slanted towards humanism. The old scholastic textbooks were rejected and replaced with modern authors. The purpose of natural philosophy was explicitly to illuminate the providential work of the creator, especially through natural history (a newly developing subject in the sixteenth century thanks to newly translated and promulgated Greek texts) where examples of God's work were there for all to see. Oxford remained wedded to scholastic texts although the trivium was reformed along humanistic lines. Cromwell's visitors in 1535 outlawed scholasticism by decree but gave little indication of the alternative (their white list stipulating only Aristotle). The solution adopted by the Oxford masters was to import the Cambridge syllabus and textbooks wholesale. When the evangelical regime of Edward VI reformed the universities in 1549, the humanist natural philosophy syllabus was adjudged appropriate, especially those parts promoted by Philip Melanchthon at the University of Wittenberg. However, the visitors' background at court meant they valued ethics and politics more highly. The Reformation itself left natural philosophy largely unaffected although the barrier preventing Catholics from entering clerical careers after 1558 appears to have encouraged some to remain philosophers. In mathematics, the 1549 visitation was highly significant. Cambridge University's initiative in 1500 in employing a university lecturer in the subject was in danger of stagnating due to inappropriate appointments. However, John Cheke's statutes in 1549 promoted the use of modern textbooks of practical arithmetic, finance and surveying useful to the centralised Tudor state. He also introduced the new subject of geography as a result of his contacts at court with merchants and explorers. The thesis concludes that during the second half of the sixteenth century,English students could expect a mathematical and philosophical education comparable to that of their Italian peers. This was sufficient to provide graduates with the knowledge they needed to carry these subjects forward in the seventeenth century.

Este trabajo busca analizar la construcción de la noción de alteridad a través de la experiencia del cónsul británico, el irlandés Roger Casement, en las áreas que rodean las dos riberas del Putumayo, acercamiento para el cual nos hemos basado tanto en sus escritos como en sus informes, correspondencia y, sobre todo, sus diarios personales. En primer lugar, se pasa revista a la realidad social y al imaginario del poblador de la Amazonía peruana, particularmente en la época de la explotación del caucho, surgida cuando la zona era de muy difícil acceso. La economía cauchera provocó en la Amazonía una prosperidad impresionante pero efímera, debido a la gran competencia del caucho asiático, de modo que la economía basada en este producto natural desapareció rápidamente, apareciendo una gran desocupación, acompañada de desaceleración económica, emigración masiva, destrucción del medio ambiente y reducción demográfica, entre otros graves problemas. En la historia de la producción del caucho lo más escandaloso fueron los abusos, maltratos y crímenes en contra de los indígenas, por medio de acciones tan crueles como la tortura, el asesinato, los castigos con látigo, incluso el genocidio. En esta tesis se utilizan como fuentes primarias fundamentales los textos del propio Casement, Diario del Amazonas y el informe Libro Azul Británico: informe de Roger Casement y otras cartas sobre las atrocidades en el Putumayo. Sobre la base de ellos, analizaremos cómo se construyeron las nociones de alteridad respecto de la población autóctona en la zona del Putumayo, lo cual se traducía, entre otros puntos, en su constante reclamo por los derechos humanos de los indígenas. En efecto, el cónsul británico guardaba simpatía por las poblaciones aborígenes, lo que se evidenciaba ya desde la época de su estancia en el Congo, y se concretaría al llegar a la Amazonía peruana. Roger Casement era un católico tradicional irlandés, lo que, a la postre, fue factor determinante en su simpatía por los explotados y desposeídos. Casement veía las cosas desde un punto de vista religioso, lo que en su caso lo empujaba a denunciar los crímenes ocurridos en el Putumayo, enfrentando asimismo muchos obstáculos y arriesgando su propia vida con sus reclamos. Sin embargo, Casement, un luchador y héroe de su época, no era perfecto. Muchas veces su manera de comportarse lo mostraba como un hombre contradictorio. Como católico el cónsul Casement consideraba que todos los seres humanos, sean europeos o indígenas, eran iguales, porque todos eran hijos de Dios. Por otro lado, estaba de acuerdo en que hay razas más civilizadas, menos civilizadas y razas salvajes. Respecto de la civilización, observaba con beneplácito la civilización y modernidad de Alemania y pensaba que, en vez de España e Inglaterra, Alemania sería la única esperanza para los “salvajes” indígenas de poder salir adelante. Otra contradicción consistía en que Casement apoyaba la expansión capitalista hacia todo el mundo, para conquistar y civilizar las regiones “salvajes”. No solo lo apoyaba, también hizo un gran esfuerzo en favor de dicha expansión. Podría afirmarse, por tanto, que Casement era un hombre ambigüo: por una parte, un católico bondadoso, muy generoso con su prójimo, pero al mismo tiempo un entusiasta de las ideas eurocéntricas etnicistas y eugenésicas de la época, un “racista” en buena cuenta quizás sería más apropiado decir, aunque siempre tomando en consideración los criterios positivistas de la época, que fusionaban ambas caras, un “representante de civilización”, es decir, un buen cristiano victoriano, un paternalista “defensor y protector de los más débiles”. / Tesis

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Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T19:02:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000402065-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 10242834 bytes, checksum: 94436a24a01bdf1a035f1e51efc9e55b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / This dissertation presents a descriptive and interpretative study about the book Nau Catarineta, by Roger Mello, in which the dialogues that the verbal and the visual texts establish are analyzed not only between themselves, but also in its links with the Brazilian popular artistic manifestations and with the orality, the primitivism and the primitive arts in general. The study has as objective to contribute to the instrumentation of teachers and reading mediators interested in working with the book Nau Catarineta and with other books as this one that offer to the young reader, both on the verbal and the visual text, the access to the tradition on a renovating way. / Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo descritivo e interpretativo acerca do livro Nau Catarineta, de Roger Mello, no qual são analisados os diálogos que o texto verbal e o texto visual do livro estabelecem não apenas entre si, mas também em seus elos com as manifestações artísticas populares brasileiras e com a oralidade, o primitivismo e as artes primitivas em geral. O estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a instrumentalização de professores e mediadores de leitura interessados em trabalhar com o livro Nau Catarineta e com outros livros ilustrados para crianças contemporâneos que, como este, oferecem ao jovem leitor, tanto no texto verbal como no visual, o acesso a tradição de um modo renovador.

The process of local preservation, urban renewal, and national park building at Roger Williams National Memorial in Providence, Rhode Island, reveals important facets of the urban park idea. In 1958, the Providence Preservation Society and the Providence City Plan Commission jointly released the College Hill Study, which called for renewal of the College Hill neighborhood through preservation of the architecturally significant homes, selective demolition, and the creation of a new National Park Unit dedicated to Providence’s founder, Roger Williams. The new park, established in 1965, went through a lengthy planning process before opening in 1984. The planning process revealed concerns about determining historical authenticity, supporting the revitalized historic district of College Hill, and preventing the park from becoming a haven for undesirable people and activities. Since its opening, the park has grown into a mature green space which is an important part of the civic and cultural life of Providence. The success of this park in fulfilling the goals of its planners and continuing to provide a valued green space for residents demonstrates an achievement that has important implications for ongoing urban park building by the National Park Service.