Texte abrégé et légèrement remanié de: Dissertation--Universität München, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 564-586.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This project was undertaken in order to investigate the phenomenon of repositioning/rejuvenation in the South African women magazine industry, rooi rose and SARIE in particular. These two women magazines, already in a mature phase and seemingly showing very little difference in identity, have been constantly competing with one another for many years. One of the goals of the study is to determine whether the manner in which repositioning is applied would be a sustainable solution and/or whether, considering the saturated market in SA, this would be the sole solution. Hypothetically speaking, the recipe for success may be embedded in new or innovative information and information to support the adopting process of the reader. The Diffusion of Innovation theory is used as the theoretical platform. A content analysis of rooi rose and SARIE for the period July 2002 to December 2003 has been conducted and applied to seven categories. The data has been scientifically analysed using the Student’s t-test. It emerged from the quantitative study that no correlation could be found between innovative content and content supporting the adopting process, and the fluctuation of the ABC figures during that time period. By no means is this an indication that innovative content does not play an important role in the editorial mix, only that SARIE’s better performance since its repositioning should be attributed to other factors. The two magazines are almost similar in terms of positioning, content and target market. For this reason, the role that publicity plays at the launch of each monthly issue should not be underestimated. The Afrikaans women magazine market shows meagre growth that points publishers into other directions such as the expats market, for future growth and survival. Finally, the general interest women magazine should seriously consider her own role in providing innovative information for her reader in order to counter the strong upcoming niche magazine market, which seems to have taken over this very important function of providing innovative information and content supporting the adoption process. In the meantime, change as the only constant means that repositioning or rejuvenation is a given factor in the game of survival. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek is onderneem om die verskynsel van herposisionering/vernuwing en die wyse waarop dit toegepas word in die Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifmark te ondersoek, met spesifieke verwysing na rooi rose en SARIE. Die twee genoemde vrouetydskrifte is reeds in hul volwasse stadium, is in konstante mededinging met mekaar en blyk op die oog af dieselfde identiteit te hê. Die vraag of die wyse waarop herposisionering toegepas is, inderdaad ’n volhoubare oplossing is, of die enigste oplossing in die lig van ’n moontlike versadigde mark, is een van die doelwitte van die studie. ’n Hipotetiese stelling is gemaak dat die resep vir sukses moontlik in vernuwende inhoud lê, en in inhoud wat die daaropvolgende besluitnemingsproses van die leser ondersteun. Die Diffusie van Innoveringsteorie is as teoretiese vertrekpunt gebruik. ’n Inhoudsanalise van rooi rose en SARIE is oor die tydperk Julie 2002 tot Desember 2003 gedoen en toegepas in sewe kategorieë. Die data is met behulp van die Student se t-toets wetenskaplik geanaliseer. Op grond van die resultate van hierdie kwantitatiewe ondersoek is bevind dat vernuwende inhoud en inhoud wat die besluitnemingsproses ondersteun, geen korrelasie getoon het met die styging en daling van die ABC-syfers nie. Dit beteken geensins dat vernuwende inhoud nie ’n belangrike deel van die inhoudsvermenging uitmaak nie, bloot dat SARIE se sukses sedert herposisionering dus toe te skryf is aan ander faktore. Die twee tydskrifte stem grootliks ooreen in terme van posisionering, inhoud en teikenmark. Daarom is die rol wat publisiteit speel ten tye van die bekendstelling van ’n nuwe uitgawe van groot belang. Die Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifmark toon nie veel meer groei nie, wat beteken dat die twee tydskrifte ander opsies soos onder meer die “expats”-mark moet ondersoek. Ten slotte sal die algemene vrouetydskrif ernstiger moet besin oor haar rol in die aanbieding van innoverende inhoud en inhoud wat die besluitnemingsproses ondersteun as sy die opkomende nistydskrifmark, wat op die oog af hierdie funksie oorgeneem het, wil trotseer. In die tussentyd sal tydskrifte vir lief daarmee moet neem dat gereelde herposisionering/vernuwing noodsaaklik is vir oorlewing.

Rose... assim era denominada a primeira revista gay editada no Brasil entre fins da década de 1970 e princípios de 1980. Em suas páginas eram publicadas informações do cenário artístico-cultural da época, contos eróticos, estórias em quadrinho, cartuns, anúncios de homens interessados em corresponder-se com outros homens, artigos que versavam sobre a homossexualidade masculina. Nessas páginas havia, também, uma profusão de corpos masculinos tendendo a nudez. Entretanto, nos limites dessa dissertação a revista Rose, não foi considerada apenas como veículo de comunicação e entretenimento, mas, antes disso, tomada como fonte histórica. Enquanto portadora de um conjunto de pedagogias do gênero e da sexualidade, a revista está implicada na produção de um modelo de masculinidade homossexual normalizada. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos de Gênero, desde uma perspectiva feminista e pós-estruturalista, analiso o enunciado que articula a masculinidade homossexual a comportamentos efeminados. E é a abjeção a tais comportamentos que servirá de base para a construção do homem gay discreto, marcadamente masculinizado. Portanto, a discrição – enquanto signo de masculinidade – parece assegurar a inteligibilidade social desses homens, “autorizando” sua própria existência. De qualquer maneira, a revista não deve ser reduzida a problemática aqui desenvolvida, uma vez que nela estão presentes outros enunciados. / Rose... so it was named the first gay magazine edited in Brazil between late 1970s and early 1980s. On its pages, information about the cultural-artistic scene of that time, erotic stories, stories in comics, cartoons, advertisements of men interested in corresponding with other men, and articles that dealt with male homosexuality were published. On those pages there was also a profusion of male bodies tending to nudity. However, within the bounds of this dissertation, Rose magazine has not been considered only as a vehicle of communication and entertainment, above all, it has been taken as a historical source. As a carrier of a set of pedagogies of gender and sexuality, the magazine is involved in producing a normalized model of homosexual masculinity. Based on the theoretical referential of Gender Studies from a feminist and post-structuralist perspective, it was analyzed the “enunciation” that articulates the homosexual masculinity to feminine behaviors. It is the degradation of such behaviors that will serve as the basis for the construction of a discrete gay man, with a distinct male-like behavior. Therefore, discretion – as a sign of masculinity – seems to ensure the social intelligence of those men, "authorizing" their own existence. However, the magazine should not be reduced to the problematic here developed, since there are other issues presented in it.

This thesis will aim to investigate the extent to which Tracey Rose's Ciao Bella can be said to allegorically perform a dialectical enfolding of the dichotomous categories of meaning/nonmeaning; image/text; past/present and original/translation. The dual concepts of performance and performativity will be utilized as a means to explore the notion of interpretation as a meaning-making process and as an engagement between artist, artwork and viewer that is necessarily open-ended and in a state of constant change and flux. Rose's performance of Ciao Bella will be read as one that questions the illusion of unmediated representation by parodying and creatively misreading a multiplicity of visual, textual and musical representations so as to foreground the politics of representation. The representational figure of allegory, as one that defines itself in opposition to the Romantic conception of the unified symbol, will be put to work so as to reveal the ways in which Rose's performance works to critically undermine various positivistic attitudes toward self-identity, gender, race, politics, history, authorial intention and interpretation.

Rose... assim era denominada a primeira revista gay editada no Brasil entre fins da década de 1970 e princípios de 1980. Em suas páginas eram publicadas informações do cenário artístico-cultural da época, contos eróticos, estórias em quadrinho, cartuns, anúncios de homens interessados em corresponder-se com outros homens, artigos que versavam sobre a homossexualidade masculina. Nessas páginas havia, também, uma profusão de corpos masculinos tendendo a nudez. Entretanto, nos limites dessa dissertação a revista Rose, não foi considerada apenas como veículo de comunicação e entretenimento, mas, antes disso, tomada como fonte histórica. Enquanto portadora de um conjunto de pedagogias do gênero e da sexualidade, a revista está implicada na produção de um modelo de masculinidade homossexual normalizada. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos de Gênero, desde uma perspectiva feminista e pós-estruturalista, analiso o enunciado que articula a masculinidade homossexual a comportamentos efeminados. E é a abjeção a tais comportamentos que servirá de base para a construção do homem gay discreto, marcadamente masculinizado. Portanto, a discrição – enquanto signo de masculinidade – parece assegurar a inteligibilidade social desses homens, “autorizando” sua própria existência. De qualquer maneira, a revista não deve ser reduzida a problemática aqui desenvolvida, uma vez que nela estão presentes outros enunciados. / Rose... so it was named the first gay magazine edited in Brazil between late 1970s and early 1980s. On its pages, information about the cultural-artistic scene of that time, erotic stories, stories in comics, cartoons, advertisements of men interested in corresponding with other men, and articles that dealt with male homosexuality were published. On those pages there was also a profusion of male bodies tending to nudity. However, within the bounds of this dissertation, Rose magazine has not been considered only as a vehicle of communication and entertainment, above all, it has been taken as a historical source. As a carrier of a set of pedagogies of gender and sexuality, the magazine is involved in producing a normalized model of homosexual masculinity. Based on the theoretical referential of Gender Studies from a feminist and post-structuralist perspective, it was analyzed the “enunciation” that articulates the homosexual masculinity to feminine behaviors. It is the degradation of such behaviors that will serve as the basis for the construction of a discrete gay man, with a distinct male-like behavior. Therefore, discretion – as a sign of masculinity – seems to ensure the social intelligence of those men, "authorizing" their own existence. However, the magazine should not be reduced to the problematic here developed, since there are other issues presented in it.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune disease, affects billions of people worldwide. Conventional therapeutics do not provide satisfactory efficacy and even cause severe adverse reactions. Researchers are seeking new approaches for RA management. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA, and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for RA. Chinese medicines are believed to be alternative options for conventional RA therapeutics. A herbal formula RL, consisting of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, has traditionally been used in treating various inflammatory disorders including RA. In this study we assessed the anti-arthritic efficacy of RL in animals, and investigated the involvement of TLR4 signalling in RL's effects in vivo and in vitro. In vivo anti-arthritic efficacy of RL was evaluated using CIA (collagen-induced arthritis) rats, a model that is well established for studying human RA. Articular disease manifestations were investigated grossly, radiographically, and histologically. Isolated splenocytes were used to determine the effects of RL on immune responses. Molecular events in the TLR4 pathways upon RL treatment were examined in sera and joint tissues of CIA rats as well as in cultured lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW264.7 and human THP-1 cells.

‘Jardin de Granville’ ‘est une variété de rose moderne dédiée à des applications cosmétiques en lien avec ses propriétés intéressantes permettant de lutter contre les mécanismes inflammatoires et oxydants au niveau cutané. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a consisté à établir la cartographie moléculaire de ‘Jardin de Granville’. Pour cela, un procédé standardisé de récolte et d’extraction a été développé afin d’accéder au contenu moléculaire le plus exhaustif possible des différents organes de la plante. Des méthodes complémentaires d’analyse, allant de l’HPTLC, à l’HPLC-DAD-DEDL et jusqu’à l’UHPLC-HRMS, ont été mises en oeuvre pour réaliser les empreintes chromatographiques des extraits et en identifier les principaux constituants. Ces méthodes ont été choisies de plus en plus spécifiques et précises, de façon à apporter une graduation dans le niveau d’informations apportées. Plus de 120 molécules ont pu être caractérisées dans les différents extraits. Le deuxième objectif résidait dans la mise en évidence des marqueurs phytochimiques spécifiques à la variété en comparant ses empreintes moléculaires à celles des deux variétés parents. Deux méthodes de comparaison des profils ont été développées. La première met en jeu des analyses statistiques telles que l’ACP, la CAH et l’ANOVA qui permettent de comparer l’ensemble des extraits. La seconde effectue la soustraction des chromatogrammes d’extrait deux à deux et donne accès à un niveau d’informations plus ciblé. Ces deux approches ont conduit à l’identification de composés différenciant chaque type d’organes ce qui pourra servir d’outils dans la valorisation de certaines parties de la plante. Des marqueurs potentiels plus spécifiques à ‘Jardin de Granville’ ont pu être mis en évidence ce qui démontre la capacité des méthodes développées à différencier le contenu phytochimique de variétés de rose très proches. / The modern rose variety ‘Jardin de Granville’, possesses proven activities against skin cell inflammatory and oxidant mechanisms and is devoted to cosmetic applications. The main goal of this study was to establish the molecular fingerprint of the different organs of ‘Jardin de Granville’. In this way, a standardized process for plant harvesting and sample extraction was developed giving access to the most exhaustive molecular fingerprint possible of the different organs. Several complementary analytical methods were implemented through HPTLC, HPLC-DAD-ELSD and UHPLC-HRMS, enabling to achieve the chromatographic fingerprint of the different organs and to identify the main constituents. These methods were selected to have increasing specificity and accuracy to bring progressive information on the molecule structure. Thus, more than 120 compounds were characterized in the different extracts. The second objective consisted in identifying specific phytochemical markers of the variety by comparing its fingerprint to those obtained from its two rose plant parents. In this way, two approaches were developed. The first one involves statistical analysis like PCA, HAC and ANOVA and allows comparing the whole sample chromatograms. The second approach performs extract chromatogram subtractions two by two and gives more detailed information. Both comparative methods led to the identification of the differential compounds existing between the different organ types which could be used to valuate some plant parts in particular. Some ‘Jardin de Granville’ specific markers were highlighted showing the method capacity to distinguish very close rose varieties, by comparing their molecular content.

Rose... assim era denominada a primeira revista gay editada no Brasil entre fins da década de 1970 e princípios de 1980. Em suas páginas eram publicadas informações do cenário artístico-cultural da época, contos eróticos, estórias em quadrinho, cartuns, anúncios de homens interessados em corresponder-se com outros homens, artigos que versavam sobre a homossexualidade masculina. Nessas páginas havia, também, uma profusão de corpos masculinos tendendo a nudez. Entretanto, nos limites dessa dissertação a revista Rose, não foi considerada apenas como veículo de comunicação e entretenimento, mas, antes disso, tomada como fonte histórica. Enquanto portadora de um conjunto de pedagogias do gênero e da sexualidade, a revista está implicada na produção de um modelo de masculinidade homossexual normalizada. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos de Gênero, desde uma perspectiva feminista e pós-estruturalista, analiso o enunciado que articula a masculinidade homossexual a comportamentos efeminados. E é a abjeção a tais comportamentos que servirá de base para a construção do homem gay discreto, marcadamente masculinizado. Portanto, a discrição – enquanto signo de masculinidade – parece assegurar a inteligibilidade social desses homens, “autorizando” sua própria existência. De qualquer maneira, a revista não deve ser reduzida a problemática aqui desenvolvida, uma vez que nela estão presentes outros enunciados. / Rose... so it was named the first gay magazine edited in Brazil between late 1970s and early 1980s. On its pages, information about the cultural-artistic scene of that time, erotic stories, stories in comics, cartoons, advertisements of men interested in corresponding with other men, and articles that dealt with male homosexuality were published. On those pages there was also a profusion of male bodies tending to nudity. However, within the bounds of this dissertation, Rose magazine has not been considered only as a vehicle of communication and entertainment, above all, it has been taken as a historical source. As a carrier of a set of pedagogies of gender and sexuality, the magazine is involved in producing a normalized model of homosexual masculinity. Based on the theoretical referential of Gender Studies from a feminist and post-structuralist perspective, it was analyzed the “enunciation” that articulates the homosexual masculinity to feminine behaviors. It is the degradation of such behaviors that will serve as the basis for the construction of a discrete gay man, with a distinct male-like behavior. Therefore, discretion – as a sign of masculinity – seems to ensure the social intelligence of those men, "authorizing" their own existence. However, the magazine should not be reduced to the problematic here developed, since there are other issues presented in it.

A produção de rosas em ambiente protegido sob fertirrigação é uma técnica bastante utilizada pelos produtores e vem se expandindo consideravelmente, principalmente no Estado de São Paulo; cultivo este antes restrito a região Sudeste, hoje se encontra em todas as regiões do País. O manejo adequado da irrigação associado à fertirrigação nitrogenada é um fator relevante nos parâmetros de produtividade e de qualidade das rosas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade das hastes florais na cultura da roseira, variedade Samourai® Meikatana, submetida a diferentes níveis de depleção da água no solo e doses de nitrogênio aplicadas via fertirrigação sob cultivo em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Biossistemas da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", em Piracicaba, SP. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, totalizando 16 tratamentos, com 4 repetições, sendo a unidade experimental representada por uma parcela com dimensões de 0,4 x 0,5 x 2,0 m. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de quatro doses de nitrogênio (N1 = 5, N2 = 10, N3 = 15 e N4 = 20 g planta-1 ano-1) e quatro níveis de depleção da água no solo (F1 = 0,15; F2 = 0,30; F3 = 0,45 e F4 = 0,60). O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi o gotejamento, adotando manejo de irrigação com tensiômetros providos de transdutores de pressão. Ao longo do ciclo da cultura foi realizado o monitoramento da condutividade elétrica (CE), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e a concentração de nitrato (NO3-) e potássio (K) na solução coletada. Foram avaliados a produtividade, os parâmetros qualitativos das hastes e botões, a temperatura e o potencial da água na folha, o consumo hídrico, a produtividade da água, o teor de nutrientes no tecido vegetal e a renda bruta. Os resultados demostram que a dose de N que maximiza a produção comercial de hastes decresce à medida que se prolongam as colheitas. O estresse hídrico temporário (depleção) afeta negativamente os parâmetros quantitativos e qualitativos das hastes de rosas. A produção e a qualidade das hastes são mais afetadas pelas doses de nitrogênio do que pelos níveis de depleção da água no solo. A temperatura foliar e o potencial da água na folha são afetados pelos níveis de depleção e não são influenciados pelas doses de nitrogênio. O consumo hídrico é afetado por ambos os fatores estudados. A produtividade da água em hastes aumenta em função dos fatores doses de N e depleção da água no solo. Os tratamentos promoveram diferenças significativas na fitomassa e no teor de N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S no tecido vegetal das hastes florais de rosas. / The production of roses in protected environment under fertigation is a technique used by farmers and has expanded considerably, especially in the state of São Paulo, Brazil; this culture, previously limited to the Southeast region of Brazil, today is found in all regions of the country. Proper management of irrigation associated to nitrogenated fertigation is an important factor in productivity parameters and quality of cut roses. The aims of this study was to evaluate the productivity and quality of the flowers in the rose bush, \"Samourai® Meikatana\", variety, under different soil water depletion factors and nitrogen levels applied through fertigation under cultivation in protected environment. The experiment was carried in the experimental area of the Biosystems Engineering Department, School of Agriculture \"Luiz de Queiroz\", in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, totaling 16 treatments, with four replications and plot with dimensions of 0.4 x 0.5 x 2.0 m. The treatments consisted of combinations of four nitrogen levels (N1 = 5, N2 = 10, N3 = 15 and N4 = 20 g plant-1 year-1) and four levels of soil water depletion (F1 = 0.15 ; F2 = 0.30, F3 = 0.45 and F4 = 0.60). The application of water and nutrients (fertigation) was performed when the soil water availability reached these percentages. The irrigation system used was drip irrigation adopting management with tensiometers equipped with pressure transducers. Throughout the crop cycle was performed monitoring of electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH) and concentration of nitrate (NO3-) and potassium (K) in the soil solution. The yield, the qualitative parameters of the stems and buds of cut roses, leaf temperature and water potential, water consumption, water productivity, nutrient content in plant tissue and gross income was evaluated. The dose of N which maximizes the commercial production of cut flowers decreases as it extends harvest. The temporary water stress (depletion) negatively affects the quantitative and qualitative parameters of cut roses. The production and quality of cut roses are more affected by nitrogen levels than by the soil water depletion. Leaf temperature and leaf water potential are affected by levels of depletion and are not influenced by the nitrogen levels. The water consumption is affected by both studied factors. Water productivity in cut roses increases due to the N levels and soil water depletion factors. The treatments promoted significant differences in phytomass and content of N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S in plant tissue of the roses floral stems.

1 Abstract Currently there are almost 4000 described species of rose chafers (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) but larvae of less than 200 species are described. In this work we studied larval morphology of 86 species belonging to 58 genera with focus on the tribe Goliathini. The larvae of 21 genera were studied for the first time. 77 morphological characters on head, mouth parts, legs and thoracal and abdominal segments were studied. This resulted into large matrix of morphological characters, which were further tested in separate phylogenetical analyses. A checklist of studied characters and their states and also large databasis of photographs of the characters are also amongst the results of the thesis. Five independent datasets were tested, three were based singly on morphology, one on molecular sequences and one on a combined dataset. The phylogenetic analysis was made by three methods, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and bayesian interference. Eleven different phylogenetic trees were obtained as a result, based on which we tried to reconstruct the relationships between the inner groups of Cetoniinae with focus on relationship of subtribes of tribe Goliathini. Monophyly of the tribe Goliathini as well as some other groups could not be confirmed, as well as the alleged basal position of the genus...