Les transporteurs vésiculaires du glutamate (VGLUTs) sont impliqués dans la recapture du glutamate du cytosol vers les vésicules présynaptiques. Depuis leurs caractérisations récentes en 2000, leurs implications dans plusieurs maladies neurodégénératives ont été démontrées. Ils jouent ainsi un rôle primordial dans la transmission nerveuse glutamatergique. Deux colorants naturels, le Rose Bengale et le Bleu Trypan, restent les meilleurs inhibiteurs connus à ce jour, avec respectivement des CI50 de 25 et 50 nM. Dans un premier temps, nous avons conçu et optimisé une série d’analogues basée sur le synthon Rose Bengale (inhibiteur non-compétitif). Ce travail a notamment permis de mettre en évidence l’effet des formes tautomères (quinone et lactone) sur l’inhibition des VGLUTs. Ainsi la forme quinonique, présente à pH physiologique, a été confirmée comme étant la seule capable de bloquer la recapture du glutamate. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la famille du Bleu Trypan (inhibiteur compétitif) et nous avons déterminé la structure minimale active avec l’objectif de rendre ces molécules plus « drug-like ». En effet, l’intérêt de ce projet est de développer de petites structures aisément radiomarquables pour une utilisation dans un contexte physio-pathologique. / Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are involved in the recapture and storage of glutamate from cytol to secretory synaptic vesicules. Since their recent characterization in 2000, their implication in several neurodegenerative disorders have been demonstrated. They play a crucial role in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Natural dyes, such as Rose Bengal and Tryptan Blue are the best known inhibitors with IC50 values of 25 and 50 nM, respectively. Firstly, we designed and optimized a series of analogues based on the synthon Rose Bengal (non-competitive inhibitor). This work has especially enabled to highlight the effect of tautomeric forms (quinone and lactone) on the inhibition of VGLUTs. Thus, the quinone form, present at physiological pH, was confirmed as the only able to block the reuptake of glutamate. Secondly, we have been interested in the family of Trypan Blue (competitive inhibitor) and we determined the minimal active structure in order to render these molecules more "drug-like". Indeed, the interest of this project is to develop small structures easily radiomarquable to use in a physiopathological context.

A la fois lieu commun du raisonnement et cliché discursif - selon la distinction opérée par Remy de Gourmont pour qui le lieu commun renvoie à la banalité de l'Idée, tandis que le cliché représente la matérialité même de la phrase -, l'antienne de l'influence du Roman de la Rose sur les arts figurés au Moyen Âge est devenue l'une de ces nombreuses redondances argumentatives sustentant régulièrement la rhétorique en histoire de l'art. Partie de ce constat inflationniste et du désir de vérifier le bien-fondé d'une hypothèse iconographique reliant le Roman de la Rose à la tenture de la Dame à la Licorne, cette enquête a essayé de mettre en exergue le danger des lieux communs de l'interprétation en histoire de l'art, et plus particulièrement de ceux faisant un usage inconsidéré du texte de Guillaume de Lorris et Jean de Meung. / Both discursive cliché and commonplace reasoning – according to the distinction made by Remy de Gourmot for whom the commonplace refers to the banality of the Idea while the cliché is the very materiality of the sentence – the anthem of the Roman de la Rose's influence on figurative arts in the Middle Ages became one of those many redundancies regulary invoked in argumentative rhetoric. Provoked by this observation and by the desire to check the relevance of an iconographic hypothesis linking the Roman de la Rose to the tapestry of the Lady and the Unicorn, this investigation has tried to highlight the danger of the interpretation commonplaces in Art History, especially those making a reckless use of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung's poem.

Gut regulatory peptides, such as neuropeptides and incretins, play important roles in hunger, satiety and gastrointestinal motility, and possibly mucosal permeability. Many peptides secreted by myenteric nerves that regulate motor control are also produced in mucosal epithelial cells. Derangements in motility and mucosal permeability occur in many diseases. Current knowledge is fragmentary regarding gut peptide actions and mechanisms in motility and permeability. This thesis aimed to 1) develop probes and methods for gut permeability testing, 2) elucidate the role of neuropeptide S (NPS) in motility and permeability, 3) characterize nitrergic muscle relaxation and 4) characterize mechanisms of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and the drug ROSE-010 (GLP-1 analog) in motility inhibition. A rapid fluorescent permeability test was developed using riboflavin as a transcellular transport probe and the bisboronic acid 4,4'oBBV coupled to the fluorophore HPTS as a sensor for lactulose, a paracellular permeability probe. This yielded a lactulose:riboflavin ratio test. NPS induced muscle relaxation and increased permeability through NO-dependent mechanisms. Organ bath studies revealed that NPS induced NO-dependent muscle relaxation that was tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive. In addition to the epithelium, NPS and its receptor NPSR1 localized at myenteric nerves. Circulating NPS was too low to activate NPSR1, indicating NPS uses local autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Nitrergic signaling inhibition by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NMMA elicited premature duodenojejunal phase III contractions in migrating motility complex (MMC) in humans. L-NMMA shortened MMC cycle length, suppressed phase I and shifted motility towards phase II. Pre-treatment with atropine extended phase II, while ondansetron had no effect. Intestinal contractions were stimulated by L-NMMA, but not TTX. NOS immunoreactivity was detected in the myenteric plexus but not smooth muscle. Food-intake increased motility of human antrum, duodenum and jejunum. GLP-1 and ROSE-010 relaxed bethanechol-induced contractions in muscle strips. Relaxation was blocked by GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39) amide, L-NMMA, adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2´5´-dideoxyadenosine or TTX. GLP-1R and GLP-2R were expressed in myenteric neurons, but not muscle. In conclusion, rapid chemistries for permeability were developed while physiological mechanisms of NPS, nitrergic and GLP-1 and ROSE-010 signaling were revealed. In the case of NPS, a tight synchrony between motility and permeability was found.

4 pp. / This publication contains guidelines for watering, cultivating and fertilizing roses. It also contains Monthly check sheet for rose care.

Contrary to many major sporting leagues such as the NHL, NFL, NBA, and MLB, or the Olympic Games as a whole, the professional tennis industry has not been individually scrutinized in terms of governance, social control, and surveillance practices. This thesis presents an in-depth account of the major governing bodies of the professional tennis circuit with the aim of examining how they govern, control, constrain, and practice surveillance on tennis athletes and their bodies. Foucault’s major theoretical concepts of disciplinary power, governmentality, and bio-power are found relevant today and can be enhanced by Rose’s ethico-politics model and Haggerty and Ericson’s surveillant assemblage. However, it is also shown how Foucault, Rose, and Haggerty and Ericson’s different accounts of “modes of governing” perpetuate sociological predicaments of professional tennis players within late capitalism. These modes of surveillance are founded on a meritocracy based on the ATP and WTA rankings systems. A player’s ranking affects how he or she is governed, surveilled, controlled, and even punished. Despite ostensibly promoting tennis athletes’ health protection and wellbeing, the systems of surveillance, governance, and control rely on a biased and capitalistically-driven meritocracy that actually jeopardizes athletes’ health and contributes to social class divisions, socio-economic inequalities, gender discrimination, and media pressure. Through the use of top-players’ accounts, it is also shown how some players resist certain governing, controlling, and surveillance practices designed for their benefit, while others understand and accept the resultant constraints as part of their choice to be a professional tennis player. / Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2013-11-12 09:25:44.284

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cgastal.pdf: 441050 bytes, checksum: 2ab4710370a83491db4b19261a1beeae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-27 / Objectives To estimate the prevalence of angina and its associated factors among residents living in the urban area of the city of Pelotas. Materials and Method A transversal study was carried out among 1327 people aged 40 and above who lived in the urban area of Pelotas. The diagnosis of angina was based on the answers to a cardiovascular questionnaire provided by the World Health Organisation (the Rose Questionnaire). Socioeconomic situations, demographics, physical exercise, alcohol use, smoking habits and antropometric information were obtained for use in the associated factors study. Results Possible Rose Angina was found in 21.7% of the population under scrutiny while angina was detected in 11.5%. The variables that showed a significant association with angina were as follows: the female sex, colour (not white), widowhood, low level of education, lower socioeconomic class, obesity, increased abdominal girth, smoking, diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension. There was no association with age, the number of cigarettes smoked per day or the use of alcohol.Conclusions The results presented a prevalence of diagnosed angina according to the Rose Questionnaire and associated risk factors that were similar to those stated in the literature. / Objetivos Estimar a prevalência de angina de peito e fatores a ela associados em moradores da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas. Material e Método Realizado um estudo transversal que incluiu 1327 pessoas com idade igual ou superior a quarenta anos, moradoras na zona urbana de Pelotas. O diagnóstico de angina baseou-se nas respostas ao questionário cardiovascular da Organização Mundial da Saúde (Questionário de Rose). Dados das situações socioeconômicas, demográficas, realização de exercícios físicos, uso de álcool e tabagismo e informações antropométricas foram obtidos para o estudo de associações. Resultados A Angina de Rose possível foi encontrada em 21,7 % da população estudada e angina definida em 11,5%. As variáveis que mostraram associação significativa com angina foram: sexo feminino, cor (não branca), viuvez, menor escolaridade, menor classe socioeconômica, obesidade, circunferência abdominal aumentada, tabagismo, diabete e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Não houve associação com a idade, número de cigarros consumidos por dia ou uso de bebidas alcoólicas.Conclusões Os resultados mostram uma prevalência de angina diagnosticada pelo questionário de Rose e associação com fatores de risco similares aos relatados na literatura.

Faculty of Science School of Geography,Archaeology and Enviromental Studies 0310392a smami2003@yahoo.co.uk / Points are often the most abundant retouched lithics in MSA collections yet very little research has been done on their functions, especially in southern Africa where it has always been assumed that points were spears. This paper reports on the results of a technological analysis of two types of points from Rose Cottage Cave, South Africa. The study aims at examining the possibility that thick, broad points from various post-Howiesons Poort layers dating between 50 000 and 28 000 years ago were used as spearheads that were thrust at prey, while the narrow, thin points from one of the final MSA layers, Dc, (between 31 000 and 29 000 years old), were used as arrowheads that may have transported poison to prey. The results indicate that the former type of points were more likely to have been used as spearheads while the latter type were more likely to have been arrowheads.

A produção de rosas em ambiente protegido sob fertirrigação é uma técnica bastante utilizada pelos produtores e vem se expandindo consideravelmente, principalmente no Estado de São Paulo; cultivo este antes restrito a região Sudeste, hoje se encontra em todas as regiões do País. O manejo adequado da irrigação associado à fertirrigação nitrogenada é um fator relevante nos parâmetros de produtividade e de qualidade das rosas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade das hastes florais na cultura da roseira, variedade Samourai® Meikatana, submetida a diferentes níveis de depleção da água no solo e doses de nitrogênio aplicadas via fertirrigação sob cultivo em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Biossistemas da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", em Piracicaba, SP. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, totalizando 16 tratamentos, com 4 repetições, sendo a unidade experimental representada por uma parcela com dimensões de 0,4 x 0,5 x 2,0 m. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de quatro doses de nitrogênio (N1 = 5, N2 = 10, N3 = 15 e N4 = 20 g planta-1 ano-1) e quatro níveis de depleção da água no solo (F1 = 0,15; F2 = 0,30; F3 = 0,45 e F4 = 0,60). O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi o gotejamento, adotando manejo de irrigação com tensiômetros providos de transdutores de pressão. Ao longo do ciclo da cultura foi realizado o monitoramento da condutividade elétrica (CE), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e a concentração de nitrato (NO3-) e potássio (K) na solução coletada. Foram avaliados a produtividade, os parâmetros qualitativos das hastes e botões, a temperatura e o potencial da água na folha, o consumo hídrico, a produtividade da água, o teor de nutrientes no tecido vegetal e a renda bruta. Os resultados demostram que a dose de N que maximiza a produção comercial de hastes decresce à medida que se prolongam as colheitas. O estresse hídrico temporário (depleção) afeta negativamente os parâmetros quantitativos e qualitativos das hastes de rosas. A produção e a qualidade das hastes são mais afetadas pelas doses de nitrogênio do que pelos níveis de depleção da água no solo. A temperatura foliar e o potencial da água na folha são afetados pelos níveis de depleção e não são influenciados pelas doses de nitrogênio. O consumo hídrico é afetado por ambos os fatores estudados. A produtividade da água em hastes aumenta em função dos fatores doses de N e depleção da água no solo. Os tratamentos promoveram diferenças significativas na fitomassa e no teor de N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S no tecido vegetal das hastes florais de rosas. / The production of roses in protected environment under fertigation is a technique used by farmers and has expanded considerably, especially in the state of São Paulo, Brazil; this culture, previously limited to the Southeast region of Brazil, today is found in all regions of the country. Proper management of irrigation associated to nitrogenated fertigation is an important factor in productivity parameters and quality of cut roses. The aims of this study was to evaluate the productivity and quality of the flowers in the rose bush, \"Samourai® Meikatana\", variety, under different soil water depletion factors and nitrogen levels applied through fertigation under cultivation in protected environment. The experiment was carried in the experimental area of the Biosystems Engineering Department, School of Agriculture \"Luiz de Queiroz\", in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, totaling 16 treatments, with four replications and plot with dimensions of 0.4 x 0.5 x 2.0 m. The treatments consisted of combinations of four nitrogen levels (N1 = 5, N2 = 10, N3 = 15 and N4 = 20 g plant-1 year-1) and four levels of soil water depletion (F1 = 0.15 ; F2 = 0.30, F3 = 0.45 and F4 = 0.60). The application of water and nutrients (fertigation) was performed when the soil water availability reached these percentages. The irrigation system used was drip irrigation adopting management with tensiometers equipped with pressure transducers. Throughout the crop cycle was performed monitoring of electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH) and concentration of nitrate (NO3-) and potassium (K) in the soil solution. The yield, the qualitative parameters of the stems and buds of cut roses, leaf temperature and water potential, water consumption, water productivity, nutrient content in plant tissue and gross income was evaluated. The dose of N which maximizes the commercial production of cut flowers decreases as it extends harvest. The temporary water stress (depletion) negatively affects the quantitative and qualitative parameters of cut roses. The production and quality of cut roses are more affected by nitrogen levels than by the soil water depletion. Leaf temperature and leaf water potential are affected by levels of depletion and are not influenced by the nitrogen levels. The water consumption is affected by both studied factors. Water productivity in cut roses increases due to the N levels and soil water depletion factors. The treatments promoted significant differences in phytomass and content of N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S in plant tissue of the roses floral stems.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Also available in print.

Cette thèse exploite les données de haute fréquence, plus proches des « vrais » processus de prix, mais qui engendrent un certain nombre de problèmes techniques qui nous permettent de réexaminer certains modèles d'évaluation des actifs financiers et la gestion des risques financiers. Nous commençons par explorer un phénomène dénommé « Rose des vents » découvert par Crack et Ledoit (1996) caractérisant les échanges à très haute fréquence. Cette question a déjà fait l'objet de plusieurs études qui n'ont pu complètement caractériser les conditions de cette structure sur quelques titres du marché français. Nous montrons dans un deuxième essai que la précision d'une mesure de risque efficiente, appelée Valeur-en-risque, est améliorée lorsqu'on utilise des données de haute fréquence. Nous exploitons une Analyse en Composants Indépendantes pour extraire les facteurs de risques, et nous montrons qu'elle donne des résultats plus robustes, hors échantillon, qu'une extraction par composantes principales. Nous généralisons ensuite les modèles traditionnels d'évaluation des prix des actifs aux moments d'ordres supérieurs « réalisés ». Nous montrons que cette généralisation améliore sensiblement les estimations. Nous terminons cette thèse par une extension sur l'extraction d'un temps d'échanges implicite qui permet de retrouver une distribution Gaussienne des rendements. Nous obtenons, à partir d'une méthode d'optimisation directe, un temps implicite sur plusieurs titres du marché français des actions.