Uppsatsen analyserar de fem närmsta familjekaraktärerna i tre kapitelböcker av RoseLagercrantz och Eva Erikssons populära bokserie om Dunne. Böckerna som analyseras ärMitt lyckliga liv (2010), Lycklig den som Dunne får (2018) samt Kärlek är bättre än ingenkärlek (2019). Syftet med studien är att analysera vilka karaktärsdrag familjekaraktärerna harsamt att dra paralleller mellan familjekaraktärernas egenskaper och Dunnes handlingar ochlivsval. Uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkt är en kvalitativ textanalys med fokus påkaraktärer och dess uppbyggnad. I karaktärsanalysen har litteraturvetarna Maria Nikolajeva(2017) och Lena Kårelands (2015) verktyg för karaktärsanalyser använts. Analysen visar attde aktuella karaktärerna både är stereotyper och komplexa sammansättningar.Familjekaraktärerna påverkar Dunnes handlingar i oväntade riktningar. Studien visar också attbokserien om Dunne är en bra utgångspunkt i undervisningssammanhang om olikafamiljekonstellationer för grundskolans yngre åldrar.

A carência de instrumentos de pesquisa que avaliem a qualidade do ensino de ciências no Brasil é latente. A aplicação no Brasil de um instrumento internacional que permita avaliar os interesses e as posturas de jovens estudantes frente às ciências e tecnologias (C&T) é o principal objetivo deste trabalho e um passo importante na discussão desta questão. O ROSE - The Relevance of Science Education é um questionário aplicado a alunos da faixa dos 15 anos de diversos países que nos auxilia a confirmar hipóteses, entender padrões e a traçar tendências sobre o ensino de ciências. O desenvolvimento de uma versão brasileira do questionário ROSE, possibilitou este estudo no País. O instrumento foi aplicado em 2007 a 652 alunos das cidades de São Caetano do Sul/SP e Tangará da Serra/MT, trazendo elementos objetivos sobre a realidade do ensino de ciências em contextos brasileiros bem diversos. O estudo revelou que estes jovens acham a disciplina ciências interessante, mas por outro lado, têm um baixo interesse em exercer ciência profissionalmente. Suas análises evidenciam também a grande preferência das meninas por assuntos relacionados à saúde enquanto que a preferência masculina é por temas de tecnologia e física, ao lado daqueles vinculados à proteção ambiental. No outro extremo, existe um desinteresse, de meninos e meninas, nas questões de botânica e agricultura, bem como naquelas relacionadas à história da Ciência. Estes jovens alunos reconhecem a importância e se interessam pelas questões e desafios ambientais. Os alunos paulistas incluem-se como responsáveis pelas questões do meio ambiente e cobram maior envolvimento da sociedade na proteção ambiental, não acreditam que as C&T possam resolver todos estes problemas, mas são muito esperançosos em relação ao futuro do planeta e da humanidade. Os estudantes matogrossenses, diferentemente, excluem-se das responsabilidades pelos problemas ambientais e colocam nas mãos dos especialistas reger as mudanças necessárias, acreditam no poder das C&T para tais mudanças, mas declaramse menos confiantes no seu sucesso. O ROSE traz claras evidencias de que o ensino de ciências carece de mudanças e colabora com a intenção de redefinir as prioridades brasileiras para seu aprimoramento. Revela dados que, somados àqueles já registrados em pesquisas anteriores, permitem levar - com segurança - a discussão adiante. / The lack of research tools which really evaluate the quality of science teaching in Brazil is concealed. The application of an international instrument which grants the evaluation of young students\' interests and postures towards sciences and technologies (S&T) is the main purpose of this work as well as an important step related to the discussion of this issue. ROSE - The Relevance of Science Education - is a questionnaire applied to 15-yearold students from several countries which helps us confirm hypothesis, understand patterns and outline tendencies as to the teaching of sciences. The development of a Brazilian version of the ROSE questionnaire enabled this study in the country. The device was applied in 2007 to 652 students in the cities of São Caetano do Sul/São Paulo State and Tangará da Serra/Mato Grosso State, helping emerge objective elements about the reality of science teaching in quite different Brazilian contexts (urban/industrialized x rural/agricultural). The study revealed that these youngsters evaluate science study as interesting; however, the possibility of taking science as a professional career has shown low interest. Their analysis also made it clear that most girls show more interest in topics related to health while boys give preference for themes related to technology and physics, as well as those entailed to environmental protection. On the other hand, neither boys nor girls show much interest in botany or agriculture, much less in those related to Science History. These young students recognize the importance of and are interested in environmental matters and challenges. The São Paulo students accept their responsibility as to environmental issues and claim for a society\'s bigger involvement with environmental protection; they do not believe that the S&T can solve all these problems, either. However, they are full of hope towards the future of the planet and mankind. The students of the state of Mato Grosso, differently, do not include themselves as responsible for environmental problems and relegate to specialists the duty of taking the necessary changes. They also believe in the S&T power in terms of these changes; however, they confess to be less trustful in their success. The ROSE opens up clear evidences that science teaching needs changes and contributes to the intention of re-defining Brazilian priorities for the refinement of science teaching. It reveals data that, added to the ones already enrolled in previous researches, allow the follow-up of the discussion of this theme in safe grounds.

Syftet med studien är att genom en semiotiskt bildanalys och genusvetenskaplig ansats undersöka hur det kroppspositivistiska bikiniföretaget Elsa and Rose Swimwear framställer kvinnan i sin marknadsföring på Instagram. Då tidigare forskning kring kvinnlig framställning i reklam till stor del fokuserat på endast kroppsstorlek och attraktivitet har vi valt att inkludera analysverktyg som pose, gaze, samt etnicitet och hud. Detta för att bidra med ny kunskap om kvinnlig framställning inom reklam och sociala medier. Genom att studera sju bilder, som alla publicerades under 2018, på Elsa and Rose Swimwears Instagram-konto har vi undersökt hur kvinnan framställs, samt om och hur denna framställning av kvinnan skiljer sig från den normativa kvinnan som vanligtvis syns i media. Studiens resultat visar att ingen av de sju bilder som ingick i analysen demonstrerar “den perfekta kvinnan”, som vanligtvis syns i medier och reklamsammanhang. Ingen av kvinnorna i bilderna innehar alltså alla normativa attribut, som till exempel både en extremt smal kropp och perfekt hud. Bildernas huvudsakliga syfte är således inte att marknadsföra sina produkter med hjälp av normativa kvinnokroppar, utan att genom sin marknadsföring även sprida budskap om att alla kroppar är värda att synas i media, oavsett storlek, hudton och utseendemässiga attribut. Slutligen sänder kvinnorna huvudsakligen signaler av självsäkerhet och kontroll genom sina blickar och poseringar, vilket demonstrerar deras medvetenhet om åskådaren. Resultatet i den här studien visar således att det kroppspositivistiska bikiniföretaget Elsa and Rose Swimwears huvudsakliga framställning av kvinnan skiljer sig från den traditionella och normativa kvinnan som vanligtvis syns i media. / The purpose of the study is to, through semiotic analysis and gender theory, investigate in which way the body-positive bikini company Elsa and Rose Swimwear is representing women in their Instagram marketing. Since earlier research on female representation in advertising is largely focused on body size and attractiveness, we have in this study chosen to include analysis tools such as pose, gaze, as well as ethnicity and skin. This will contribute to new knowledge on female representation in commercials and on social media. By studying seven images, all posted in 2018, on Elsa and Rose Swimwear's Instagram account, we have investigated how women are represented as well as whether and how this representation differs from the normative female image usually seen in media. The result of the study shows that none of the seven images included in the analysis display "the perfect woman" that is usually seen in media and advertising. None of the women in the pictures possess all the normative attributes, such as both an extremely thin body and perfect skin. We find that the main purpose of the images is not to for the company to market their products with normative women's bodies, but rather market their products while spreading a message saying that all bodies are worth being seen in media, regardless of size, skin tone and appearance. Finally, the women in the pictures communicate self-confidence and control through their gazes and poses, and therefore demonstrating their consciousness of the observer. The result of the study shows that the body-positive bikini company Elsa and Rose Swimwear's main representation of women differs from the traditional and normative female image.

Les roses à fleurs doubles attirent sélectionneurs et scientifiques depuis de nombreux siècles. L’analyse des taux de ségrégation et cartes génétiques indique que le passage de la fleur simple à la fleur double est dû à une seule mutation dominante située sur le chromosome 3. Cette mutation conduit à une conversion homéotique d’une partie des étamines en pétales, soulignant la possibilité que cette mutation impacte certains gènes du modèle ABC. Il y a quelques années, notre équipe a démontré que l’augmentation du nombre de pétales chez le rosier était corrélée à une restriction de l’expression de RcAGAMOUS (RcAG) vers le centre du méristème floral. Cependant, RcAG étant porté par le chromosome 5, il ne peut être le déterminant génétique de la fleur double. Il a donc été supposé que la mutation en cause se trouvait dans un gène intervenant en amont de RcAG.Récemment, nous avons séquencé, assemblé et publié le génome de Rosa chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ un ancêtre des rosiers modernes qui produit déjà des fleurs doubles. L’assemblage, de très bonne qualité, nous a aidé à reconstruire la séquence des deux haplotypes de l'intervalle contenant la mutation liée à la fleur double. Nous avons identifié, parmi les 631 gènes de cet intervalle, un gène APETALA2-LIKE (RcAP2L) comme candidat plus que prometteur. En effet, il a été découvert que ce gène existait sous la forme de deux allèles, l’un d’entre eux contenant un grand élément transposable, donnant lieu à un allèle tronqué résistant à l’inhibition par miR172, appelé RcAP2LΔ172. Sachant que la surexpression d’un variant résistant au miR172 entraîne souvent la formation de pétales supplémentaires chez A. thaliana, j’ai démontré que la présence de ce variant corrèle avec le phénotype « fleur double » chez les rosiers d’origine chinoise. Enfin, alors qu’AP2 est capable d’inhiber l’expression d’AG en se liant directement à ses séquences régulatrices chez A. thaliana, j’ai confirmé la capacité des protéines codées par les deux allèles de RcAP2L à lier les séquences régulatrices de RcAG, in vitro. À partir de ces résultats, je propose donc un modèle pouvant expliquer la formation de fleurs doubles chez les rosiers chinois et peut-être d’autres Rosaceae, dans lesquelles la protéine RcAP2LΔ172 peut s’accumuler du fait de sa résistance au miR172 et restreindre davantage l’expression de RcAG au centre du méristème floral. Ainsi, la frontière entre les domaines A et C se trouve elle aussi déplacée vers le centre du méristème, ce qui induit la conversion des étamines en pétales. / Roses exhibiting double flowers have intrigued both breeders and scientists for decades. Based on segregation ratios and genetic maps, it is known that the switch from simple to double flower is due a single dominant locus on chromosome 3. When present in its mutated form, this locus leads to a homeotic conversion of stamens into petals, suggesting a mechanism involving the ABC genes. A few years ago, our team demonstrated that the increase in petal number correlates with a restriction of RCAGAMOUS (RcAG) expression domain towards the center of the floral meristem. However, as RcAG is located on chromosome 5, the causative mutation was assumed to act as a regulator of this gene. Recently, we sequenced, assembled and published the double-flowered Rosa chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ genome sequence with a high-quality assembly that helped us to reconstruct the sequence of the two haplotypes of the interval containing the double flower mutation. Among the 631 genes from this interval, we identified here an APETALA2-LIKE (RcAP2L) gene as a strong candidate. Indeed, this gene was found to exist as two alleles, with one containing a large transposable element resulting in a truncated, miR172-resistant, variant named RcAP2LΔ172. Knowing that the overexpression of a miR172-resistant variant of AP2 leads to the formation of extra petals (and sometimes stamens) in Arabidopsis, we investigated the presence of this variant in simple and double flower varieties. The presence of RcAP2LΔ172 was found to correlate with the double flower phenotype in Chinese roses and was not observed in any of the simple-flowered roses studied. Finally, as AP2 is able to inhibit AG expression by directly binding to its regulatory sequences in A. thaliana, I confirmed that both RcAP2L proteins are also able to recognize RcAG regulatory sequences in vitro. A working model is thus proposed for double flower formation in rose, that could be valid for other Rosaceae, whereby RcAP2LΔ172 protein may accumulate due to its resistance to miR172 and consequently may repress more RcAG towards the center of the floral meristem, leading to the sliding of the A/C border and thus the conversion of stamens into petals.

Esta dissertação focaliza dois textos do escritor William Faulkner, considerado pela crítica como um dos expoentes das experimentações modernistas. O primeiro a ser estudado aqui é A Rose for Emily, uma short story publicada em 1930; o segundo é Absalom, Absalom!, um romance de 1936. O objetivo é investigar se no trabalho de Faulkner pode ser encontrado um narrador por excelência, partindo do conceito apresentado por Walter Benjamin em seu estudo The storyteller: reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov. Minha proposta é levantar a questão do fim da comunicabilidade da experiência do narrador para então sugerir que, ao contrário do que Benjamin afirma, a arte de narrar não chegou ao fim. Meu argumento é de que as narrativas de Faulkner evidenciam sua arte de narrar imbricada com seu uso de ponto de vista. A experiência e a experimentação de Faulkner enquanto escritor são investigadas neste trabalho, principalmente sua manipulação do uso de ponto de vista, e são analisadas à luz de conceitos desenvolvidos por Walter Benjamin, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette, Mieke Bal, entre outros. Os resultados desta pesquisa destacam que o trabalho de Faulkner com ponto de vista pode ser considerado muito mais que um mero experimento modernista, pois sua experiência como escritor proveniente do Sul dos Estados Unidos tem impacto nessa experimentação. A memória individual e coletiva, a transmissão de experiência, o contar e o recontar de histórias dos narradores, são fatores importantes para a construção de significado nas narrativas estudadas. Além disso, ao discutir a significação de sua obra, tanto no aspecto formal quanto no aspecto relativo ao contexto geográfico e literário de seu tempo e lugar, espero contribuir com mais um olhar sobre as estratégias narrativas de Faulkner, escritor que, ainda hoje, fomenta investigação e produção acadêmica significativa, justamente por conseguir construir círculos narrativos que apresentam narradores por excelência. / This thesis brings into focus two texts by William Faulkner, a writer who has been praised as one of the exponents at modernist experimentations. The first one to be studied here is A Rose for Emily, a short story published in 1930; the second is Absalom, Absalom!, a novel from 1936. The objective is to investigate whether a genuine storyteller can be found in Faulkner‘s work, supported by the concept presented by Walter Benjamin in his essay The storyteller: reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov. My aim is to raise the question of the end of communicability of experience in order to suggest that, contrary to what Benjamin affirms, the art of storytelling has not reached its end. My argument is that Faulkner‘s narratives evidence his storytelling art as being imbricated with his use of point of view. Faulkner‘s experience and experimentation as a writer are investigated here, principally his manipulation with the use of point of view, and they are analyzed in the light of the concepts developed by Walter Benjamin, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette, Mieke Bal, and others. The results of this research highlight that Faulkner‘s work with point of view is to be considered much more than merely a modernist experimentation, because his experience as a writer from the South of the United States has impact on this experimentation. Individual and collective memory, transmission of experience, narrators telling and retelling stories, are important factors for the construction of meaning in the narratives studied here. Moreover, by discussing the meaningfulness of his work, whether in its formal aspect or in the aspect related to the geographic and literary context of its time and place, I expect to contribute with yet another look into the narrative strategies employed by Faulkner, a writer that, still today, fosters academic investigation and production, exactly for being able to construct telling circles that present genuine storytellers.

Cette thèse sur l’histoire des rosiéristes lyonnais entre 1820 et 1939 s’articule autour de plusieurs problématiques : l’individu et l’exploitation familiale, l’activité commerciale et les goûts des consommateurs, et l’action collective d’une profession qui se démarque progressivement au sein du monde horticole. De l’apparition des premières spécialisations, vers 1820, au déclin de l’activité rosicole pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, la périodisation souligne l’âge d’or de la rosiculture française matérialisée, entre autre, par la formation de lignées professionnelles tout au long du XIXe siècle. L’étude se propose de reconstituer les divers aspects, chronologiques, entrepreneuriaux, socio-économiques, techniques ou culturels de l’activité et apporte des éléments explicatifs à la compréhension du travail des obtenteurs : ceux-ci appartiennent à l’excellence du monde horticole et sont, à ce titre, sujets de l’histoire des élites – il s’agit ici d’élites professionnelles. Grâce aux archives des établissements — livres de comptes, registres d’expédition, correspondances commerciales — la thèse met à jour les évolutions du marché du rosier et montre comment une activité marginale, ignorée des statistiques officielles, se développe par l’intermédiaire d’un réseau commercial étendu. Pour ce faire, le diaporama des acheteurs et l’examen d’une clientèle élitaire et mondaine permettent de décrypter la consommation d’une époque et l’émergence de nouveaux codes esthétiques articulés autour d’un produit qui renvoie à des pratiques culturelles et à des constructions sociales et identitaires. L’exploitation des données quantifiées relatives à la structuration du marché, l’identification nominative de la clientèle et la périodisation des modes en matière de roses, illustrée par une exploitation statistique des préférences des acheteurs, confèrent à cette thèse une démarche neuve et originale. L’analyse des logiques économiques et sociales qui ont influencé la réussite puis le recul du secteur rosicole donne à voir le fonctionnement d’une filière artisanale, son évolution quantitative et qualitative et l’organisation d’un marché à vaste échelle, soutenu par un savoir-faire garant de la qualité du produit et du choix de l’acheteur. Certaines de ces micro-entreprises consolident leur position par une politique dynamique faisant interagir mécanismes de vente et talents créatifs en adoptant des pratiques commerciales relativement modernes pour répondre à un accroissement et une diversification progressive des transactions commerciales. Quant à la mise en adéquation du marché de l’offre et de celui de la demande, elle montre un élargissement de la clientèle lié aux transformations économiques et culturelles provoquées par l’évolution des loisirs dans la majorité des catégories sociales qui voient dans la culture des fleurs une activité de détente et un moyen d’embellir le cadre de vie. Au fil de la réflexion se déclinent de nouvelles préférences florales établies autour de considérations esthétiques qui ne sont pas sans rapport avec la mise en scène ornementale que les architectes paysagistes s’attachent à reproduire. La nouveauté du coloris n’est-elle pas un constitutif déterminant dans le succès d’une variété ? En ce sens, l’engouement en faveur de la rose jaune informe sur les codes de l’élégance qui se généralisent dans les jardins. La colorimétrie dominante constitue donc un observatoire privilégié des sensibilités et des mutations esthétiques et allégoriques qui s’inscrivent au cœur d’une histoire des représentations. Dans un autre versant, l’enquête prosopographique révèle des relations économiques et familiales solidement imbriquées et livre des éléments explicatifs sur la réalité de la petite exploitation et sur les mécanismes comportementaux qui président à la constitution d’une culture familiale.... / This thesis on the story of Lyon’s roses’ breeders between 1820 and 1939 focuses on several issues: the individual and the family farm, the commercial activity and consumers’ tastes, and the collective action of a profession which gradually stands apart from the horticultural world. From the apparition of first specializations around 1820 to the decline of the activity related to roses during the interwar, the periodization highlights the golden age of French roses’ culture materialized, among others, by the formation of professional lines throughout the nineteenth century. This study proposes to reconstruct various aspects, historical, entrepreneurial, socio-economic, technical or cultural of the activity and provides explanatory material in order to understand the work of breeders: they belong to the excellence of the horticultural world and are, as such, subject to the history of elites – we are talking here of professional elites: With the archives of companies – account books, shipping records, professional correspondence – the thesis updates the developments of the roses’ market and shows how a marginal activity, ignored by official statistics, develops through an extensive sales network. In order to do so, the overview of buyers and the examination of an elitist and fashionable clients permits to decrypts the consumption of an epoch and the emergence of new aesthetic codes articulated around a product that refers to cultural practices and social and identity constructions. The exploitation of quantified data about the market’s structuration, the nominal identification of clients and the periodization of roses’ trends, illustrated by a statistical analysis of the preferences of buyers, give to this thesis a new and original approach. The analysis of economic and social logics that have influenced the success and the decline of the roses’ sector show the functioning of a traditional industry, its quantitative and qualitative evolution and the organization of a large-scale market, supported by a know-how which guarantees the quality of the product and the choice of the buyer. Some of those micro-companies consolidate their position by choosing a dynamic policy using and combining both sales’ mechanisms and creative talents, taking relatively modern business practices in response to a gradual increase and diversification of commercial transactions. Concerning the matching of supply and demand, it shows a broadening of the customer, which is related to the economic and cultural changes brought about by the expansion of leisure in most social groups who see the flowers ’culture as a relaxing activity and a way to beautify the living environment. Throughout the reflexion, new floral preferences established have been declined; around aesthetic considerations which are not unrelated with the development of ornamental staging which landscape architects strive to reproduce. Isn’t the novelty of a colour a preeminent element determining the success of a variety? In this sense, the enthusiasm for the yellow rose lets us know about codes of elegance that became widespread in the gardens. The colorimetry is therefore a privileged observatory of sensibilities and aesthetic and allegorical mutations that join the heart of a history of representations.In another side, the prosopographic survey reveals economic and family relationships securely nested and delivers explanatory elements of the reality of small farm functioning and behavioural mechanisms that govern the formation of a family culture. De facto, this work aims to provide a contribution to the understanding of the historical genesis of a professional group, whose history is constructed in terms of lineage and genealogy....

Esta dissertação focaliza dois textos do escritor William Faulkner, considerado pela crítica como um dos expoentes das experimentações modernistas. O primeiro a ser estudado aqui é A Rose for Emily, uma short story publicada em 1930; o segundo é Absalom, Absalom!, um romance de 1936. O objetivo é investigar se no trabalho de Faulkner pode ser encontrado um narrador por excelência, partindo do conceito apresentado por Walter Benjamin em seu estudo The storyteller: reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov. Minha proposta é levantar a questão do fim da comunicabilidade da experiência do narrador para então sugerir que, ao contrário do que Benjamin afirma, a arte de narrar não chegou ao fim. Meu argumento é de que as narrativas de Faulkner evidenciam sua arte de narrar imbricada com seu uso de ponto de vista. A experiência e a experimentação de Faulkner enquanto escritor são investigadas neste trabalho, principalmente sua manipulação do uso de ponto de vista, e são analisadas à luz de conceitos desenvolvidos por Walter Benjamin, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette, Mieke Bal, entre outros. Os resultados desta pesquisa destacam que o trabalho de Faulkner com ponto de vista pode ser considerado muito mais que um mero experimento modernista, pois sua experiência como escritor proveniente do Sul dos Estados Unidos tem impacto nessa experimentação. A memória individual e coletiva, a transmissão de experiência, o contar e o recontar de histórias dos narradores, são fatores importantes para a construção de significado nas narrativas estudadas. Além disso, ao discutir a significação de sua obra, tanto no aspecto formal quanto no aspecto relativo ao contexto geográfico e literário de seu tempo e lugar, espero contribuir com mais um olhar sobre as estratégias narrativas de Faulkner, escritor que, ainda hoje, fomenta investigação e produção acadêmica significativa, justamente por conseguir construir círculos narrativos que apresentam narradores por excelência. / This thesis brings into focus two texts by William Faulkner, a writer who has been praised as one of the exponents at modernist experimentations. The first one to be studied here is A Rose for Emily, a short story published in 1930; the second is Absalom, Absalom!, a novel from 1936. The objective is to investigate whether a genuine storyteller can be found in Faulkner‘s work, supported by the concept presented by Walter Benjamin in his essay The storyteller: reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov. My aim is to raise the question of the end of communicability of experience in order to suggest that, contrary to what Benjamin affirms, the art of storytelling has not reached its end. My argument is that Faulkner‘s narratives evidence his storytelling art as being imbricated with his use of point of view. Faulkner‘s experience and experimentation as a writer are investigated here, principally his manipulation with the use of point of view, and they are analyzed in the light of the concepts developed by Walter Benjamin, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette, Mieke Bal, and others. The results of this research highlight that Faulkner‘s work with point of view is to be considered much more than merely a modernist experimentation, because his experience as a writer from the South of the United States has impact on this experimentation. Individual and collective memory, transmission of experience, narrators telling and retelling stories, are important factors for the construction of meaning in the narratives studied here. Moreover, by discussing the meaningfulness of his work, whether in its formal aspect or in the aspect related to the geographic and literary context of its time and place, I expect to contribute with yet another look into the narrative strategies employed by Faulkner, a writer that, still today, fosters academic investigation and production, exactly for being able to construct telling circles that present genuine storytellers.

Esta dissertação focaliza dois textos do escritor William Faulkner, considerado pela crítica como um dos expoentes das experimentações modernistas. O primeiro a ser estudado aqui é A Rose for Emily, uma short story publicada em 1930; o segundo é Absalom, Absalom!, um romance de 1936. O objetivo é investigar se no trabalho de Faulkner pode ser encontrado um narrador por excelência, partindo do conceito apresentado por Walter Benjamin em seu estudo The storyteller: reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov. Minha proposta é levantar a questão do fim da comunicabilidade da experiência do narrador para então sugerir que, ao contrário do que Benjamin afirma, a arte de narrar não chegou ao fim. Meu argumento é de que as narrativas de Faulkner evidenciam sua arte de narrar imbricada com seu uso de ponto de vista. A experiência e a experimentação de Faulkner enquanto escritor são investigadas neste trabalho, principalmente sua manipulação do uso de ponto de vista, e são analisadas à luz de conceitos desenvolvidos por Walter Benjamin, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette, Mieke Bal, entre outros. Os resultados desta pesquisa destacam que o trabalho de Faulkner com ponto de vista pode ser considerado muito mais que um mero experimento modernista, pois sua experiência como escritor proveniente do Sul dos Estados Unidos tem impacto nessa experimentação. A memória individual e coletiva, a transmissão de experiência, o contar e o recontar de histórias dos narradores, são fatores importantes para a construção de significado nas narrativas estudadas. Além disso, ao discutir a significação de sua obra, tanto no aspecto formal quanto no aspecto relativo ao contexto geográfico e literário de seu tempo e lugar, espero contribuir com mais um olhar sobre as estratégias narrativas de Faulkner, escritor que, ainda hoje, fomenta investigação e produção acadêmica significativa, justamente por conseguir construir círculos narrativos que apresentam narradores por excelência. / This thesis brings into focus two texts by William Faulkner, a writer who has been praised as one of the exponents at modernist experimentations. The first one to be studied here is A Rose for Emily, a short story published in 1930; the second is Absalom, Absalom!, a novel from 1936. The objective is to investigate whether a genuine storyteller can be found in Faulkner‘s work, supported by the concept presented by Walter Benjamin in his essay The storyteller: reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov. My aim is to raise the question of the end of communicability of experience in order to suggest that, contrary to what Benjamin affirms, the art of storytelling has not reached its end. My argument is that Faulkner‘s narratives evidence his storytelling art as being imbricated with his use of point of view. Faulkner‘s experience and experimentation as a writer are investigated here, principally his manipulation with the use of point of view, and they are analyzed in the light of the concepts developed by Walter Benjamin, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette, Mieke Bal, and others. The results of this research highlight that Faulkner‘s work with point of view is to be considered much more than merely a modernist experimentation, because his experience as a writer from the South of the United States has impact on this experimentation. Individual and collective memory, transmission of experience, narrators telling and retelling stories, are important factors for the construction of meaning in the narratives studied here. Moreover, by discussing the meaningfulness of his work, whether in its formal aspect or in the aspect related to the geographic and literary context of its time and place, I expect to contribute with yet another look into the narrative strategies employed by Faulkner, a writer that, still today, fosters academic investigation and production, exactly for being able to construct telling circles that present genuine storytellers.

A carência de instrumentos de pesquisa que avaliem a qualidade do ensino de ciências no Brasil é latente. A aplicação no Brasil de um instrumento internacional que permita avaliar os interesses e as posturas de jovens estudantes frente às ciências e tecnologias (C&T) é o principal objetivo deste trabalho e um passo importante na discussão desta questão. O ROSE - The Relevance of Science Education é um questionário aplicado a alunos da faixa dos 15 anos de diversos países que nos auxilia a confirmar hipóteses, entender padrões e a traçar tendências sobre o ensino de ciências. O desenvolvimento de uma versão brasileira do questionário ROSE, possibilitou este estudo no País. O instrumento foi aplicado em 2007 a 652 alunos das cidades de São Caetano do Sul/SP e Tangará da Serra/MT, trazendo elementos objetivos sobre a realidade do ensino de ciências em contextos brasileiros bem diversos. O estudo revelou que estes jovens acham a disciplina ciências interessante, mas por outro lado, têm um baixo interesse em exercer ciência profissionalmente. Suas análises evidenciam também a grande preferência das meninas por assuntos relacionados à saúde enquanto que a preferência masculina é por temas de tecnologia e física, ao lado daqueles vinculados à proteção ambiental. No outro extremo, existe um desinteresse, de meninos e meninas, nas questões de botânica e agricultura, bem como naquelas relacionadas à história da Ciência. Estes jovens alunos reconhecem a importância e se interessam pelas questões e desafios ambientais. Os alunos paulistas incluem-se como responsáveis pelas questões do meio ambiente e cobram maior envolvimento da sociedade na proteção ambiental, não acreditam que as C&T possam resolver todos estes problemas, mas são muito esperançosos em relação ao futuro do planeta e da humanidade. Os estudantes matogrossenses, diferentemente, excluem-se das responsabilidades pelos problemas ambientais e colocam nas mãos dos especialistas reger as mudanças necessárias, acreditam no poder das C&T para tais mudanças, mas declaramse menos confiantes no seu sucesso. O ROSE traz claras evidencias de que o ensino de ciências carece de mudanças e colabora com a intenção de redefinir as prioridades brasileiras para seu aprimoramento. Revela dados que, somados àqueles já registrados em pesquisas anteriores, permitem levar - com segurança - a discussão adiante. / The lack of research tools which really evaluate the quality of science teaching in Brazil is concealed. The application of an international instrument which grants the evaluation of young students\' interests and postures towards sciences and technologies (S&T) is the main purpose of this work as well as an important step related to the discussion of this issue. ROSE - The Relevance of Science Education - is a questionnaire applied to 15-yearold students from several countries which helps us confirm hypothesis, understand patterns and outline tendencies as to the teaching of sciences. The development of a Brazilian version of the ROSE questionnaire enabled this study in the country. The device was applied in 2007 to 652 students in the cities of São Caetano do Sul/São Paulo State and Tangará da Serra/Mato Grosso State, helping emerge objective elements about the reality of science teaching in quite different Brazilian contexts (urban/industrialized x rural/agricultural). The study revealed that these youngsters evaluate science study as interesting; however, the possibility of taking science as a professional career has shown low interest. Their analysis also made it clear that most girls show more interest in topics related to health while boys give preference for themes related to technology and physics, as well as those entailed to environmental protection. On the other hand, neither boys nor girls show much interest in botany or agriculture, much less in those related to Science History. These young students recognize the importance of and are interested in environmental matters and challenges. The São Paulo students accept their responsibility as to environmental issues and claim for a society\'s bigger involvement with environmental protection; they do not believe that the S&T can solve all these problems, either. However, they are full of hope towards the future of the planet and mankind. The students of the state of Mato Grosso, differently, do not include themselves as responsible for environmental problems and relegate to specialists the duty of taking the necessary changes. They also believe in the S&T power in terms of these changes; however, they confess to be less trustful in their success. The ROSE opens up clear evidences that science teaching needs changes and contributes to the intention of re-defining Brazilian priorities for the refinement of science teaching. It reveals data that, added to the ones already enrolled in previous researches, allow the follow-up of the discussion of this theme in safe grounds.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Bruno Rodrigues Froz.pdf: 1583465 bytes, checksum: f53ff1f85d91788fc7d52925b16f6794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The lung cancer is known for presenting the highest mortality rate and one of the lowest survival rate after diagnosis, which is mainly caused by the late detection and treatment. With the goal of assist the lung cancer specialists, computed aided diagnosis systems are developed to automate the detection and diagnosis of this disease. This work proposes a methodology to classify, with computed tomography images, lung nodules candidates and non-nodules candidates. The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) image database is used to create an image database with nodules candidates and an image database with non-nodule candidates. Three techniques are utilized to extract texture measurements. The first one is the artificial life algorithm Artificial Crawlers. The second one is the use of Rose Diagram to extract directional measurements. The third and last one is an hybrid model to join the Artificial Crawlers and Rose Diagram texture measurements. In the classification, que Support Vector Machine classifier is used, with its radial basis kernel. The archived results are very promising. With 833 LIDC exams, divided in 60% for train and 40% for test, we reached na accuracy mean of 94,30%, sensitivity mean of 91,86%, specificity mean of 94,78%, variance coefficient of accuracy of 1,61% and ROC curves mean área of 0,922. / O câncer de pulmão é conhecido por apresentar a maior taxa de mortalidade e uma das menores taxas de sobrevida após o diagnóstico, o que é causado principalmente pela detecção e tratamento tardios. Para o auxílio dos especialistas em câncer pulmonar, são desenvolvidos sistemas de diagnósticos auxiliados por computador com o objetivo de automatizar a detecção e diagnóstico dessa doença. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a classificação, através de imagens de tomografias computadorizadas, de candidatos a nódulos pulmonares e candidatos a não-nódulos. O banco de imagens Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) é utilizado para a criação de uma base de imagens de candidatos a nódulos e uma base de imagens de candidatos a não-nódulos. Três técnicas são utilizadas para a extração de medidas de textura. A primeira delas é o algoritmo de vidas artificiais Artificial Crawlers. A segunda técnica é a utilização do Rose Diagram para a extração de medidas direcionais. A terceira e última técnica é um modelo híbrido que une as medidas do Artificial Crawlers e do Rose Diagram. Para a classificação é utilizado o classificador Máquina de Vetor de Suporte (MVS), com o kernel de base radial. Os resultados alcançados são muito promissores. Utilizando 833 exames do LIDC divididos em 60% para treino e 40% para teste, alcançou-se uma média de acurácia de 94,30%, média de sensibilidade de 91,86%, média de especificidade de 94,78%, coeficiente de variância da acurácia de 1,61% e área média das curvas ROC de 0,922.