Innovation can be defined as "The use of non-trivial change and improvement in a process, product or the system that is novel to the institution developing the change" (Slaughter1998). And once an innovation is constantly used by an organization on a regular basis, it leads to routinization. Rogers (2003) defines routinization as "when an innovation has become incorporated into the regular activities of the organization and has lost its separate identity." We also know from the prior research that the innovation could be segregated as per its technical attributes (process or product Innovation), types of innovation (incremental or radical innovation) or economic attributes (direct or indirect economic innovation).Through this study we are trying to observe whether public sector organizations routinize sustainable innovations that are used in the initial projects, and can a relationship be established between the selected attributes of those innovations including process-product, direct-indirect, radical-incremental innovation that may explain their routinization. The LEED Checklist was used as the baseline for studying routinization in public sector organizations. A group of four public sector organizations namely: Arizona State University, University of Florida, City of Austin and City of Seattle were selected on the basis of the constraints that were identified in the early stages of the study. Upon selecting these organizations the LEED Checklists were analyzed and the routinized credits were segregated. The LEED Checklist we segregated on the basis of the attributes of the innovation. To confirm the accuracy of the sorting process an Inter-Rater Reliability was established with the help of an expert panel. The results determined from the segregation process were made to overlap on the routinized credits from the LEED Checklist and the data retrieved was used for the final analysis. During the process of establishing the final results for this research, we segregated the general credits from the prerequisites to avoid any skewing of the results considering that both types of credits were based on different concepts. The results show that public sector organizations do routinize sustainable innovations that were used in the initial projects, and incremental innovation diffuses faster than the radical innovation; product innovation diffuses faster than process innovation; and direct economic innovation diffuses faster than the indirect economic innovation. / Master of Science

Past research advocates the need for long-term care (LTC) facilities to adopt a person-centred model of care to optimize residents quality of life. The construct of quality of life in LTC has been defined by satisfaction with a set of domains identified by Kane and colleagues (2003). One goal of this study was to determine which domain is the most predictive of overall well-being among LTC residents in a rural setting. Based on past research and on Deci and Ryans (1985; 1991) self-determination theory, satisfaction with autonomy was predicted to emerge as most predictive of overall well-being. The present study also examined the relation between resident quality of life and well-being, and the degree of routinization (i.e., adherence to a rigid, inflexible daily schedule) within the LTC environment. Routinization is conceptually at odds with a person-centred model of care, yet its relation to the well-being of care recipients had not been examined prior. One hundred and ninety-eight residents from 15 LTC facilities in rural Saskatchewan participated in individual interviews to measure their satisfaction with 11 quality of life domains (Kane et al., 2003), and their overall well-being (using the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness; MUNSH; Kozma & Stones, 1980). One hundred and thirty-one staff from the 15 facilities completed a questionnaire designed to assess routinization within the LTC environment. Contrary to predictions, autonomy failed to emerge as a significant predictor of overall well-being among sample residents. The domain of meaningful activity received residents lowest satisfaction rating of the 11 domains, and also accounted for the most unique variance in overall well-being. Routinization was negatively related to resident quality of life, with staff rating routinization higher in facilities which residents reported lower satisfaction with quality of life. Results provide focus for improving the quality of life of LTC residents, and point to areas for further study.

Past research advocates the need for long-term care (LTC) facilities to adopt a person-centred model of care to optimize residents quality of life. The construct of quality of life in LTC has been defined by satisfaction with a set of domains identified by Kane and colleagues (2003). One goal of this study was to determine which domain is the most predictive of overall well-being among LTC residents in a rural setting. Based on past research and on Deci and Ryans (1985; 1991) self-determination theory, satisfaction with autonomy was predicted to emerge as most predictive of overall well-being. The present study also examined the relation between resident quality of life and well-being, and the degree of routinization (i.e., adherence to a rigid, inflexible daily schedule) within the LTC environment. Routinization is conceptually at odds with a person-centred model of care, yet its relation to the well-being of care recipients had not been examined prior. One hundred and ninety-eight residents from 15 LTC facilities in rural Saskatchewan participated in individual interviews to measure their satisfaction with 11 quality of life domains (Kane et al., 2003), and their overall well-being (using the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness; MUNSH; Kozma & Stones, 1980). One hundred and thirty-one staff from the 15 facilities completed a questionnaire designed to assess routinization within the LTC environment. Contrary to predictions, autonomy failed to emerge as a significant predictor of overall well-being among sample residents. The domain of meaningful activity received residents lowest satisfaction rating of the 11 domains, and also accounted for the most unique variance in overall well-being. Routinization was negatively related to resident quality of life, with staff rating routinization higher in facilities which residents reported lower satisfaction with quality of life. Results provide focus for improving the quality of life of LTC residents, and point to areas for further study.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juraci da Rocha Cipriano.pdf: 347694 bytes, checksum: 0c7eb95963fae5bd5a4a7b0961a8646a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-25 / The Ecletic City is about 10 kilometers from Santo Antônio do Descoberto s city, state of Goiás, it was builded by a group of people coming from Rio de Janeiro, in 1956, who wanted to join a kind of religion that preachs the end of the world. A leader, Yokaanam, that believed to be the reincarnation of John the Baptist, had spiritual guides that helped him to guide the group, he caused polemic in Rio de Janeiro, and after this, peaceful, he received people from Brasilia and neighbourhood to mental and corporal cures. This moviment had been two thesis of doctor degree and one dissertation of mastership s main purpose and was considered by those researches a messianic moviment, but just while the leader was alive. In 1985, with his death, the moviment lost the enchantment, attracting less people than olden days. That s the main purpose of this dissertation. The main purpose is verify if the moviment may be considered messianic after Yokaanam s death. The dissertation try to expose a historic vision of the group and after this it resumes the main thesis and dissertation s ideas, and finally following Weber s concepts about Carism and Routinization, it constructs arguments to answer his own hypothesis. The data colect for the dissertation was done based on the two thesis and the dissertation, on the city journal Our, mountly published, and on local research, sistematic observation, interviews and short questionaries applied. In the end, the dissertation proves, based on the Weber s theory parameters, that the Yokaanam s moviment, today, doesn t seems to be messianic, because some basic characteristics of this moviment, like the founder carism, may be pondered like something that should be latent, his dinamism should be activated if the formal administration elect a new leader who was recognized by all the followers as Yokaanam s reincarnation, and this possibility isn t null, because there s an element of the group that is the kardecist creed of the reincarnation. / A Cidade Eclética, distante 10 (dez) quilômetros do município de Santo Antônio do Descoberto (GO), foi construída por um grupo de pessoas que tinha vindo do Rio de Janeiro, em 1956, para viver uma forma de religião que pregava o fim do mundo. Um líder, Yokaanam, que acreditava ser reencarnação de João Batista e tinha guias espirituais que o ajudavam na condução do grupo, tinha suscitado muitas polêmicas no Rio de Janeiro; mais tranqüilo em sua nova sede, recebia moradores tanto de Brasília como das cidades vizinhas, para curas corporais e espirituais. Este movimento tinha sido objeto de estudo de duas teses de doutoramento e uma dissertação de mestrado, e foi considerado pelos autores como sendo um movimento messiâmico enquanto o líder vivia. Em 1985, com a morte do líder, o movimento de Yokaanam parecia ter perdido seu encanto original atraindo menos adeptos. Este é o objeto de estudo desta dissertação. Sua finalidade principal é verificar se o movimento de Yokaanam poderia continuar sendo classificado como messiânico depois da morte do líder. A dissertação procurou dar uma visão histórica do grupo, depois resumiu as principais idéias das duas teses e da dissertação que o estudaram; por fim, a partir do conceito de carisma e rotinização de Weber, construiu seu argumento para responder sua hipótese. A coleta de dados desta dissertação foi feita a partir das duas teses e da dissertação, do jornal da cidade, O Nosso publicado mensalmente e de pesquisa de campo, observação sistemática, entrevistas semi-estruturadas. No final do estudo este trabalho provou que dentro dos parâmetros estabelecidos pela teoria weberiana, o movimento de Yokaanam, não poderia ser classificado hoje como messiânico, porque faltam nele alguns elementos fundamentais destes movimentos, como a presença de um líder tido como messias, a espera do milênio; contudo como o carisma do fundador poderia estar latente na vida do grupo e na esperança de alguns adeptos, nada impediria que em um momento de crise ou conflito maior, entre o grupo em estudo e a sociedade geral, esta liderança surgisse novamente, de sua latência, em um adepto ou uma outra pessoa reconhecida pelo grupo, como reencarnação de Yokaanam.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux évolutions de la médecine hospitalo-universitaire, sous l’angle des relations qui s’instaurent entre activités de soins et de recherche des enseignants-chercheurs praticiens hospitaliers (PUPH – MCUPH). Deux questions centrales organisent cette investigation sociologique. D’une part, en quoi l’autonomie historique (acquise au XIXème siècle) du savoir médical plus particulièrement anatomo-clinique et de ses agents est-elle, ou non, remise en cause sous l’effet des réformes bureaucratico-gestionnaires de l’espace dominant de la médecine (celui des CHU) de ces dernières années ? D’autre part, en prenant en compte l’existence d’un univers de la médecine historiquement différencié entre médecine clinique, médecine biologique et santé publique, peut-on dire que l’hégémonie clinique sur les autres sous-espaces de la médecine est atteinte dans ce contexte ? Ce travail revient sur la manière dont l’actualisation de la clinique dans le cadre des restructurations hospitalières constitue un enjeu pour l’élite médicale sur le terrain. Les luttes historiques constitutives du champ concernent en effet la définition même de la médecine clinique, ses frontières, les limites de son objet, ses objectifs, la nature de sa connaissance, ses modes d’interventions, ses conditions de pratiques et ses interactions avec les autres formes de connaissances, notamment scientifiques, essentielles à son essor. Face à l’ampleur que prend depuis les années 1970 les connaissances sociales, économiques et gestionnaires sur la médecine, nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’un processus de routinisation de la légitimité clinique au sein du champ médical tend à s’opérer par la voie de la réforme hospitalière : il s’agit de demander aux médecins de rendre compte de leur pratique et de rendre des comptes sur leur pratique. Autrement dit, de passer d’opérateur à témoin de ce qu’est la médecine, son champ d’intervention et les interrogations sociétales qu’elle porte. Ce sont ainsi les mécanismes de transformation possible de cet ordre des légitimités qu’il s’agit avant toute chose d’interroger, leur construction et leur mode d’intégration au champ. / This thesis is interested in developments in the university hospital medicine, in terms of the relationships that develop between care and research hospital practitioners teacher-researchers (PUPH - MCUPH). Two central questions are organizing this sociological investigation. First, how the historical autonomy (acquired in the nineteenth century) of particular anatomical clinical medical knowledge and its agents is it or not questioned as a result of bureaucratic-managerial reforms of space overlooking medicine (the CHU) in recent years? On the other hand, taking into account the existence of a universe of medicine historically differentiated between clinical medicine, biological medicine and public health, can we say that the clinical hegemony over other sub-areas of medicine reached in this context ? This work comes to how updating of the clinic in the context of hospital restructuring is a challenge for the medical elite field. The constituent historical struggles of the field concerned in fact the very definition of clinical medicine, its borders, the limits of its purpose, objectives, the nature of its knowledge, its modes of action, conditions of practice and its interactions with other forms of knowledge including science, essential to its growth. Given the scale that took since the 1970s social knowledge, economic and managers on medicine, we assume that routinization of clinical legitimacy process within the medical field tends to take place through Hospital Reform: it is asking doctors to report their practice and be accountable for their practice. In other words, to move from operator to witness what the medicine, its field of intervention and societal questions she wears. These are the possible transformation and mechanisms of this kind of legitimacy that it is above all to question, their construction and mode of integration in the field.

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There is an emerging market of radical eco-innovations that require high involvement from the U.S. consumer for successful routinization. Yet, there exists a gap in knowledge that guides the dissemination of such innovations for related stakeholders. Among these innovations is the household digester (HD), which is marketed as an innovation capable of generating biogas and fertilizer through processing organic waste at its point-of-source (POS). The HD may surpass other high-involvement eco-innovations in respect to levels of involvement necessary for consumer routinization and sustained operation. However, previously unexplored factors within the contemporary U.S. landscape have spurred recent growth in HD adoption. This dissertation took a three-manuscript approach in the investigation of factors that influence the adoption and diffusion of HD in the U.S. The first of three studies tested a literature-based conceptual model framed within the multi-level perspective (MLP) to identify barriers and drivers of HD adoption. Qualitative data from expert interviews and social media posts inform the production of a taxonomy of complexities that depict the current state of HD in the U.S. Findings indicate that HD marketing during the Covid pandemic brought forth new adopter populations seeking resilience due to infrastructure distrust. The second study investigated motivations for HD adoption through operationalizing constructs from psychology literature and diffusion of innovation theory (DOI). Through in-depth interviews with adopters, the factors of relative advantage, compatibility, and cost were found to outweigh pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in adoption decisions. Furthermore, high-involvement was not found to influence adoption decisions. The final study employed a collective case study approach that explored paths to HD routinization among ten adopters. Results highlight the ability of adopters to overcome technical challenges through reinventions necessary for contextual adaptations. This dissertation contributes insights into the adoption and diffusion of radical high-involvement eco-innovations, offering implications for policy, practice, and future research in emerging innovations interacting within socio-technical transitions. / Doctor of Philosophy / A variety of emerging products are entering the U.S. consumer market that promote household sustainability, many of which require high levels of involvement from consumers for successful adoption. These high-involvement eco-innovations have been studied within the context of electric cars, organic foods, and other products that require extensive consumer research before purchase. However, this research focuses on a new product entering the U.S. market where involvement not only requires extensive pre-purchase research but also radical levels of interaction during operation and maintenance for successful product use. The household anaerobic digester is an apparatus that turns organic waste into cooking fuel and fertilizer. This innovation has been widely adopted in the developing world with some success, but technical issues during operation have been shown to result in discontinued use. This dissertation focuses on the adoption of household digesters in the U.S. Radical high-involvement eco-innovations need further scientific analysis to understand what factors might affect adoption, as well as explore the viability of such products entering a market where convenience is a social norm. This research aims to provide an analysis of this phenomenon through three studies. Chapter Two explores this new product and factors that may hinder or accelerate adoption in the U.S. Experts in the field of household digesters are interviewed for data collection, as well as analysis of social media posts where new adopters share information. This study aims to determine the social and technical complexities of Americans adopting household digesters. The Third Chapter assesses the purchase motivations of current adopters of household digesters in the U.S. This assessment takes place through interviews, where consumers provide information about their traits, values, and the degree to which they use the product to replace an existing technology. Chapter Four takes a further look at adopters to gain an understanding of paths to adoption and commonly shared practices that are employed to be successful in the adoption of household digesters. This study first presents the stories of each adopter and then provides a cross-case analysis that reveals commonalities of adopters regarding how paths to adoption often lead to shared practices for successful HD operation. The work is summarized in Chapter Five with conclusions, lessons learned, and recommendations for future research. This includes drawing connections between the three studies' findings and how the studies' chronology brought forth validation in the instruments used for data collection.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação sócioistórica do processo de cotidianização do carisma no mormonismo procurando apreender a transformação do carisma religioso-profético e, assim reunir elementos que possibilitem consolidar, a partir de um caso particular, uma teoria mais geral da ocorrência de tais processos sociais. A investigação buscou encontrar, no emaranhado de lutas por poder e chances de prestígio, o fio condutor pelo qual se desenrolou o processo de transformação de um movimento religioso carismático, de religiosidade altamente emotivo-pneumática a uma religião desencantada, hierarquizada e institucionalizada. Para isso utilizou-se farta documentação e interpretação histórica que permitiu uma observação mais detalhada dos fenômenos sociais investigados. No plano teórico-metodológico empregou-se como instrumental teórico fundamental de pesquisa, primeiramente a teoria da dominação carismática de Max Weber, sua teorização dos processos de transformação do carisma e sua sociologia da religião. O outro referencial teórico imprescindível encontra-se na obra do sociólogo alemão Norbert Elias, a saber, seus conceitos de psicogênese e sociogênese, figuração, processo de monopolização, equilíbrio das tensões entre outros, que permitiram um acesso privilegiado ao processo de longo prazo que conformou e solidificou o carisma genuíno do profeta-fundador Joseph Smith em uma religião ritualizada e uma instituição hierarquizada. / The research has aimed to accomplish a social-historical investigation of the process of routinization of charisma in Mormonism, seeking to perceive the change of the religious-prophetic charisma, and thus gathering elements which can enable to consolidate, considering a particular case, a more general theory of the occurrence of such social processes. The investigation sought to find, in the struggle for power and chances of prestige, the leading thread with which the process of change of a religious charismatic movement has developed, from highly emotional-pneumatic religiosity to a disenchanted, hierarchical and institutionalized religion. In order to achieve that, thorough documentation and historical interpretation has been applied, this way allowing a more detailed observation of the social phenomena investigated. The primarily theoretical instrument used in the research has been Max Weber theory of the charismatic domination, the theorization of the processes of charisma change and sociology of religion. The other essential theoretical reference can be found in the German sociologist Norbert Elias, including his concepts of psychogenesis and sociogenesis, figuration, monopolization process, balance of tension among others, which allow a privileged access to the long-term process which conformed and solidified the genuine charisma of the founder-prophet Joseph Smith in a ritualized religion and a hierarchic institution.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação sócioistórica do processo de cotidianização do carisma no mormonismo procurando apreender a transformação do carisma religioso-profético e, assim reunir elementos que possibilitem consolidar, a partir de um caso particular, uma teoria mais geral da ocorrência de tais processos sociais. A investigação buscou encontrar, no emaranhado de lutas por poder e chances de prestígio, o fio condutor pelo qual se desenrolou o processo de transformação de um movimento religioso carismático, de religiosidade altamente emotivo-pneumática a uma religião desencantada, hierarquizada e institucionalizada. Para isso utilizou-se farta documentação e interpretação histórica que permitiu uma observação mais detalhada dos fenômenos sociais investigados. No plano teórico-metodológico empregou-se como instrumental teórico fundamental de pesquisa, primeiramente a teoria da dominação carismática de Max Weber, sua teorização dos processos de transformação do carisma e sua sociologia da religião. O outro referencial teórico imprescindível encontra-se na obra do sociólogo alemão Norbert Elias, a saber, seus conceitos de psicogênese e sociogênese, figuração, processo de monopolização, equilíbrio das tensões entre outros, que permitiram um acesso privilegiado ao processo de longo prazo que conformou e solidificou o carisma genuíno do profeta-fundador Joseph Smith em uma religião ritualizada e uma instituição hierarquizada. / The research has aimed to accomplish a social-historical investigation of the process of routinization of charisma in Mormonism, seeking to perceive the change of the religious-prophetic charisma, and thus gathering elements which can enable to consolidate, considering a particular case, a more general theory of the occurrence of such social processes. The investigation sought to find, in the struggle for power and chances of prestige, the leading thread with which the process of change of a religious charismatic movement has developed, from highly emotional-pneumatic religiosity to a disenchanted, hierarchical and institutionalized religion. In order to achieve that, thorough documentation and historical interpretation has been applied, this way allowing a more detailed observation of the social phenomena investigated. The primarily theoretical instrument used in the research has been Max Weber theory of the charismatic domination, the theorization of the processes of charisma change and sociology of religion. The other essential theoretical reference can be found in the German sociologist Norbert Elias, including his concepts of psychogenesis and sociogenesis, figuration, monopolization process, balance of tension among others, which allow a privileged access to the long-term process which conformed and solidified the genuine charisma of the founder-prophet Joseph Smith in a ritualized religion and a hierarchic institution.