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<p>This thesis is both an extension and a critique of Roy Hornosty's doctoral dissertation. In " Conceptions of Human Nature in the Sociological Tradition", Hornosty traces the development and career of two distinct concepts of human nature as they are reflected in sociological theory. Hornosty argues that sociology originally emerged with two competing ideas of man, one stressing the logical priority of the individual, and the other, the predominance of the collective.</p> <p>In the course of his study, Hornosty discusses what he refers to as the second generation of European sociologists, comprised suggests of Durkheim, Weber, Simmel that each theorist of this and Pareto. Hornosty generation describes a conception of human nature based on an 'inner dialectic' between the individual, who seeks independent self-actualization, over and against the demands of the collective, which develops according to laws which are often in stark contrast to the dictates of individuality.</p> <p>One chapter of Hornosty's study is devoted to Georg Simmel's sociological thought. In it, Hornosty argues that Simmel views man in terms of an antinomy between social and individual forces, locked in an irreconcilable struggle. For Simmel, Hornosty believes, man is both social and, at the same time, independent of society, although never completely. According to Hornosty's interpretation of Simmel, this dialectic is an ineradicable condition of mankind.</p> <p>The present study focuses entirely on the writings of Georg Simmel. The author argues that while an undeniable dialectic exists between the individual and society, it is by no means irreconcilable as Hornosty and others have suggested. In fact, it will be argued that Simmel saw ways in which the dichotomous relationship between the individual and the collective could be overcome.</p> <p>The author contends that Simmel, influenced by Nietzsche's philosophy, details avenues of consequence removed from the sociological nexus. By focusing on Simmel 's four categories of human experience, two of which are completely removed from the social paradigm, this thesis outlines Simmel's attempt to find a manner in which certain talented individuals could transcend the dichotomy between the individual and society through devotion to objective goals which lie beyond the dialectic.</p> <p>The author suggests that Simmel in fact reserves his highest praise for the creative genius, the individual able to tolerate, and in turn, transcend the tensions of his or her existence in the name of a higher good, whether artistic or intellectual. By outlining Simmel's preoccupation with the creative process, and his search for viable expressions of individuality removed from society, the author attempts to illustrate the limitations of the sociological paradigm.</p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Nirvana Marinho.pdf: 14501910 bytes, checksum: 270d6325adb33734545819f11b2a1c2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The visibility that the media has been giving to the body brings a large dose of violence, which can be verified by the photos of mutilated bodies and victims of several kinds of abuses. These are images, official or subliminary, that populate our cultural imaginary. Those images refer to contexts that transform themselves in material to elaborate a critical discourse. This is the context in which are inscribed the works of the Brazilian choreographer Lia Rodrigues and of the French choreographer radicated in Berlin, Xavier le Roy. They transform the images seen on the media into artistic material in the form of tableaux vivants. The research s problem was motivated by the follow question: in the globalized world, crossed by similar kind of image about the body, would it be possible to produce a specific reading in these shared contexts? As they work in distinct places and since both are interested, basically, in similar questions in this mediatized world; Lia Rodrigues and Xavier le Roy were set side by side with an intention to configure a field where it would be possible to investigate an answer to this question. The challenge in this research path was to comprehend the relationship between the transformed questions in image by the media and their works. Once accomplished, the research arrived to the hypothesis that both construct a politic in the body . These are not discourses that the body speeches or interprets, but critical discourses about the own doing. The methodology applied was a bibliographic review about body & politic with an embodied reading followed by a field research with the choreographers. There were ten months of experience in Germany, in the case of Xavier le Roy, and by a sequence of internships in Rio de Janeiro, in Lia Rodrigues case. The objective of the thesis is to affirm that when the body approaches a certain kind of visibility, it becomes political. To achieve that, the research made use mainly of Jacques Rancière, Peter Pal Pelbart, Giorgio Agamben and Michel Foucault writings, as political philosophers, to read, on the bias of communication, the argumentations proposed by them / A visibilidade que a mídia tem dado ao corpo carrega uma grande dose de violência, o que pode ser conferido nas imagens de corpos mutilados e vítimas de vários tipos de abusos. São elas as imagens, oficiais ou subliminares, que povoam nosso imaginário cultural. Tais imagens se referem a contextos que se transformam em materiais para elaboração de um discurso crítico. É neste contexto que se inscrevem as obras da coreógrafa brasileira Lia Rodrigues e do coreógrafo francês radicado em Berlim Xavier le Roy. As imagens que vemos na mídia são por eles transformadas em material artístico em forma de tableaux vivants. O problema da pesquisa foi motivado pela seguinte questão: em um mundo globalizado, atravessado pelo mesmo tipo de imagem sobre o corpo, seria possível produzir uma leitura específica quando os contextos são compartilhados? Lia Rodrigues e Xavier le Roy, como operam em locais distintos, foram aqui colocados lado a lado com a intenção de configurarem um campo onde seria possível investigar uma resposta para essa pergunta. Afinal, ambos se interessam, à princípio, por questões semelhantes no mundo midiatizado. O desafio, no percurso de pesquisa, foi o de compreender a relação entre as questões transformadas em imagem pela mídia e as suas obras. Depois de realizada, a pesquisa chegou à hipótese de que ambos constróem uma política no corpo . Não são discursos que o corpo fala/interpreta, mas discursos críticos acerca do próprio fazer. A metodologia empregada foi a revisão bibliográfica acerca do tema corpo& política, à qual se agregou também uma leitura corporificada, e uma pesquisa de campo junto aos coreógrafos. Foram dez meses de vivência na Alemanha, no caso de Xavier le Roy, e uma sucessão de estágios no Rio de Janeiro, no caso de Lia Rodrigues. O objetivo da tese é afirmar que o corpo, ao se aproximar de um certo tipo de visibilidade, se torna político. Para tal, a pesquisa recorreu, sobretudo, à Jacques Rancière, Peter Pal Pelbart, Giorgio Agamben e Michel Foucault, filósofos da política, de modo a ler, no viés da comunicação, os argumentos por eles propostos

The thesis Racism and New Dimensions of Projecting the Multicultural Experience in Contemporary British Drama analyzes multiculturalism in contemporary Britain and questions its discursive boundaries through the works of some black and Asian contemporary playwrights such as Roy Williams, debbie tucker green and Tanika Gupta. The works of these playwrights articulate a set of experiences that reflects an image of the contemporary issues of bigotry and violence in Britain. Williams, Gupta and green present new approaches on the multicultural Britain concerning the issues of racism, discrimination and knife crime, shedding light on the cruelly racist world from the 'white and black' perspectives. Rethinking the questions of identity, Britishness, social agency and national affiliation from new proportions. The second chapter Roy Williams's Sing Yer Heart Out for the Lads (2002), Sucker Punch (2010) and The No Boys Cricket Club (1996). Williams stages sport in all its complexity as a rich ground for contemplating the issues of racism, belonging, nationalism and identity. He portrays an image of the conflict among the ethnic communities in a multicultural space, highlighting that conflict in its larger context. The third chapter discusses Tanika Gupta's White Boy (2008) and Sugar Mummies (2006). Both of...

Le roman Nuka part d'un voyage à Kuujjuaq. L'objectif était de donner un souffle nouveau à l'imaginaire du Nord, mais plus que cela, une voix aux enfants du Grand Nord. À travers les yeux d'une enfant, Nuka, âgée de neuf ans, un monde se crée, à travers les yeux du lecteur, une conscience s'éveille. Deux réalités s'affrontent et l'enfant doit trouver sa propre voie, d'où l'importance de la quête : le voyage dans la toundra et le voyage qui s'opère à l'intérieur d'elle-même. La partie reflexive s'appuie sur le motif du voyage dans l'imaginaire du Nord dans la littérature québécoise au XXe siècle. La ligne est bien mince entre le voyage réel et le voyage imaginaire. Il s'agit de tenter d'en délimiter les contours. Mais l'effet de flou s'amplifie dans le Nord. Il impose ses propres règles à ses habitants et aux voyageurs qui s'y risquent. À cela se mêlent le sentiment d'étrangeté et la découverte de l'autre, ce qui implique une tout autre prise de conscience. Le roman Nuka rejoint La Rivière sans repos de Gabrielle Roy en ce sens.

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Thesis advisor: Sr. Callista Roy / Social Cognition and the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Clinical Decision Making Most literature reflects the persistent existence of unequal treatment in the care provided to ethnic and racial minorities. Comparatively little about ethnic bias in the literature goes beyond the retrospective study as the most frequently encountered method of inquiry. Access to providers and the ability to pay only provide partial explanation in the known data. A more controversial hypothesis is the one offered in this dissertation. This qualitative research explored the cognitive processes of ethnic bias as a phenomenon in clinical decision making. The method was a simulation that captured events as they occurred with a sample of nurse participants. The racial and ethnically related cognitive content of participants was evoked through the interactive process of playing a board game. Immediately following that activity, a video vignette of an ambiguous pain management situation involving an African American male was viewed by each nurse who was then asked to make a "treat" or "not treat" clinical decision. The dialogues during playing of the board game in addition to the rationale for the treatment decision provided data for analysis. Content analysis is the primary approach for using the data to answer the research question. Themes of latent and manifest content were described for those who made the decision to treat and those who decided not to treat. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

Introdução. Cuidar de uma pessoa com doença crônica pode afetar significativamente o bem-estar de quem cuida, assim como perturbar ou deteriorar sua saúde física e emocional, sua dinâmica familiar e social e seus recursos econômicos. Infelizmente na América Latina, o sistema de saúde não responde às demandas e necessidades dos cuidadores familiares. Dispor de evidências oriundas de pesquisas rigorosamente delineadas e conduzidas com cuidadores com o diagnóstico de Tensão do Papel Cuidador contribui para o desenvolvimento de intervenções para melhorar o bem estar e qualidade de vida dessa população. Objetivos. Desenvolver um programa de intervenção de enfermagem que promova a adaptação dos cuidadores familiares com tensão do papel de cuidador; determinar a efetividade de um programa de intervenção aplicado por telefone para promover a adaptação de cuidadores familiares colombianos e brasileiros com Tensão do Papel de Cuidador. Método. Para o primeiro objetivo proposto foi seguida a proposta do UK Medical Research Council para o desenvolvimento e avaliação de intervenções complexas. O programa de intervenção foi desenvolvido em três passos. No primeiro foi estabelecida a evidência existente sobre intervenções para cuidadores familiares. No segundo passo foi desenvolvida a concepção teórica do cuidador familiar visto como individuo adaptável e do programa de intervenção como estímulo contextual sob a perspectiva do modelo de Adaptação de Roy. No terceiro passo, foi modelada a primeira versão do programa de intervenção e refinada em um estudo piloto. Para atingir o segundo objetivo, foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado em que 208 cuidadores familiares (104 colombianos e 104 brasileiros) foram randomizados para cinco sessões de intervenção psicoeducativa aplicadas com uso de telefone (Grupo intervenção) ou o cuidado usual (Grupo controle). Na coleta de dados foram aplicados os instrumentos de caracterização do cuidador, do receptor de cuidados e do cuidado oferecido pelo cuidador, a escala de apoio social (MOS), a Escala de Tensão do Papel de Cuidador, a Escala de Bem-estar do Cuidador Familiar e a escala de avaliação da qualidade de vida WHOQol-Bref. Os participantes foram avaliados na linha de base e na 6ª e 9ª semanas de seguimento. As variáveis de desfecho foram analisadas por equações de estimação generalizada (EEG) considerando interação entre tempo e grupo. Resultados. Os dois grupos estudados apresentaram diminuição estatisticamente significante da tensão do papel ao longo do tempo (Fator tempo, p <0.01). Não houve diferenças significativas nos dois grupos ao nível das variáveis bem estar do cuidador familiar e qualidade de vida. Conclusão. O programa de intervenção aplicado com uso de telefone não foi efetivo para promover a adaptação de cuidadores familiares com tensão do papel de cuidador. Apesar dos achados deste estudo, a teoria da adaptação do cuidador familiar derivada do modelo conceptual proposto por Roy foi consistente para compreender o impacto do cuidado no cuidador familiar, além de proporcionar uma estrutura para testar a efetividade do programa. / Introduction. Caring for a person with chronic disease can significantly affect the well-being of carers, as well as disrupt or deteriorate their physical and emotional health, their family, social dynamics, and their economic resources. In Latin America, the health system does not respond to the demands and needs of familiar caregivers. Having evidence from research rigorously delineated and conducted to inform the care of caregivers with the diagnosis of caregiver role strain will contribute to the development of programs capable of meeting the needs and demands of this population. Objectives. To develop a nursing intervention program that promotes the adaptation of family caregivers with caregiver role strain; to determine the effectiveness of nursing interventions applied by telephone to promote adaptation of Colombian and Brazilian family caregivers with caregiver role strain. Method. For the first objective, the UK Medical Research Council guidelines for the development and evaluation of complex interventions were applied. The intervention program was developed in three main steps. In the first one we identified previously published data regarding interventions for family caregivers; in the second step we developed a theoretical understanding of caregiver seen an adaptive individual, and the intervention program was conceived as a contextual stimulus from the perspective of the Roy Adaptation Model. In the third step, a preliminary intervention program was modeled based on literature findings, and then it was refined in a pilot study. To achieve the second objective, a clinical trial with 208 family caregivers (104 Colombians and 104 Brazilians) randomized to five psychoeducational intervention sessions applied using telephone (intervention group) or usual care (control group) was conducted. During data collection, an instrument for caregiver, care receiver and care characteristics, the Social Support scale (MOS), the Caregiver Role Strain scale, the Caregiver Wellbeing scale, and the The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale were applied. The participants were assessed at baseline and at the 6th and 9th week of follow-up. The outcome variables were analyzed by generalized estimating equations (GEE) considering interaction between time and group. Results. The two groups had statistically significant decrease of the caregiver role strain over time (Time factor, p <0.01). There were no significant differences between groups for wellbeing of caregivers, neither for quality of life. Conclusion. The intervention program applied using telephone was not effective to promote adaptation of family caregivers with caregiver role strain. Despite the findings, the theory of adaptation of caregivers derived from the conceptual model proposed by Roy was consistent to understand the impact of care on family caregivers, as well as provided a framework to test the effectiveness of the program.

The work of Gabrielle Roy cannot be dissociated from the story of her life. Many have already tried to establish a definite connection between these two aspects of her life. Among the themes that are ever present in her texts and of particular interest to readers is her preoccupation with the past. The text of Mircea Eliade is important to the theoretical framework of the following thesis. His postulating that human beings constantly repeat their past to find meaning to their lives is capital to my analysis of Gabrielle Roy's texts. Indeed, her preoccupation with the past stems from a desire on her part to understand and live with her present. This thesis analyses how through returning constantly to her past, Gabrielle Roy, either directly or through her characters, engages in a ritual that gives to her life a « raison d’être ». The first chapter focuses on a return in time and the second chapter is devoted to studying a return in space, both of which belong to the past.