Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Perception of music as a complicated interaction between hearing and seeing is described as an attraction by two extremes, incarnation and subtraction. In the context of staging a drama or an opera, for instance, incarnation stresses the body of the actor, whereas subtraction dissolves him into an ideal silhouette, into a real but invisible person on stage. In many contemporary art forms such as happenings or sound installations both extremes may be observed, leading either to an emphasis on theatricality, or reducing the work to one single effect: »One sound may be enough« (David Toop). Both forms, however, aim towards a specific kind of presence, demanding utmost concentration with specific religious undertones: no discourse, no structure is transmitted, rather epiphanies emerge directly from colours, fragrances or sounds. Various forms of this polarity appear in the techniques and ceremonies of contemporary ars electronica which the article considers as a (possible) challenge to »classical« contemporary music that is fixed in a score. Helmut Lachenmann’s views on analytical listening and perception (a key metaphor since the end of the twentieth century) are examined in this context, focussing on the musician’s body in selected works including Air (1968/69), Kontrakadenz (1970/71) and NUN (1999/2002). All three examples make clear that »listening« to Lachenmann’s music often implicates seeing how this music is performed in order to grasp how »heterogeneous series« connect diverse sound producing media and techniques. The relationship between hearing and seeing in Lachenmann’s music has recently been isolated by choreographer Xavier Le Roy who has produced ritualistic as well as »subtracting« versions of works such as Salut für Caudwell (1977) and Mouvement (1982/84). A completely »mute« performance of the latter work (Le Roy lets the musicians perform the complete piece without instruments), however, tends to simplify this relationship that might be described as an attempt to breach hearing by seeing and seeing by hearing.

No description available.

No description available.

L'accompagnement des patients en fin de vie constitue une occasion de croissance personnelle pour les infirmières en soins palliatifs, un phénomène que les stratégies individuelles d'adaptation permettraient de mieux saisir. L'objectif principal de cette étude corrélationnelle consiste à décrire les liens entre les stratégies de coping (COPE), la réponse émotionnelle (détresse et vigueur; POMS) et la qualité de vie spirituelle (FACIT-sp) des infirmières confrontées au stress des deuils multiples. Un total de 120 infirmières ont été recrutées. La réinterprétation positive (B = .27; p < .01) et la pratique religieuse (B = .33; p < .001), deux stratégies reliées à la quête d'un sens, et le désengagement (B=-.19;< .05), permettent d'expliquer 22% de la variance de la qualité de vie spirituelle. Conséquents avec une littérature récente, ces résultats soulignent l'importance des stratégies de quête de sens dans l'adaptation au deuil des infirmières en soins palliatifs. / It is in accompanying the dying that palliative care nurses say they find meaning in their work. To further explore this phenomenon, consideration of coping strategies is proposed. The main objective of this correlational study was to describe the association between coping strategies (revised version of the COPE), emotional outcomes (distress and vigour; POMS), and spiritual quality of life (FACT-sp). A sample of 120 nurses providing palliative care in acute-care hospitals and the community in Québec were included. Positive reinterpretation (B = .27; p < .01) and turning to religion (B = .33; p < .001), two strategies related to meaning-making coping, and disengagement (B = -.19; p < .05), were the best predictors - accounting for 22% of variance of spiritual quality of life. These findings are consistent with recent studies and highlight the importance of meaning-making strategies in psychological adjustment to bereavement for palliative care nurses.

Cette thèse explore le mouvement de revendications identitaires dans lequel sont engagés les membres de la Communauté Métisse du Domaine du Roi et de la Seigneurie de Mingan (C.M.D.R.S.M.) au Québec. L’association politique que constitue la C.M.D.R.S.M. compte actuellement plus de cinq mille membres disséminés sur un vaste territoire partant de Chicoutimi et remontant vers l’ouest, le long des rives du Saint-Laurent, jusqu’à la Basse Côte-Nord et Blanc-Sablons et vers l’est pour former un triangle jusqu’à Chibougamau. Ses membres réclament une reconnaissance officielle de leur identité et participent à une lutte juridique pour leur inclusion dans une catégorie légale particulière, celle de « Métis », offrant à ses membres des droits autochtones de subsistance sur un territoire donné. L’émergence de la C.M.D.R.S.M. date de 2005 mais elle est intrinsèquement liée et répond à plusieurs contextes, plus ou moins récents, d’ordre politico-juridique. Cette émergence a créé un effet de surprise puisque, d’une part, la recherche académique sur les Métis était encore largement tournée vers les Prairies canadiennes, et que, d’autre part, la C.M.D.R.S.M. constituait la première association au Québec à représenter des individus cherchant à obtenir le statut légal de Métis. Cette recherche tire ainsi son originalité du peu de sources permettant de mettre en contexte ces dynamiques, et, d’autre part de la relative nouveauté et rapidité avec lesquelles ce mouvement de revendications grandit au Québec mais aussi ailleurs au Canada et particulièrement dans les provinces Atlantiques de l’est du pays. Notre objectif a été de mettre en valeur la complexité des demandes de reconnaissance formulées par les membres de la C.M.D.R.S.M. dans l’espace publique, à la croisée entre dynamiques politiques, philosophiques, juridiques, historiques et ethno historiques. Il nous a semblé important de comprendre les origines de l’identification des membres et d’en décrypter ainsi l’apparente « nouveauté ». Si ces revendications ne sont exprimées que depuis récemment et ont été longtemps méconnues, l’argument qui voudrait qu’elles soient « sorties de nulle part » n’est simplement pas viable. Au contraire, elles se trouvent bien plutôt affixées, superposées, articulées aux narrations individuelles et collectives des membres. Nous avons cherché à comprendre ce qui a poussé et permis l’expression de cette identification dans l’espace public ainsi que le rôle fédérateur que la C.M.D.R.S.M. joue à cet égard. D’autre part, nous avons voulu comprendre ce que recouvre ce terme « métis » pour les individus qui s’y identifient : se voient-ils comme des individus à part, mettent-ils en valeur un mode de vie particulier ? Cette recherche éclaire ainsi des dynamiques grandissantes contribuant à l’enrichissement des connaissances dans le domaine de l’anthropologie et de l’ethnologie politique et des études métisses. / This dissertation explores the identity claims in which are engaged the members of the Communauté métisse du Domaine du Roi et de la Seigneurie de Mingan (C.M.D.R.S.M.), located in Quebec. The C.M.D.R.S.M. is a political association consisting of more than five thousand members spread out on a vast territory starting from Chicoutimi and westward along the coast of the St. Lawrence, including the North Shore and Lower North shore of Québec (Blancs-Sablons), and eastward, extending from Chicoutimi to form a triangle with Chibougamau. Its members are currently fighting for the official recognition of their identity and are taking part in a legal battle so as to be included in a specific legal category, that of “Métis”. Those who are recognized as such detain aboriginal rights to hunt, fish and gather for subsistence on a given territory. The emergence of the C.M.D.R.S.M. dates back from 2005 and is intrinsically linked to numerous contextual circumstances, mainly political and legal in nature. Nonetheless, it came as somewhat of a surprise since, on the one hand, academic research on métis studies was still at that time largely preoccupied with the Canadian Prairies, and, on the other hand, the C.M.D.R.S.M. was the first Association in Québec to represent individuals who were claiming a specific legal status as Métis. The originality of this research thus stems first, from the scarcity of sources allowing to put these dynamics in context and, on the other hand, from both the relative novelty and the rapidity with which this identity claim movement is growing in Québec as well as in the rest of Canada. The Maritime Provinces are a case in point of this phenomenon. Our main objective was to cast light on the complexity of the claims formulated by the members of C.M.D.R.S.M. in the public space, at the crossroad between political, philosophical, legal and ethno historical dynamics. It seemed particularly pertinent to understand the origins of the members’ self-identification as Métis and to qualify the supposed “novelty” of the movement that emerged in the public space. If their claims are only expressed since recently having remained, for a very long time, invisible, the argument that they “come out of nowhere” is just not tenable. To the contrary, they are affixed, superposed, articulated to individual and collective narrations of the members. We focused on the various factors that triggered and allowed the expression of that self-identification in the public space as well as on the unifying role that the C.M.D.R.S.M. played in this regard. Furthermore, our goal was to decipher what the term “metis” referred to for those who identify as such: do they perceive themselves as a separate group characterized by a distinct life style? This research casts light on growing dynamics contributing therefore to broaden the state of knowledge in the fields of political anthropology and ethnology, as well as métis studies.

Subtitling is a discipline within the Audiovisual Translation (AVT) field that requires some special techniques and strategies to channel the information from a multichannel and polisemiotic document into a written text within the screen. It’s a constrained translation that demands an additional effort to convey the content and the form of the source text into the target one. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether the model of the kernel sentences and clausal ranks of the generative-transformational grammar would work as a more systematic method to extract the essential information of the audiovisual text and organize it in more concise and reduced units of text, i. e., the subtitles. We will also analyse whether this linguistic approach will be enough to meet our objective or if, on the other hand, other extralinguistic aspects intervene. The texts we will be using for our study are Roy Andersson’s commentary on three deleted scenes of his film “Songs from the second floor” and the documentary Den lilla människans storhet, a behind-the-scenes or making-of on the same feature.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2010-2011 / Ce mémoire porte sur trois musiques de concert que j'ai composées entre 2006 et 2009. Il traite plus spécifiquement de l'écriture par gestes-piliers dans la démarche compositionnelle qui a mené à leur réalisation. Au départ, ma réflexion sur la genèse de ces oeuvres - À propos des îles de lumières, Cinq pamphlets pour ailleurs et Les fatras du contre-jour - a mis au jour l'importance du concept d'art dans ma démarche. J'ai aussi noté que des notions comme intuition, intention, technique, imaginaire et projet esthétique sont essentielles à la compréhension de ce concept. Je me suis également penché plus spécifiquement sur ma méthode de composition : l'écriture par gestes-piliers s'est révélée comme l'axe principal de cette méthode. Je me suis alors questionné sur l'origine de ces gestes-piliers et j'ai identifié plusieurs sources d'influence, soit les musiques de Varèse, Scelsi, Sciarrino et Berio. Outre l'introduction et la conclusion, ce mémoire est construit en deux parties : chapitre 1, l'énoncé des différents concepts nécessaires à la compréhension de ma démarche compositionnelle et chapitre 2, l'illustration et l'analyse de l'écriture par gestes-piliers dans les oeuvres à l'étude.

This study presents a critical investigation into the teaching of computer ethics. A qualitative pluralistic approach (a mixture of qualitative approaches) was used to investigate case studies of teaching computer ethics to university-level students from Bahrain. The main issue was that ethics to Arabs and Muslims is a matter of religion than a matter of philosophy whereas the dominant perception in the academic literature which discussed computer ethics teaching is that computer ethics is a form of practical philosophy and hence separate from religion. In order to shed light on this, the study investigated computer ethic’s perceptions and teaching practices which were occurring in universities in Bahrain. The study found that the issue was not a matter of perception but rather a matter of confusion and a misconception. Computer ethics was being confused with morality, religion, basic computer skills to name just a few. And such confusion was causing computer ethics to gradually disappear from the curriculum and become substituted with concepts which were not necessarily capable of building students’ ethical thinking. The study recommends that computer ethics teachers and policy makers from Bahrain distinguish computer ethics from religion, morality and from any other concept and identify it as an independent field of study, also teachers need to involve their students in social and ethical analysis of various kinds so that students understand that ethics is not a set of rules on what is forbidden and allowed aimed at providing straightforward answers to a given problem but rather ethics is a ‘cognitive tool’; a mechanism through which different competing ethical theories and standards are used to reflect on a given problem.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.