This thesis argues that a prominent concern among contemporary writers of fiction is the recuperation of lost or occluded histories. Increasingly, contemporary writers, especially postcolonial writers, are using the medium of fiction to explore those areas of political and cultural history that have been written over or unwritten by the dominant narrative of “official” History. The act of excavating these past histories is simultaneously both traumatic and liberating – which is not to suggest that liberation itself is without pain and trauma. The retelling of traumatic pasts can lead, as is portrayed in The God of Small Things (1997), to further trauma and pain. Postcolonial writers (and much of the world today can be construed as postcolonial in one way or another) are seeking to bring to the fore stories of the past which break down the rigid binaries upon which colonialism built its various empires, literal and ideological. Such writing has in a sense been enabled by the collapse, in postcolonial and postmodernist discourse, of the Grand Narrative of History, and its fragmentation into a plurality of competing discourses and histories. The associated collapse of the boundary between history and fiction is recognized in the useful generic marker “historiographic metafiction,” coined by Linda Hutcheon. The texts examined in this study are all variants of this emerging contemporary genre. What they also have in common is a concern with the consequences of exile or diaspora. This study thus explores some of the representations of how the exilic experience impinges on the development of identity in the postcolonial world. The identities of “displaced” people must undergo constant change in order to adjust to the new spaces into which they move, both literal and metaphorical, and yet critical to this adjustment is the cultural continuity provided by psychologically satisfying stories about the past. The study shows that what the chosen texts share at bottom is their mutual need to retell the lost pasts of their characters, the trauma that such retelling evokes and the new histories to which they give birth. These texts generate new histories which subvert, enrich, and pre-empt formal closure for the narratives of history which determine the identities of nations.

This study performs a critical analysis of the representation of Afrikaner and British masculinity in the first season of the South African War (1899-1902) television series Arende (1989-1993). The study first identifies key concepts in both western identity and masculinity and then moves on to build an historical theoretical base from which season one is analysed. This theoretical base is created through the assimilation of historical sources dealing with masculinity and masculine events from both the Afrikaners and the British. In order to provide a suitable foundation for the investigation into masculinity, the study first briefly explores the concept of identity and how it manifests in both the Afrikaner and British society represented in the first season of Arende. This was done by using a psychological model designed by Roy F Baumeister (1986) which involves both individual and societal identity. Identity as a social construct is also investigated, and the question why identity matters in society is discussed Arguments for a structuralist semiotic approach to identity in a particular society are presented. In dealing with the overview of dominant western masculinity a number of key terms were identified and discussed. These include patriarchy, the female body and masculine control, social labelling, gender order and ‘women watching,’ the family unit, division of labour and public and private space, hegemonic masculinity and the male hero. After this overview, the study conducted an assimilation exercise into historic Afrikaner and British masculinity during the time before and after the South African War. This discussion centres on a number of points dealing with both societies, namely the model male, male military tradition, masculine rebels/outcasts and other masculine issues, and male relations with women. The final part of this study involves the analysis of the masculine theory, generated in the previous chapter, on the Arende text. This was done by selecting six characters from each of the two societies in season one and describing how they represent themselves in a masculine manner (or not). / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Visual Arts / unrestricted

No description available.

Sur la montagne nue est un recueil de huit nouvelles à la forme particulière: les textes sont divisés en paragraphes qui présentent, en alternance, deux voix, deux femmes distinctes. Ces femmes parlent d’elles-mêmes à la troisième personne du singulier. Il n’y a pas de dialogues, seulement des voix qui se donnent l’une après l’autre et qui se rejoignent par le biais de la mémoire. Il s’agit de nouvelles certes, mais elles ont été écrites pour la scène, pour des comédiennes, pour être entendues. De surcroît, les propos de ces textes sont généralement autofictionnels. Dans la partie théorique, je questionne le choix d’une narration à la troisième personne pour l’écriture de l’autofiction. Pour ce faire, je compare mon travail avec la pratique de Gabrielle Roy, Marguerite Duras et Annie Ernaux qui ont elles aussi, dans certains moments de leurs oeuvres, choisi ce type de narration pour l’écriture de soi.

"Thèse en cotutelle, doctorat en études littéraires, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D. )et Université Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France" / À la fin du XIXe siècle, la naissance du journal d’information et du reportage au Canada français contribue à l’émergence d’une littérature de terrain. Au confluent d’échanges, de circulations et d’influences, l’écrivain journaliste canadien-français circule sur le territoire peu peuplé et vaste d’une population francophone éparpillée, un contexte à des kilomètres de la scénographie aventurière qui a nourri le genre et ses fictions les plus connues ailleurs en Occident. Cette thèse s’intéresse à cette forme en dehors des genres canoniques, une littérature qui s’étend des « Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer » d’Arthur Buies jusqu’aux « Peuples du Canada » de Gabrielle Roy, en passant par l’enquête sur les Franco-Américains de Jules Fournier et par l’incursion chez les draveurs d’Eva Senécal. En amont, c’est la densité introspective des voyages d’Arthur Buies dans les années 1870 qui incarne l’ancêtre du grand reportage au Québec, tandis qu’en aval, c’est la lucidité et l’intimisme de l’écriture de Gabrielle Roy à travers le Canada qui constituent l’aboutissement de ce corpus encore largement méconnu. De fait, la thèse interroge précisément l’absence du reportage dans l’histoire de la littérature québécoise à travers l’idée d’un décalage entre la pratique littéraire du reportage au Québec et les définitions les plus répandues du grand reportage français ou du journalisme littéraire américain. En analysant les spécificités d’un corpus en contrepoint d’une toile mondiale complexe, l’étude jette ainsi un éclairage sur les raisons qui ont contribué à l’oubli du reportage, suggérant du même mouvement qu’une telle fragilité recouvre aussi sans doute la singularité même d’un corpus à l’intersection de la culture littéraire et du désordre du monde. / At the end of the 19th century, the birth of the commercial newspaper contributed to the emergence of a new genre, the reportage, and the development of literary journalism in the Western World. Yet, newspapers in French Canada evolved in a particular context, very different from the more adventurous settings that contributed to reportage’s impressive reputation in North American and French culture. In Quebec, journalists traveled and worked on a vast territory sparsely populated by the French-speaking population. This thesis shed lights on this context and presents the history of literary journalism in the province, from Arthur Buies’s “Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer” to Gabrielle Roy’s “People of Canada”, including lesser-known works such as Jules Fournier’s pieces on the Franco-Americans and Eva Senécal’s incursion into the lives of log drivers. From the 1870s to the 1940s, the study of reportage reveals a great number of articles, most of them unknown, published in different newspapers. The absence of reportage from the history of literature is at the heart of this thesis. By examining literary journalism in French Canada alongside the most widely used definitions of the “grand reportage” and American literary journalism, this study highlights some of the reasons that account for this absence, suggesting at the same time that the fragility of the corpus also encompasses the uniqueness of this body of work located at the intersection of literary culture and field journalism.

Ce mémoire présente la correspondance envoyée par le Père Henri Roy, fondateur de laJOC canadienne et de l'Institut séculier Pie-X, à un de ses proches collaborateurs, M. Paul M. Demers. Cette correspondance est reproduite intégralement et de façon exactement fidèle aux documents originaux conservés aux archives de l'Institut séculier Pie-X. En plus de rendre accessible cette correspondance, le mémoire présente un début d'analyse de quelques lettres permettant une clé d'interprétation au vocabulaire et expressions propres au milieu de la JOC des années 1940. Une courte biographie permet de situer Henri Roy et Paul Demers, les acteurs de cet échange de lettres.

L'objectif général de cette thèse est d'étudier le fonctionnement spécifique de chacun des deux axes qui caractérisent le discours de l'histoire littéraire : le discours historique et le discours critique, ainsi que les rapports qui les réunissent â l'intérieur du premier manuel d'histoire littéraire publié au Québec, celui de Camille Roy.L'étude théorique des rapports entre la littérature, l'enseignement et les manuels a nécessité un travail préliminaire ayant pour but de préciser le lieu et la force d'intervention de chacun de ces éléments dans le choix des auteurs recensés, la périodisation, les jugements ... Une comparaison entre les manuels de Jean Calvet et de Camille Roy a permis, en dépit de la différence des corpus étudiés (littérature française vs_ littérature canadienne-française) d'établir une typologie du manuel d'histoire littéraire et de constater la cohérence pédagogique de l'enseignement classique au Québec dans les années 1920-1940. Par la suite, l'étude des variantes subies par le manuel de Camille Roy dans ses diverses éditions a mis en valeur les possibilités de variations dans les éléments dits permanents de l'histoire littéraire : corpus, genres, auteurs. Elle a aussi établi une rupture entre l'édition de 1930 et celle de 1939 qui présentent des textes incompatibles : il y a en fait deux manuels. L'analyse interne du manuel le situe dans un moment donné de l'histoire : l'entre-deux guerres. Le discours du manuel révèle les tensions qui gèrent l'enseignement : conflits politiques entre l'Etat et le clergé, conflits de valeurs entre l'histoire littéraire et la rhétorique classique, le premier se situant surtout sur l'axe historique et le second sur l'axe critique. Le rapport entre les deux nous permet d'avancer que la spécificité du discours d'un manuel d'histoire littéraire se situe là, dans l'histoire et les luttes qui le déterminent et qui sont à la base de tous les choix (corpus, périodes, genres, auteurs) que le rédacteur et l'enseignant auront à faire face à l'étudiant auquel ils destinent ce discours.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les contributions de Clément Colson à la science économique dans le but de mieux connaître sa pensée, de mieux connaître l’École libérale française au début du XXème siècle, d’étudier l’influence qu’a pu avoir cet auteur sur ses principaux élèves, Divisia, Roy et Rueff, et d’évaluer l’actualité de certaines de ses recommandations.Le premier chapitre montre quels sont les apports théoriques de Colson à la science économique.Pour ses élèves, son principal apport serait la théorie de la détermination conjointe du salaire et du taux d’intérêt. Nous montrerons que cette théorie est proche de la règle de gestion optimale en microéconomie attribuée à Clark ; nous verrons alors que l’on peut parler de découverte multiple.Colson est également intéressant au point de vue de la méthode utilisée. Nous verrons alors qu’il utilise les statistiques et les mathématiques dans ses développements : il est à l’origine d’une évaluation pionnière du revenu de la France, son enseignement impulse le calcul économique, il peut être considéré comme un précurseur de l’économétrie en France. Le deuxième chapitre montre que Colson développe la méthode de tarification des voies de communication exploitées en monopole de Jules Dupuit en proposant des moyens pratiques de révélation des préférences. Nous verrons également que cette théorie est reprise de nos jours avec le Yield Management et par les compagnies aériennes à bas coûts. Le troisième chapitre a pour but de voir comment Colson prend en compte la question sociale. Nous verrons qu’il défend une intervention de l’État plus importante que d’autres économistes libéraux afin d’éviter que les ouvriers ne se tournent vers le socialisme. Le quatrième chapitre étudie l’intervention de l’État préconisée par Colson dans le domaine des chemins de fer. Nous verrons que dans ce domaine où l’État est très présent, l’auteur souhaite le limiter. Il préfère ainsi la concession à la régie et souhaite la construction de nouvelles lignes uniquement si elles sont rentables. Nous verrons qu’à nouveau, la crainte du socialisme n’est pas étrangère à ses positions. Sur chacun des thèmes, nous verrons que Colson accorde à la pratique une place importante. Au niveau théorique tout part de l’observation et se termine par l’observation, au niveau pratique il est marqué par les préoccupations de son époque. / The object of this dissertation is to analyse the contributions of Clément Colson to the economics in order to be better acquainted with his thought, with the French Liberal School at the beginning of the 20th century, to see the influence he had on his main students, Divisia, Roy and Rueff, and to evaluate the actuality of his recomandations. The first chapter develops the Colson’s theoretical contributions.For his students, his main contribution would be the theory of the joint setting of wage and of the interest rate. We will explain this theory is close to the optimal management rule in microeconomics attributed to Clark; we will see we can speak then about multiple discovery.Colson is interesting too from the point of view of the method used. We will see he uses statistics and mathematics in his developments: he makes one of the first assesments of the French income, his lectures develop economics calculus, he can be seen as a precursor of econometrics in France. The second chapter shows that Colson develops the Jules Dupuit pricing method for means of communications exploited by a monopoly by proposing practical way of preferences revelation. We will show too that this theory is used nowadays with the Yield Management and by airline lowcost companies.The third chapter has for purpose to see how Colson takes into account the social question. We will see he argues for a more important State intervention than other liberal economists in order to avoid workers to turn to socialism. The fourth chapter is devoted to the State intervention recommended by Colson in the field of railways. We will see that in this field in which the State is very present, the author wishes to limit it. So he prefers the concession to the public exploitation and wishes construction of new railway lines just if they are profitable. We will see again that the fear of socialism is not stranger to his positions. On each theme, we will see that Colson gives an important place to the practice. At the theoretical level all starts and finishes with the observation, at the practice level he is influenced by the preoccupations of his time.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CesarSartorelli.pdf: 82712403 bytes, checksum: 53117bf040d047558c5f13fe79e7bff9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Overall this sciences of religions essay is about architecture and art, but mainly its object is to treat specifically the fields wich refer to both the construction of religious spaces, and the hole art contained inside them and rised from them as well. These fields encircle painting, sculpture and, in addition, furniture and special pieces designed for the indoor spaces. More specifically, this essay also builts and reports its reflections based on the contemporary christian artwork and architectural spaces, produced and projected by artist and vernacular architect Claudio Pastro. The analysis in this essay approaches Pastro's biography through his unique process of working and criating, as a painter, pictorial artist, architect and sacred art expert. The second chapter explores Pastro's conceptions between sacred art and religious art, which are indeed different: each conception is clearly refeared, explained, discussed, compared to the other ones, and looked over through the eyes of Mircea Eliade's and Rudolf Otto's fenomenology. Still in the field of the Teology of the Art, the thinking of Romano Guardini about the sacred and the religious is also shown. In the third chapter we have a timeline brief of the history of art and sacred architecture, the bases of Pastro's work; then, a comparative study between his conception about the modern project related to the architecture and the vanguard arts. We also comment some brazilian architects projects, wich he admire and influenced him. Furthermore we comment the II Council of the Vatican and its propositions of liturgical renewal, wich led to the renew of sacred architeture and art, home of Pastro's realm of inspiration and concepts. We end with the analysis and critical reviewing of nine of his chapels and churches already built. In the conclusion, we comment the repercussion of Claudio Pastro's works, and the importance of his figure within the brazilian artistic and architectural panorama, as well as the concerns and limits of his concepts. Alongside with these questions, we leave to open minds some other further questions to be treated, about the relationships between art and religion, and art and the sacred. / Este trabalho em ciências da religião trata de arte e arquitetura, num campo especializado de ambas, que é a construção de espaços religiosos e a arte que nele se insere, abrangendo pintura, escultura, e o design de peças e mobiliário de seu interior. Mais especificamente estaremos tratando de arte e arquitetura sacras cristãs, contemporâneas, através da obra do artista sacro e arquiteto vernacular Claudio Pastro. A análise se inicia através de sua biografia e desenvolvimento de processo de trabalho, como artista plástico, gráfico, arquiteto vernacular e estudioso de arte sacra e espaço litúrgico. A seguir suas concepções, que colocam uma diferenciação entre arte sacra e arte religiosa, serão explicadas e discutidas, observadas através da fenomenologia de Mircea Eliade e Rudolf Otto. No âmbito da Teologia da Arte também exporemos o pensamento de Romano Guardini, citado como fonte dos conceitos de Claudio Pastro sobre sagrado e religioso. No terceiro capítulo fazemos um breve histórico da história da arte e arquitetura sacras, sobre o qual se apoia seu trabalho, acrescido de um estudo comparativo de sua concepção de arquitetura em relação ao projeto moderno , e com as vanguardas artísticas em artes plásticas. Comentamos também alguns projetos de arquitetos brasileiros que o influenciaram e que admira. De dentro da Igreja trataremos do Concílio Vaticano II e suas propostas de renovação litúrgica, que implicaram em renovações na arte e arquitetura sacras, a qual se filia Claudio Pastro. Encerramos com a análise e crítica de nove projetos de capelas e igrejas por ele realizados. Na conclusão situamos a repercussão de seus trabalhos e seu papel dentro da arte e arquitetura sacras católicas brasileiras, na prática, assim como a pertinência e limites de suas concepções e conceitos. No questionamento destes conceitos e concepções situamos questões em aberto, pertinentes à relação entre arte e religião, arte e o sagrado.

The purpose of this study was to determine how pain in PLHIV on community home based care programme was managed using the Roy adaptation model (RAM) as the theoretical framework. This study used a descriptive mixed method research design which allowed for the research topic to be investigated and described in terms of both narrative qualitative accounts and descriptive statistics. A sequential exploratory approach was adopted in which qualitative data collection was conducted in the initial phase followed by quantitative data collection. Ten qualitative interviews, guided by the components of the RAM were conducted in the initial phase and a structured interview schedule (questionnaire) partially based on the result of the qualitative phase and (which was also structured in accordance with the RAM) was administered to 120 respondents who met the inclusion criteria of being on CHBC. Convenience sampling was used to select study participants and respondents in both phases of the study. Peripheral neuropathy was the most common pain syndrome experienced by patients. More females suffered numbness/tingling sensation of toes, followed by chest pains than their male counterparts. Pain experienced was moderate to severe which was not treated effectively. The study findings could assist health care providers, policy makers and researchers to invest into improving pain management for PLHIV, strengthen education of patients and their primary caregivers on the causes of pain and modalities to employ for pain relief and implement palliative care guidelines for PLHIV. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)