Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jailson Pimentel - Parte 1.pdf: 1784235 bytes, checksum: f7993baeef9a2342c1f02de895b3895d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em desenvolver uma alternativa metodológica para o ensino de Geometria a partir do nono ano do ensino fundamental, com o propósito de despertar no aluno motivação por meio de mecanismos dinamizadores do pensamento lógico dedutivo. Neste sentido, será considerado relevante o ensino de Geometria baseado em construções geométricas com régua e compasso, já que os livros didáticos, em geral, abandonaram esse método de ensino de Geometria no nono ano. Enfocaremos também algumas construções utilizando os recursos práticos do software GeoGebra. Este trabalho será composto e desenvolvido em duas etapas. A primeira será composta por um questionário, o qual contemplará uma revisão dos conteúdos considerados pré-requisitos para a segunda parte. A segunda será formada pelas construções geométricas com régua e compasso, objeto principal desse trabalho, além de construções utilizando os recursos práticos do software GeoGebra. Para isso, utilizaremos uma linguagem simples, detalhando passo a passo a construção de cada figura. Contudo, nos limitaremos a figuras planas. A proposta de continuidade do assunto contempla as construções através de planificações de uma figura em três dimensões. Em geral, a disciplina Desenho Geométrico não está contemplada na grade curricular das escolas públicas. Com isso, os alunos, principalmente do ensino fundamental, acreditam que o compasso serve apenas para traçar círculos, sendo que ele também pode ser utilizado como um instrumento de medida. Espera-se que este trabalho não só contribua para um entendimento teórico como também na melhoria das práticas pedagógicas nas aulas de Geometria, visto que os conteúdos e metodologias usadas aqui são destinados principalmente para auxílio dos professores de Matemática da educação básica / The purpose of this work is to develop an alternative methodology for teaching Geometry beginning in ninth grade level, with the purpose of awakening in student motivation through mechanisms that enhance deductive logical thinking. In this sense, geometry teaching based on geometric constructions with ruler and compass will be considered relevant, as textbooks generally abandoned this geometry teaching method in ninth grade. We will also focus some elaborations using the resources of practical software Geogebra. This work will be made and developed in two stages. The first one will consist of a questionnaire, which will include a review of the contents considered prerequisites for the second part. The second and main stage of this work is formed by geometric constructions with ruler and compass, and then elaborations using the practical features of the software Geogebra. For this, we will use a simple language, detailing step by step the construction of each geometric picture. However, we will limit ourselves to plane figures. The continuity proposal of the subject reaches the constructions through flat pattern of a picture in three dimensions. In general, the discipline Geometric Drawing is not present in the public schools curriculum. Thus, students, particularly the ones from elementary school, believe that the measure serves only to draw circles, and it can also be used as a measuring instrument. It is hoped that this work will not only contribute to an understanding of theoretical as well as the improvement of teaching practices in geometry classes, since the contents and methodologies used here are intended, primarily, to help mathematics teachers of basic education

Nossa investigação explora a possibilidade de o tema da paideia ser um eixo comum em torno do qual se articulam os textos de Xenofonte de Atenas, autor do século IV a.C. Julgamos que essa perspectiva se justifica em razão da importância que esse autor atribui à construção de retratos de homens paradigmáticos. Ilustramos esse procedimento com a análise do retrato que o próprio Xenofonte constrói para si, na Anabase. É sobretudo a partir da análise desses retratos que podemos ver, em Xenofonte, a discussão do tema da paideia. Os estudos que aqui empreendemos concentram-se no tema da paideia do governante. Nesse horizonte, oferecemos uma possível leitura para o retrato daquele que o autor considera a contrafacção do governante ideal, o tirano Hierão, de diálogo homônimo. Por fim, ocupamo-nos dos elementos que compõem o retrato xenofôntico do governante paradigmático, Ciro, o velho, da Ciropédia. / Our research explores the possibility of the theme of paideia as a common axis around which are articulated the texts of Xenophon of Athens, author of the fourth century BC. We believe that this perspective is justified because of the importance this author gives to the construction of portraits of paradigmatic men. We illustrate this procedure with the analysis of the portrait which Xenophon builds for himself in the Anabasis. It is mainly based on the analysis of such portraits that we can see, in Xenophon, the discussion on the theme of paideia. The studies undertaken here focus on the theme of the ruler\'s paideia. In this horizon, we offer a possible reading for the portrait of the man the author considers the counterfeiting of the ideal ruler, the tyrant Hiero, in the corresponding dialogue. Finally we deal with the elements that make up the portrait of Xenophons paradigmatic ruler, Cyrus the Great, of the Cyropaedia.

Nanoscale structures play a fundamental role in diverse scientific areas, including biology and information technology. It is necessary to develop methods that can observe nanoscale structures and dynamic processes that involve them. Colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles (plasmonic “atoms”) and their clusters (plasmonic “molecules”) are nanoscale objects with remarkable optical properties that provide new opportunities for sensing and imaging on the relevant length and time scales. Many biology questions require optically monitoring of the dynamic behavior of biological systems on single molecule level. In contrast to the commonly used fluorescent probes which have the problem of bleaching, blinking and relatively weak signals, plasmonic probes display superb brightness, persistency and photostability, thus enable long observation time and high temporal and spacial resolutions. When plasmonic atoms are clustered together, their resonances redshift while the intensities increase as a result of plasmon coupling. These optical responses are dependent on the interparticle gaps and the overall geometry, which makes plasmonic molecules capable of detecting biomolecule clustering and measuring nanometer scale distance fluctuations. In this dissertation, individual plasmonic atoms are firstly evaluated as imaging probe and their interactions with lipid membrane are tested on a newly developed on-chip black lipid membrane system. Subsequently, plasmonic dimers (plasmon rulers) prepared through DNA-programmed self-assembly are monitored to detect the mechanical properties of single biopolymers. Measurement of the spring constant of short (tens of nucleotides or base pairs) DNAs is demonstrated through plasmon coupling microscopy. Colloidal plasmonic atoms of various materials, sizes and shapes scatter vivid colors in the full-visible range. Assembling them into plasmonic molecules provides additional degrees of freedom for color manipulation. More importantly, the electric field in the gaps of plasmonic molecules can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude, which is highly desirable in single molecule sensing applications. In this dissertation, the fundamentals of plasmonic coupling are investigated through one-dimensional gold nanosphere chains. Using the directed self-assembly approach, multichromatic color-switchable plasmonic nanopixels composed of plasmonic atoms and molecules of various materials, sizes, shapes and geometries are integrated in one image with nanometer precision, which facilitates the encoding of complex spectral features with high relevance in security tagging and high density optical data storage. / 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Over the few years that led to the creation of the constitutional law of the Islamic republic of Iran, I (the author) noticed a series of ambiguous and often contradictory points in its contents. Discovering the roots and the causes of such contradictions became my priority. After the Iranian Revolution (1979) intellectuals were confronted with very new experiences. For example, Shi'ah has always been a minority in the history of Islam. Therefore, Shi 'ah Fuqaha never experienced direct rule over people. Direct pressures from this new experience brought about the desire and the need for a shift in certain interpretations of the Shi'ah tradition. It became evident that religious laws did not have in them the power and the wisdom to provide answers to the issues and dilemmas of the modern times, hence the need for a fresh approach. One such issue was the discussion of legitimacy of power. 18 years on, the heated debate is still ongoing. Traditional Shi'ah theorists believed that all rulers are illegitimate except the one that represents the 12th Imam who has been absent for the last 1000 years. According to Shi'ah, this representation can only be made by elite clergy who have the ability to understand, fully, the history of Islam and Shi'ah. They also claim that Shari 'ah laws must be implemented in their entirety and according to the teachings of Qur'an and the 12 Infallible Imam. They further argue that the people as a whole have no role in determining the legitimacy of the ruler, as He has been appointed to implement divine laws and people must obey. With time, though, such attitudes were modified. Especially after the Islamic revolution in Iran (1979), new interpretations began to surface. Discussion of three fundamental elements relating to the shift of the Islamic viewpoints during the last 100 years and in particular after the Iranian revolution (1979) forms the main body of this thesis. These are: " Divine law " Divine Ruler " Role of the People The hypothesis of the thesis is that fundamental philosophical positions on all of the above three issues have been the subject of change and modification, to some extent and according to "time" and "place". This change does not reflect the abandoning of the Islamic faith by Muslims, but rather indicates the ability of this dynamic religion to modify itself with time'. These changes have also been associated with varying degrees of ambiguity and contradiction, which will be the subject of detailed discussions in this work. Viewpoints of other outstanding scholars who tried to address these issues will also be presented. Two theories have been expressed in relation to the shift in the Shi'ah political thinking; " Islam's ability to adapt with "time" and "place" and new issues " "Change", in itself, defies the very existence of religion Both theories have been the subject of extensive debates. Traditional Muslims and Non-Muslims criticise Islam for supporting the latter view, whereas revivalists sympathise with the former. It must be mentioned also that reference throughout 1 Iqbal. Enayat. Lambton II this work is only made to those scholars who have used Islamic sources for their reasoning, i. e., not to many others who have engaged in these discussions as independent figures. Also discussed- will be the traditional Islam represented by the majority of the Assembly of the Islamic Experts (Majles-i Khobregan) which in effect was the main creator of the Iranian Constitution. / Ministry of Culture and Higher Education of Iran

The goal of this mixed methods study was to examine educator and student perceptions of the implementation of social-emotional learning (SEL) and the RULER (i.e., recognizing, understanding, labeling, expressing, and regulating) approach in a Catholic school. The study investigated the perceptions of teachers, staff, and students about the implementation of SEL and RULER across elementary and middle school grade levels. The RULER approach is a K–12 SEL initiative designed to build the emotional intelligence and social-emotional competencies of all members of a school community. Data were gathered over a 4-month period through interviews with teachers and students, an educator survey, document analysis, and classroom and campus walkthroughs. The study produced findings around SEL and RULER implementation. The findings suggested SEL and RULER was valued by educators but there are challenges to implementation that may be obviated if the implementation team has a thorough understanding of the process of implementation of an initiative. Recommendations are provided to public and Catholic elementary and middle school leaders and SEL and RULER developers.

Over the few years that led to the creation of the constitutional law of the Islamic republic of Iran, I (the author) noticed a series of ambiguous and often contradictory points in its contents. Discovering the roots and the causes of such contradictions became my priority. After the Iranian Revolution (1979) intellectuals were confronted with very new experiences. For example, Shi'ah has always been a minority in the history of Islam. Therefore, Shi 'ah Fuqaha never experienced direct rule over people. Direct pressures from this new experience brought about the desire and the need for a shift in certain interpretations of the Shi'ah tradition. It became evident that religious laws did not have in them the power and the wisdom to provide answers to the issues and dilemmas of the modern times, hence the need for a fresh approach. One such issue was the discussion of legitimacy of power. 18 years on, the heated debate is still ongoing. Traditional Shi'ah theorists believed that all rulers are illegitimate except the one that represents the 12th Imam who has been absent for the last 1000 years. According to Shi'ah, this representation can only be made by elite clergy who have the ability to understand, fully, the history of Islam and Shi'ah. They also claim that Shari 'ah laws must be implemented in their entirety and according to the teachings of Qur'an and the 12 Infallible Imam. They further argue that the people as a whole have no role in determining the legitimacy of the ruler, as He has been appointed to implement divine laws and people must obey. With time, though, such attitudes were modified. Especially after the Islamic revolution in Iran (1979), new interpretations began to surface. Discussion of three fundamental elements relating to the shift of the Islamic viewpoints during the last 100 years and in particular after the Iranian revolution (1979) forms the main body of this thesis. These are: " Divine law " Divine Ruler " Role of the People The hypothesis of the thesis is that fundamental philosophical positions on all of the above three issues have been the subject of change and modification, to some extent and according to "time" and "place". This change does not reflect the abandoning of the Islamic faith by Muslims, but rather indicates the ability of this dynamic religion to modify itself with time'. These changes have also been associated with varying degrees of ambiguity and contradiction, which will be the subject of detailed discussions in this work. Viewpoints of other outstanding scholars who tried to address these issues will also be presented. Two theories have been expressed in relation to the shift in the Shi'ah political thinking; " Islam's ability to adapt with "time" and "place" and new issues " "Change", in itself, defies the very existence of religion Both theories have been the subject of extensive debates. Traditional Muslims and Non-Muslims criticise Islam for supporting the latter view, whereas revivalists sympathise with the former. It must be mentioned also that reference throughout 1 Iqbal. Enayat. Lambton II this work is only made to those scholars who have used Islamic sources for their reasoning, i. e., not to many others who have engaged in these discussions as independent figures. Also discussed- will be the traditional Islam represented by the majority of the Assembly of the Islamic Experts (Majles-i Khobregan) which in effect was the main creator of the Iranian Constitution.

Der Förster-Resonanzenergietransfer (FRET) liefert einen wichtigen Beitrag bei der Untersuchung kleinskaliger biologischer Systeme und Prozesse. Möglich wird dies durch die r-6-Abhängigkeit des FRET, die es erlaubt Abstände und strukturelle Änderungen weit unterhalb der Beugungsgrenze des Lichts mit hoher Sensitivität und geringem Aufwand zu bestimmen. Die besonderen photophysikalischen Eigenschaften von Terbiumkomplexen (LTC) und Quantenpunkten (QD) machen sie zu geeigneten Kandidaten für hochsensitive und störungsarme Multiplex-Abstandsmessungen in biologischen Systemen und Prozessen. Die Abstandsbestimmungen setzen jedoch eine genaueste Kenntnis des Mechanismus des Energietransfers von LTC auf QD ebenso voraus, wie das Wissen um Größe und Gestalt letzterer. Quantenpunkte haben im Vergleich zu biologischen Strukturen ähnliche Dimensionen und können nicht als punktförmig betrachtet werden, wie es bei einfacheren Farbstoffen möglich ist. Durch ihre Form kommt es zu einer Abstandsverteilung innerhalb des Donor-Akzeptorsystems. Dies beeinflusst den Energietransfer und damit die experimentellen Ergebnisse. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Energietransfer von LTC auf QD untersucht, um zu einer Aussage hinsichtlich des Mechanismus der Energieübertragung und der dabei zu berücksichtigenden photophysikalischen und strukturellen Parameter von LTC und QD zu gelangen. Mit der Annahme einer Abstandsverteilung sollten die Größen der Quantenpunkte bestimmt und der Einfluss von Form und Gestalt auf den Energietransfer betrachtet werden. Die notwendigen theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen wurden eingangs dargestellt. Daran schlossen sich Messungen zur photophysikalischen Charakterisierung der Donoren und Akzeptoren an, die Grundlage der Berechnung der FRET-Parameter waren. Die Förster-Radien zeigten die für den FRET von LTC auf QD typischen extrem hohen Werte von bis zu 11 nm. Zeitaufgelöste Messungen der FRET-induzierten Lumineszenz der Donoren und Akzeptoren in den beiden biomolekularen Modellsystemen Zink-Histidin und Biotin-Streptavidin beschlossen den praktischen Teil. Als Donor wurde Lumi4Tb gebunden an ein Peptid bzw. Streptavidin genutzt, Akzeptoren waren fünf verschiedene, kommerziell erhältliche Quantenpunkte mit Carboxyl- bzw. Biotinfunktionalisierung. Bei allen Donor-Akzeptor-Paarungen konnte FRET beobachtet und ausgewertet werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die gesamte Emission des Terbiums zum Energietransfer beiträgt und der Orientierungsfaktor ² den Wert 2/3 annimmt. Die Charakterisierung der Bindungsverhältnisse innerhalb der FRET-Paare von LTC und QD über Verteilungsfunktionen bietet über die Form der Verteilungskurve die Möglichkeit Aussagen über die Gestalt der FRET-Partner zu treffen. So war es möglich, die mittlere Form der Quantenpunkte als Sphäre zu bestimmen. Dies entsprach, insbesondere bei den in z-Richtung des Kristallgitters elongierten Quantenpunkten, nicht den Erwartungen. Dieser Befund ermöglicht daher bei zukünftigen Messungen eine Verbesserung der Genauigkeit bei Abstandsbestimmungen mit Quantenpunkten. Neben der Ermittlung der die FRET-Verteilung bestimmenden Gestalt der Quantenpunkte konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit anhand vergleichender Messungen die Dicke der Polymerhülle der QD bestimmt und so gezeigt werden, dass FRET-Paare aus lumineszenten Terbiumkomplexen und Quantenpunkten in der Lage sind, Abstände im Nano- bis Sub-Nanometerbereich aufzulösen. / Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) plays an important role in the study of small-scale biological systems and processes. This is made possible by the r-6-dependence of FRET, which allows for determination of distances and structural changes far below the diffraction limit of light with high sensitivity and low costs. The unique photophysical properties of terbium complexes (LTC) and quantum dots (QDs) make them suitable candidates for high-sensitivity, low-noise multiplex distance measurements in biological systems and processes. Estimating distances with these FRET-pairs requires a precise knowledge of the mechanism of energy transfer from LTC to QD as well as the knowledge of size and shape of the latter. Quantum dots have, compared to biological structures, similar dimensions and therefore can not be considered as point-like, as it is possible with smaller dyes. Due to their shape, there is a distance distribution within the donor-acceptor system. This influences the energy transfer and hence the experimental results. In this work, the energy transfer from LTC to QD was examined to come to a conclusion regarding the mechanism of energy transfer and the photophysical and structural parameters of LTC and QD to be considered. The adoption of a FRET-distance distribution due to a size distribution of quantum dots should yield to a size estimation of the nanoparticles as well as a conclusion of the influence of shape and form on energy transfer. The necessary theoretical and practical principles were described at the outset of this work. This description of the basic concepts was followed by the photophysical characterization of the donors and acceptors and the calculation of FRET parameters. The calculated Förster radii were typical for the FRET from LTC to QD and showed extremely high values of up to 11 nm. Time-resolved measurements of the FRET-induced luminescence of donors and acceptors in two biomolecular model binding systems namely zinc-histidine and biotin-streptavidin binding rounded the practical part. FRET-donors used were commercially available Lumi4Tb complexes bound to streptavidin or a peptide, respectively. As FRET-acceptors five different commercially available quantum dots with carboxyl- or biotin-functionalisation were used. For all donor-acceptor pairs FRET could be observed and evaluated. It could be shown that the whole emission of terbium contributes to energy transfer. Furthermore the orientation factor ² was estimated to have a value of 2/3 when using LTC as FRET-donors and QD as FRET-acceptors. The characterization of the bonding within the FRET pairs of LTC and QD with distribution functions allows for statements about the shape of the FRET partners via shape of the distribution curves. It was possible to determine the average shape of the quantum dots as a sphere. This outcome was, especially for (in z-direction of the crystal lattice) elongated quantum dots, in the contrary to the expectations. This finding therefore allows for improving the accuracy of distance determinations with quantum dots. Based on comparative measurements it was also possible to determine the thickness of the polymer shell of the QD demonstrating that FRET pairs of luminescent terbium complexes and quantum dots are capable of determining distances in the nanometer to sub-nanometer range.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-22T15:29:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelocunhafigueiredo.pdf: 1448320 bytes, checksum: d5d065ce34898025ffe848fe7561fe67 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T14:09:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelocunhafigueiredo.pdf: 1448320 bytes, checksum: d5d065ce34898025ffe848fe7561fe67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T14:09:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelocunhafigueiredo.pdf: 1448320 bytes, checksum: d5d065ce34898025ffe848fe7561fe67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade mostrar uma metodologia de ensino dos números reais com base em fundamentos da Geometria Euclidiana. A régua e o compasso serão instrumentos de grande importância na construção dos conjuntos numéricos. Partindo das imagens geométricas dos números naturais e das operações entre seus elementos, iremos, gradativamente, construindo o conjunto dos números inteiros e dos racionais. Provaremos a existência de números que não são racionais e uma característica desses números que os livros didáticos, em sua maioria, não abordam: a questão da densidade dos conjuntos dos números racionais e irracionais no conjunto dos reais. A geometria euclidiana como suporte nos números reais facilita o entendimento do aluno e traz dinâmica nas operações entre esses números. Apresentamos também uma possibilidade de continuação da proposta de trabalho. / This paper aims to show a teaching methodology of real numbers on the grounds of Euclidean geometry. The ruler and compass are instruments of great importance in the construction of numerical sets. Based on the geometric images of the natural numbers and operations between its elements, we will gradually building the set of integers and rational numbers. We prove the existence of numbers that are not rational and a propertie of those numbers that textbooks mostly do not address: the question of density of the sets of rational and irrational in the set of real numbers. Euclidean geometry as real numbers in support facilitates student understanding and produces dynamic operations between these numbers. We also present a possible continuation of the proposed work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Bento Damacena.pdf: 649839 bytes, checksum: 5e5de7e48c9e0b0afd8e98f2a5ee83ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-14 / When the king had issues to deal with or wanted to hear the opinion of the most important men regarding any certain subject, he would gather lords and the most important members of the clergy for a meeting. In Portugal and in the kingdoms of Spain, these meetings were named Courts . In France, they were called General States . And in England, they were called Parliament . Each Parliament evolved and went through several stages until we got to the models of the 21st century. Several functions were attributed to the Parliaments, such as, for instance, to legislate and control the Executive Branch. However, amongst all its attributions, the representative function is fundamental, because it turns the Parliament into an institution that is essential for democracy. Representing the people s will is not easy, and choosing the representatives is not something simple to be done as well. Being a ruler or ruled brings about rights and duties for both sides. Should the congressman comply with the voter s will, his political party or his own beliefs? This study looks for answers for these questions by means of the analysis of the political representation in a democratic environment. More specifically, it examines Brazil and its Federal Parliament. The study of the complex relationship ruler-ruled and of the representative function of the Parliament contributes to point out possible paths and alternatives for the improvement of the Brazilian representative system. / Quando o rei tinha questões graves a tratar ou queria ouvir a opinião dos homens mais importantes sobre um determinado assunto, mandava chamar os grandes senhores da nobreza e os membros mais destacados do clero para uma reunião. Em Portugal e nos reinos da Espanha, a essas reuniões foi dado o nome de Cortes . Na França denominou-se Estados Gerais . E na Inglaterra, chamou-se Parlamento . Cada Parlamento se desenvolveu e conheceu diversas fases até chegarmos aos modelos do século XXI. Aos Parlamentos foram atribuídas diversas funções , como por exemplo legislar e efetuar o controle do Executivo. Mas, de todas as suas atribuições, a função representativa é fundamental, pois torna o Parlamento uma instituição indispensável para a realização da democracia. Representar a vontade do povo não é fácil, e fazer a escolha dos representantes também não é tarefa das mais simples. Ser governante ou governado produz direitos e deveres para os dois lados. O parlamentar deverá seguir a vontade do eleitor, do seu partido ou suas próprias convicções? Este trabalho busca respostas para essas questões por meio da análise da representação política em ambiente democrático. De forma mais específica, examina o Brasil e o seu Parlamento Federal. O estudo da complexa relação governante-governado e da função representativa do Parlamento contribuem para apontar possíveis caminhos e alternativas para o aperfeiçoamento do sistema epresentativo brasileiro.

The primary objective of this thesis is to evaluate how grid computing works with their infrastructure. It also provides study to recognize the cases in which dynamic scheduler is preferable, how can the static recovery schemes play an effective role in large distributed system where load balancing is a key element and how can we get optimality in maximum number of crash computers using dynamic or static recovery schemes. This thesis consists of two parts: construction of Golomb and Trapezium modules, and performance comparison of Golomb and Trapezium recovery schemes with dynamic recovery scheme. In the first part we construct two modules that generate the recovery list of n computers, one for Golomb and one for Trapezium. In second part we make three schedulers, two for static recovery scheme and one for dynamic recovery scheme. In static recovery scheme we compare the performance of Golomb and Trapezium recovery scheme then we compare this performance with dynamic recovery scheme by using GridSim. / 0046735991980, 0046766503096