M.Tech.

No description available.

Corticosteroide por via espinal é uma das alternativas no processo de tratamento da dor radicular quando o tratamento conservador falhou. Sua administração por via epidural vem sendo reavaliada devido ao risco de sequelas, provenientes da obstrução de vasos sanguíneos, associadas a outros efeitos adversos próprios dos corticosteroides. O presente estudo visou avaliar o efeito analgésico da administração de diferentes corticosteroides, exemplificados pela dexametasona e pela betametasona, administrados por via epidural. Vinte e seis pacientes portadores de dor neuropática secundária à hérnia de disco participaram do estudo. A punção sacral foi realizada com combinação de 40 mg de lidocaína, 30 µg de clonidina e 10 mg de dexametasona ou 10 mg de betametasona, diluídos para volume final 10 ml, com solução fisiológica a 0,9%, após comprovação com contraste não-iodado do perfeito posicionamento da agulha no espaço epidural. Este procedimento foi repetido uma vez por semana por 2 semanas seguidas, e após um intervalo de 3 semanas foi realizado mais duas vezes, uma vez por semana, sendo o total de 4 procedimentos por paciente. Treze pacientes iniciaram com dexametasona epidural durante as primeiras duas semanas, e prosseguiram com betametasona após período de descanso de três semanas, sendo que cada paciente atuou como seu próprio controle. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação à analgesia, incidência de efeitos adversos e alteração das concentrações plasmáticas de íons, cortisol, adrenocorticotrofina e glicemia. Vinte e três pacientes completaram o estudo. Cada paciente foi o seu próprio controle e, no mesmo paciente, o efeito analgésico da dexametasona foi superior ao da betametasona. (p<0,05). Cortisol e adrenocorticotrofina plasmáticos reduziram no sétimo dia após realização do bloqueio (p<0,05), As demais medidas de concentrações plasmáticas de íons Na+, K+, Ca++, glicemia inicial, pós-prandial e hemoglobina glicada foram semelhantes entre os grupos, e sem alteração quando comparados com valores iniciais (p>0,05). Ambos grupos relataram insônia relativa nos primeiros dias pós-bloqueio (p<0,05). Não houve alteração de peso corporal e da pressão arterial durante o tratamento entre os fármacos avaliados (p>0,05). Entretanto, 3 pacientes que receberam dexametasona e 2 que receberam betametasona inicialmente, apresentam medida de pressão ocular aumentada (p<0,05). Como conclusões, a analgesia da dexametasona foi superior quando comparada à da betametasona, (p<0,05). Entretanto ambos grupos apresentaram aumento da pressão ocular e prejuízo do sono noturno, não relevante este último. Finalmente, uma vez que a dexametasona foi superior à betametasona em relação à analgesia e demonstrada ser mais segura em relação à formação de agregados, sugere-se a dexametasona como escolha. / Although the primarily indication of epidural corticosteroids as part of the treatment of acute neuropathic pain when the conservative treatment have failed, recently there have been concerns related to which corticosteroid would be the best indication, as there is the risk of particulate aggregation and serious adverse effects secondary to their own pharmacological properties or intra vessel aggregation and obliteration, as well their efficacy as analgesics. This actual study was designed to evaluate two different corticosteroids, i.e., dexamethasone and betamethasone, as coajuvants in epidural management of acute radicular pain. Twenty-six patients with history of neuropathic pain secondary to disc herniation acted as their own control related to the epidural administration of dexamethasone and betamethasone. Sacral puncture was performed with a combination of 40 mg of lidocaine, 30 µg of clonidine and 10 mg of dexamethasone or 10 mg of betamethasone, diluted to final volume 10 ml with 0.9% physiological solution after non-iodinated contrast of the perfect positioning of the needle in the epidural space.Thirteen patients have started with dexamethasone during the first two weekly procedures, and after 3 weeks of wash-out were submitted to two weekly sequence of sacral betamethasone. The other patients have started with epidural betamethasone, followed by dexamethasone after 3-week rest. Each patient acted as its own control. Patients were evaluated related to analgesia, blood pressure, weight gain, adverse effects and plasmatic measurements of ions, glicemia, ACTH and cortisol. Twenty-three patients completed the study. The analgesic effect was higher when dexamethasone was used in the same patient (p <0.05) Plasma cortisol and ACTH reduced on the 7th day after the block (p<0.05). The plasmatic concentrations of the ions Na+, K+, Ca++, control and post-prandial glicemia, blood pressure, weight were similar between groups and did no differ from initial control values (p>0.05). Both groups reported relative insomnia in the first post-blockade days (P <0.05). However, 3 patients that received dexamethasone and 2 that received betamethasone had ocular pressure increase (p<0.05). As conclusions, both drugs resulted in still unaware increase in ocular pressure and sleep disturbance. Because dexamethasone analgesia was superior and there were no differences regarding adverse effects between either epidural betamethasone or dexamethasone, based on the literature, it would be more appropriate the utilization of dexamethasone.

Corticosteroide por via espinal é uma das alternativas no processo de tratamento da dor radicular quando o tratamento conservador falhou. Sua administração por via epidural vem sendo reavaliada devido ao risco de sequelas, provenientes da obstrução de vasos sanguíneos, associadas a outros efeitos adversos próprios dos corticosteroides. O presente estudo visou avaliar o efeito analgésico da administração de diferentes corticosteroides, exemplificados pela dexametasona e pela betametasona, administrados por via epidural. Vinte e seis pacientes portadores de dor neuropática secundária à hérnia de disco participaram do estudo. A punção sacral foi realizada com combinação de 40 mg de lidocaína, 30 µg de clonidina e 10 mg de dexametasona ou 10 mg de betametasona, diluídos para volume final 10 ml, com solução fisiológica a 0,9%, após comprovação com contraste não-iodado do perfeito posicionamento da agulha no espaço epidural. Este procedimento foi repetido uma vez por semana por 2 semanas seguidas, e após um intervalo de 3 semanas foi realizado mais duas vezes, uma vez por semana, sendo o total de 4 procedimentos por paciente. Treze pacientes iniciaram com dexametasona epidural durante as primeiras duas semanas, e prosseguiram com betametasona após período de descanso de três semanas, sendo que cada paciente atuou como seu próprio controle. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação à analgesia, incidência de efeitos adversos e alteração das concentrações plasmáticas de íons, cortisol, adrenocorticotrofina e glicemia. Vinte e três pacientes completaram o estudo. Cada paciente foi o seu próprio controle e, no mesmo paciente, o efeito analgésico da dexametasona foi superior ao da betametasona. (p<0,05). Cortisol e adrenocorticotrofina plasmáticos reduziram no sétimo dia após realização do bloqueio (p<0,05), As demais medidas de concentrações plasmáticas de íons Na+, K+, Ca++, glicemia inicial, pós-prandial e hemoglobina glicada foram semelhantes entre os grupos, e sem alteração quando comparados com valores iniciais (p>0,05). Ambos grupos relataram insônia relativa nos primeiros dias pós-bloqueio (p<0,05). Não houve alteração de peso corporal e da pressão arterial durante o tratamento entre os fármacos avaliados (p>0,05). Entretanto, 3 pacientes que receberam dexametasona e 2 que receberam betametasona inicialmente, apresentam medida de pressão ocular aumentada (p<0,05). Como conclusões, a analgesia da dexametasona foi superior quando comparada à da betametasona, (p<0,05). Entretanto ambos grupos apresentaram aumento da pressão ocular e prejuízo do sono noturno, não relevante este último. Finalmente, uma vez que a dexametasona foi superior à betametasona em relação à analgesia e demonstrada ser mais segura em relação à formação de agregados, sugere-se a dexametasona como escolha. / Although the primarily indication of epidural corticosteroids as part of the treatment of acute neuropathic pain when the conservative treatment have failed, recently there have been concerns related to which corticosteroid would be the best indication, as there is the risk of particulate aggregation and serious adverse effects secondary to their own pharmacological properties or intra vessel aggregation and obliteration, as well their efficacy as analgesics. This actual study was designed to evaluate two different corticosteroids, i.e., dexamethasone and betamethasone, as coajuvants in epidural management of acute radicular pain. Twenty-six patients with history of neuropathic pain secondary to disc herniation acted as their own control related to the epidural administration of dexamethasone and betamethasone. Sacral puncture was performed with a combination of 40 mg of lidocaine, 30 µg of clonidine and 10 mg of dexamethasone or 10 mg of betamethasone, diluted to final volume 10 ml with 0.9% physiological solution after non-iodinated contrast of the perfect positioning of the needle in the epidural space.Thirteen patients have started with dexamethasone during the first two weekly procedures, and after 3 weeks of wash-out were submitted to two weekly sequence of sacral betamethasone. The other patients have started with epidural betamethasone, followed by dexamethasone after 3-week rest. Each patient acted as its own control. Patients were evaluated related to analgesia, blood pressure, weight gain, adverse effects and plasmatic measurements of ions, glicemia, ACTH and cortisol. Twenty-three patients completed the study. The analgesic effect was higher when dexamethasone was used in the same patient (p <0.05) Plasma cortisol and ACTH reduced on the 7th day after the block (p<0.05). The plasmatic concentrations of the ions Na+, K+, Ca++, control and post-prandial glicemia, blood pressure, weight were similar between groups and did no differ from initial control values (p>0.05). Both groups reported relative insomnia in the first post-blockade days (P <0.05). However, 3 patients that received dexamethasone and 2 that received betamethasone had ocular pressure increase (p<0.05). As conclusions, both drugs resulted in still unaware increase in ocular pressure and sleep disturbance. Because dexamethasone analgesia was superior and there were no differences regarding adverse effects between either epidural betamethasone or dexamethasone, based on the literature, it would be more appropriate the utilization of dexamethasone.

Chromosomal anomaly is an abnormality of the number or structure of the chromosome. Based on this, they are classified as either numerical or structural. These anomalies can have a mild or severe effect on the phenotype of the carrier which depends on the chromosomal region involved and the genes implicated. They can be sporadic or inherited. Thus, it is essential to investigate such anomalies both prenatally and postnatally alike. In a standard cytogenetic lab, these anomalies can be detected using low-resolution or high-resolution karyotype, usually by performing GTG (G-bands by trypsin using Giemsa) on chromosomes undergoing mitosis, derived from blood. If higher resolution is required, there are various other molecular cytogenetic techniques available like FISH and microsatellite analysis. More recently, microarrays have opened a new era in the field of molecular genetics by greatly increasing the resolution of screening for copy number gains and losses. Using these techniques, we characterized deletions in the long arm of chromosome 7 in three clinical cases, identified the breakpoint, studied the inheritance pattern and compared our cases with the other cases carrying similar deletion in the literature. It was observed that the deletion was located at 7q36.2, 7q35 and 7q36.1 for cases 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Case 3 also carried a duplication of Xq28.

No description available.

1 Abstract In its six chapters, this thesis discusses the relations between secular and sacral Renaissance music. It shows that the secular and sacral music of the Renaissance period were influencing each other and had many similarities, in form and attributes, and as such can appear next to each other on musical recordings, concerts, etc. The art of the Renaissance constitutes a large and important chapter in the history of mankind. The first chapter of this thesis anchors the era of the Renaissance into its historical context, states definitions and characteristics. The second chapter focuses on Renaissance music, its historical background and the fundamentals of its style. The third chapter explains the concepts of sacral, liturgical and church music. The fourth chapter, the most comprehensive, discusses any actual reciprocal influence of secular and sacred Renaissance music in terms of their development in time the turn of the eras, Early Renaissance, High Renaissance, and the new currents and styles of 16th century. The matter under discussion is illustrated by the enclosed CD Renaissance Tunes . The fifth chapter concentrates on an analysis of the sacral work Missa l'homme armé by G. Dufay (parts Kyrie and Agnus Dei). Dufay was one of the first composers to use a secular tune in their masses,...

Uppsala Universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, Konstvetenskap Christina Jensen, jensenkfz@gmail.com Sakral konst i Renässans och Nutid - En betraktelse av Piero della Francescas "Kristi Dop". Sacral Art in the Renaissance and Today - A Study of Piero della Francesca´s "Baptism of Christ". The aim of the study is to examine the relevance of sacral art to modern secular viewers. I have chosen the painting "Baptism of Christ" by Piero della Francesca from the Italian renaissance, since it has a well-known christological theme and narrative. I compare the impact of the painting on a renaissance viewer with the impact on a modern secular viewer. The intention is to find a common ground in these two viewers experiences, the inner signification behind the symbolic expressions in the painting. The renaissance viewer is rendered against a cultural context of Roman-Catholic theology with gnostic and neo-platonic cogitations. The modern viewer is described in relation to Protestant theology and to a modern existentialist context. In analysing the viewers experiences I use the iconography-iconology method, the hermeneutic theory of play and the theory of the aesthetics of reception.  In comparing these viewers experiences and using a process of demythologization a considerably older symbolic content emerges. This has a universal relevance and constitute the inner signification behind the symbols in the painting, relevant both for the viewer from the renaissance and for the modern viewer of today, as well as for a far more distant historical viewer. When the symbolic expressions from the Judeo-Palestinian context are excluded from the interpretation universal archetypes elucidates, these have a capacity to influence the modern individuals intellectual and spiritual cogitations.

Para a execução deste trabalho, valemo-nos de trinta fetos de bovinos azebuados, fêmeas. Após o processo de conservação e de redução das peças, realizamos sua dissecção, com auxílio de instrumentos de cirurgia oftálmica e lupa circular de luz fria. Priorizamos a observação da origem do tronco do nervo pudendo registrando-a, maus freqüentem ente (76,7%) em relação ao segundo, terceiro e quarto nervos sacrais, destacando como contribuição mais conspícua, a que se refere ao terceiro nervo sacra (90%). Especificamos também as contribuições dos ramos ventrais dos nervos sacrais destinadas a cada um dos ramos, registrando participação mais freqüentemente do terceiro e quartos nervos, isto é: cutâneo proximal (56,7% à direita e 53,3% à esquerda), cutâneo distal (70% à direita e 56,7% à esquerda) e nervo pudendo (propriamente dito - 76,7% à direita e 73,3% à esquerda), considerandoo-os enquanto contidos na cavidade pélvica. Registramos o número de ramos representativos dos ramos cutâneos proximal e dista], sendo respectivamente encontrado em apresentação única à direita (63,3% - 96,7%) e à esquerda (66,7% - 83,3%); dupla à direita (23,3% - 3,3%) e à esquerda (23,3% - 16,7%) e tripla, exclusivamente para o ramo cutâneo proximal à esquerda (3,3%). Observamos também a emergência desses ramos da cavidade pélvica, representada para o ramo cutâneo proximal mais freqüentemente através do forame isquiático menor à direita (16,7%) e à esquerda (16,7%) oou perfurando o ligamento sacrotuberal largo à direita (46,7%) e à esquerda (50%) e, para o ramo cutâneo distal pela fossa ísquio-retal para ambos os antímeros (100%). 0 nervo pudendo (propriamente dito), no terço final da cavidade pélvica, origina sempre o ramo dorsal do clitóris e o ramo mamário (100%). Registramos ainda, ocorrência de ramo conectivo (\"anastomose\") entre um pequeno ramo que adentra a cavidade pélvica pela porção cranial do forame isquiático menor e o nervo pudendo (propriamente dito) ou um de seus ramos - o nervo perineal profundo (63,3%). Os resultados obtidos em relação ao comportamento do nervo pudendo em fetos de bovinos azebuados, fêmeas, de modo geral, não mostram discordância com os correspondentes dados obtidos na literatura consultada, referentes a bovinos de origem européia. / In order to perform this research, 30 female fetuses from crossbred zebus were used. After applying the process of conservation and reduction of the pieces, dissections were made by using ophthalmic surgical instruments and circular magnifying glass fitted with cold lamp. Priority was given to the observation of the origin of the pudendum nerve trunk registering it, more frequently, in relation to the second, third and fourth sacral nerves (76.7%), emphasizing it as the most remarkable contribution, the one that refers to the third sacral nerve (90%). While enclosed in the pelvic cavity, we considered contributions of the ventral branches of the sacral nerves, specifically destinated to each of the branches, registering more abundantly participation of the third and fourth nerves, that is: proximal cutaneous (56.7% to the right and 53.3% to the left), distal cutaneous (70% to the right and 56.7% to the left) and pudendum nerve (properly speaking - 76.7% to the right and 73.3% to the left). We registered the number of branches representative of the proximal cutaneous and of the distal cutaneous, being respectively found in the unique appearance to the right si de (63.3% and 96.7%) and to the left (66.7% and 83.3%); double to the right (23.3% and 3.3.%) and to the left (23.3% and 16.7%), and triple, exclusively to the proximal cutaneous branch to the left (3.3%). The emergence of these branches from the pelvic cavity was also observed, represented to the proximal cutaneous branch more often through the minor ischiatic foramen to the right (16.7%) and to the left (16.7%) or perforating the large sacrotuberal ligament to the right (46.7%) and to the left (50%) and, to the distal cutaneous branch through ischiorectal fossa to both antimeres (100%). The pudendum nerve (properly speaking), in the final one-third of the pelvic cavity, always originates the dorsal branch of the clitoris and the mammary branch (100%). The occurrence of the comiective branch (\"anastomosis\") between a small branch entering into the pelvic cavity through the cranial portion of the minor ischiatic foramen (properly speaking) and the pudendum nerve or one of its branches - the deep pudendum nerve was also observed (63.3%). The results of the behavior of the pudendum nerve found in female fetuses of the crossbred zebu cattle did not differ from those of the Europen cattle, as described in the literature.

In this study we research sacral spaces of Lithuanian villages, from pagan places of worship to sacral spaces of nowadays confessions. The work is done according to chosen methods of analysis. Main target of this study is to research sacral structures settled in the turn of history, their composition units, epitomize compositional links and interconnection elements. Object boundaries, analyzed in the work, are defined physically, as appreciable bodies. The concept “space”, in different theories is interpreted as infinite entity or environment, which needs structure to exist. Particular confession’s sacral space harmony is influenced by symbolism, which shows up as a long-lasting tradition. The object, analyzed as constituent part of urbanism structures, existed from its early times, and created compositional models with public spaces of villages with other typology. Traditionally perceptible sacral objects stimulate images and symbolic expressions witch shows up as a long-term tradition.