Les centres FeS sont un des cofacteurs protéiques majeurs, ils se trouvent aussi bien chez les bactéries que chez les eucaryotes. Ils ont des rôles essentiels de transfert d'électron, liaison de substrat et son activation, régulation d'expression de gènes, donneur de soufre etc. Leur agencement est très varié, allant du centre [2Fe-2S] à l'agrégat plus complexe MoFe7S9X (X = C, N ou O) de la nitrogénase. L'assemblage de ces centres se fait par des machineries protéiques. Nous avons étudié le système ISC (Iron-Sulfur Cluster) chez les bactéries, qui fabrique des centres [2Fe-2S] et [4Fe-4S]. Il est composé des protéines IscS, IscU, IscA, HscA, HscB et d'une ferrédoxine. Deux de ces protéines, IscS, qui est une cystéine désulfurase et IscU, protéine dite échafaudage, sont le cœur de la machinerie puisque IscS apporte le soufre sur la protéine IscU, qui, avec le fer qu'elle aura obtenu d'une autre protéine (non clairement identifiée à ce jour), fabriquera le centre fer-soufre et le transfèrera à une apoprotéine. Nous avons isolé un complexe stable (IscS-D35A-IscU)2 contenant un centre [2Fe-2S] dans des conditions anaérobie. Différentes formes du complexe ont été obtenues et cristallisées afin d'obtenir leurs structures, résolues par remplacement moléculaire. Ces structures nous ont permis de proposer un mécanisme d'assemblage des centres [2Fe-2S] à l'échelle atomique et électronique. Nous avons d'autre part étudié la protéine HmdB probablement impliquée dans la maturation de l'hydrogénase à fer. HmdB fait partie de la superfamille des protéines à radical SAM. Des cristaux de l'apoprotéine ont été obtenus et sa structure a été résolue par remplacement moléculaire. Même si une partie de la structure n'est pas visible du fait de l'absence de centre [4Fe-4S], elle donne une première vue du site actif de la protéine. / FeS clusters are widely used protein cofactors, found both in bacteria and eukaryotes. They play key roles such as electron transfer, substrate binding and activation, regulation of gene expression, sulfur donor etc. They are really various, ranging from the [2Fe-2S] cluster to the more complex MoFe7S9X (X = C, N or O) agregate of nitrogenase. Clusters assembly is carried out by protein machineries. We studied the ISC (Iron-Sulfur Cluster) in bacteria, who assembles [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters. It is composed of IscS, IscU, IscA, HscA, HscB proteins and a ferredoxin. Two of these proteins: the cysteine desulfurase IscS, and the scaffold protein IscU, represent the core of the machinery as IscS provides sulfur protein on IscU, which, with iron obtained from another protein (not clearly identified to date), assemble the iron-sulfur center. The latter transfers it to an apoprotein. We isolated under anaerobic conditions a stable (IscS-D35A-IscU)2 complex containing a [2Fe-2S] cluster. Different forms of the complex were obtained and their structures were solved by molecular replacement. These structures allowed us to propose a mechanism for the assembly of the [2Fe-2S] clusters at the atomic and electronic levels. We have also studied the HmdB protein, which is proposed to maturate the [Fe]-hydrogenase. HmdB is a member of the radical SAM proteins superfamily. Crystals of the apoprotein were obtained and its structure was solved by molecular replacement. Although part of the structure is not visible due to the absence of the [4Fe-4S] cluster, this structure gives a first view of the active site of the protein.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a representação dramatúrgica da família na peça A Lie of the Mind, do dramaturgo estadunidense Sam Shepard, e os recursos por meio dos quais essa representação, tal como realizada, configura elementos de crítica à ideologia dominante relacionada ao papel da família no contexto sócio-histórico do país. Serão levantados, aqui, os aspectos formais da peça, principalmente os que se relacionam com a estética expressionista e com outros expedientes de criação que a distanciam do drama convencional. O objeto do estudo é o texto dramatúrgico original da peça (e não sua encenação). A análise tratará dos aspectos textuais e contextuais da peça e com base neles examinará as relações familiares figuradas em A Lie of the Mind como representativas e intrínsecas à situação social das personagens. / This dissertation aims at analysing the dramaturgical representation of family in the play A Lie of the Mind, by the North-American playwright Sam Shepard, and the means through which this representation, as developed in the text, brings forth elements of criticism to the dominant ideology related to the role of the family in the countrys socio-historical context. Formal aspects of the play will be approached, mainly the ones related to Expressionism and to other creative resources that drive it away from conventional drama. The study object is the original text of the play (and not the play in performance). The analysis will deal with textual and contextual aspects of the play and, based on them, will examine the familial relations that are represented in A Lie of the Mind as representative and intrinsic to the social situation of the characters.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar o potencial das imagens do sensor ASTER, utilizando a região do infravermelho de ondas curtas (SWIR), para discriminação espectral de rochas carbonáticas aflorantes na região Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, complementando produtos existentes de mapeamento geológico. As rochas carbonáticas servem de matéria-prima para produção de cimento, que atualmente apresenta forte demanda dado o crescimento de obras civis devido à expansão da infraestrutura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este crescimento no consumo oferece desafios às companhias produtoras, tornando-se de vital importância a identificação de novas áreas para exploração de insumos para a indústria civil. Neste sentido, o carbonato tem sofrido grande pressão com relação a sua produção pois é a principal matéria-prima utilizada na fabricação do cimento. Imagens do sensor Aster vem sendo utilizadas na área da geologia com êxito, discriminando litologias e minerais como quartzo, óxido de ferro e calcita. Na região do intervalo de ondas entre 2,235-2,285 μm e 2,295-2,365 μm , as bandas 7 e 8 do sensor ASTER na região do SWIR, mostram-se adequadas para a identificação de minerais de calcita e dolomita. Como metodologia, foram aplicadas as técnicas de razões de bandas para separação de calcários e dolomitos e para a classificação espectral, foi utilizada a técnica SAM. Tornou-se como referência para a classificação espectral amostras de áreas de rochas carbonáticas aflorantes e espectros da biblioteca espectral da USGS. As classificações espectrais obtiveram resultados significativos na discriminação espectral das áreas carbonáticas, no entanto as técnicas de razões de bandas não obtiveram resultados suficientes para a discriminação de calcários e dolomitos. Para trabalhos futuros sugere-se a realização de trabalho de campo para a coleta de espectros, através da espectrorradiometria dos afloramentos dos carbonatos. / This work had as main objective to evaluate the potential of ASTER images using the region of shortwave infrared (SWIR), for spectral discrimination of carbonate rocks outcropping in the northwestern part of the State of Rio de Janeiro region, complementing existing products geological mapping . The carbonate rocks serve as raw material for cement production, which currently presents strong demand given the growth of civil works due to the expansion of the State of Rio de Janeiro's infrastructure. This growth in consumption offers challenges to production companies, making it vitally important to identify new areas for exploration of inputs for civil industry. In this sense, the carbonate has undergone great pressure with respect to its production as it is the main raw material used in cement production. Aster images sensor is being used in the field of geology successfully discriminating lithologies and minerals such as quartz, iron oxide and calcite. In the interval between waves from 2.235 to 2.285 m and 2.295 to 2.365 μm region, the bands 7 and 8 in the ASTER SWIR region are adequate for identifying minerals calcite and dolomite. As a methodology, techniques of reasons for separation of bands of limestones and dolomites and the spectral classification were applied, the SAM technique was used. Became as reference samples for the spectral classification of areas of outcropping carbonate rocks and spectra from the USGS spectral library. The spectral classifications obtained significant results in the spectral discrimination of the carbonate areas, however the techniques of reasons bands did not achieve sufficient results for the discrimination of limestones and dolomites. For future work is suggested to conduct fieldwork to collect spectra by spectroradiometry outcrops of carbonates

<p>Min undersökning är gjord, på vad man i min kommun kallar SAM-grupper. Dessa SAMgrupper är ett samarbete mellan särskolan och grundskolan.</p><p>Mitt syfte var att ta reda på hur klasslärare och föräldrar upplever att SAM-gruppseleverna utvecklas både kunskapsmässigt och socialt. Genom att intervjua personal och föräldrar fick jag svar på hur de upplever detta. Jag har jämfört några av frågorna och både klasslärare och föräldrar har liktydiga svar. Resultatet av min undersökning är att samarbetet mellan särskolan och grundskolan gör att eleverna utvecklas väl efter var och ens förutsättningar.</p><p>I min analys kan man även se att skolan fortfarande har det traditionella sociala synsättet. Detta synsätt innebär att elever med funktionshinder ses som ett individuellt problem. Skolan väljer att lyfta ur eleven ur den ordinarie klassen för att få sin teoretiska undervisning i en mindre grupp.</p><p>Min studie visar att klasslärare och föräldrar menar att integrering betyder gemenskap. Min analys visar att de båda undersökningsgrupperna ansåg att SAM-gruppseleverna har en bra integrering.</p> / <p>My study is based on, which one in my town is called SAM-groups. These SAM-groups are cooperation between special school (children with learning disabilities) and compulsory school.</p><p>My purpose was to find out how class teachers and parents experience that the SAM-group pupils develop both in the way of proficiency and social skills. By interviewing personal and parents did I get the answer what they think about this issue. I have compared some of the questions and both class teachers and parents have similar answers. The result of my study is cooperation between special school and compulsory school, which makes the pupils develop well regarding to their one capacity.</p><p>In my analysis can one also notice that the school still has traditional approach. This approach has the consequences that pupils with functional disability are looked upon as an individual problem. The school chooses to separate them from their ordinary class in order to give them their theoretical education in small group.</p><p>My study shows that class teachers and parents think that integration means fellowship. My analysis shows that both of the groups that I have being questioning, was of the opinion that the SAM-group pupils have a good integration.</p>

Min undersökning är gjord, på vad man i min kommun kallar SAM-grupper. Dessa SAMgrupper är ett samarbete mellan särskolan och grundskolan. Mitt syfte var att ta reda på hur klasslärare och föräldrar upplever att SAM-gruppseleverna utvecklas både kunskapsmässigt och socialt. Genom att intervjua personal och föräldrar fick jag svar på hur de upplever detta. Jag har jämfört några av frågorna och både klasslärare och föräldrar har liktydiga svar. Resultatet av min undersökning är att samarbetet mellan särskolan och grundskolan gör att eleverna utvecklas väl efter var och ens förutsättningar. I min analys kan man även se att skolan fortfarande har det traditionella sociala synsättet. Detta synsätt innebär att elever med funktionshinder ses som ett individuellt problem. Skolan väljer att lyfta ur eleven ur den ordinarie klassen för att få sin teoretiska undervisning i en mindre grupp. Min studie visar att klasslärare och föräldrar menar att integrering betyder gemenskap. Min analys visar att de båda undersökningsgrupperna ansåg att SAM-gruppseleverna har en bra integrering. / My study is based on, which one in my town is called SAM-groups. These SAM-groups are cooperation between special school (children with learning disabilities) and compulsory school. My purpose was to find out how class teachers and parents experience that the SAM-group pupils develop both in the way of proficiency and social skills. By interviewing personal and parents did I get the answer what they think about this issue. I have compared some of the questions and both class teachers and parents have similar answers. The result of my study is cooperation between special school and compulsory school, which makes the pupils develop well regarding to their one capacity. In my analysis can one also notice that the school still has traditional approach. This approach has the consequences that pupils with functional disability are looked upon as an individual problem. The school chooses to separate them from their ordinary class in order to give them their theoretical education in small group. My study shows that class teachers and parents think that integration means fellowship. My analysis shows that both of the groups that I have being questioning, was of the opinion that the SAM-group pupils have a good integration.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar o potencial das imagens do sensor ASTER, utilizando a região do infravermelho de ondas curtas (SWIR), para discriminação espectral de rochas carbonáticas aflorantes na região Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, complementando produtos existentes de mapeamento geológico. As rochas carbonáticas servem de matéria-prima para produção de cimento, que atualmente apresenta forte demanda dado o crescimento de obras civis devido à expansão da infraestrutura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este crescimento no consumo oferece desafios às companhias produtoras, tornando-se de vital importância a identificação de novas áreas para exploração de insumos para a indústria civil. Neste sentido, o carbonato tem sofrido grande pressão com relação a sua produção pois é a principal matéria-prima utilizada na fabricação do cimento. Imagens do sensor Aster vem sendo utilizadas na área da geologia com êxito, discriminando litologias e minerais como quartzo, óxido de ferro e calcita. Na região do intervalo de ondas entre 2,235-2,285 &#956;m e 2,295-2,365 &#956;m , as bandas 7 e 8 do sensor ASTER na região do SWIR, mostram-se adequadas para a identificação de minerais de calcita e dolomita. Como metodologia, foram aplicadas as técnicas de razões de bandas para separação de calcários e dolomitos e para a classificação espectral, foi utilizada a técnica SAM. Tornou-se como referência para a classificação espectral amostras de áreas de rochas carbonáticas aflorantes e espectros da biblioteca espectral da USGS. As classificações espectrais obtiveram resultados significativos na discriminação espectral das áreas carbonáticas, no entanto as técnicas de razões de bandas não obtiveram resultados suficientes para a discriminação de calcários e dolomitos. Para trabalhos futuros sugere-se a realização de trabalho de campo para a coleta de espectros, através da espectrorradiometria dos afloramentos dos carbonatos. / This work had as main objective to evaluate the potential of ASTER images using the region of shortwave infrared (SWIR), for spectral discrimination of carbonate rocks outcropping in the northwestern part of the State of Rio de Janeiro region, complementing existing products geological mapping . The carbonate rocks serve as raw material for cement production, which currently presents strong demand given the growth of civil works due to the expansion of the State of Rio de Janeiro's infrastructure. This growth in consumption offers challenges to production companies, making it vitally important to identify new areas for exploration of inputs for civil industry. In this sense, the carbonate has undergone great pressure with respect to its production as it is the main raw material used in cement production. Aster images sensor is being used in the field of geology successfully discriminating lithologies and minerals such as quartz, iron oxide and calcite. In the interval between waves from 2.235 to 2.285 m and 2.295 to 2.365 &#956;m region, the bands 7 and 8 in the ASTER SWIR region are adequate for identifying minerals calcite and dolomite. As a methodology, techniques of reasons for separation of bands of limestones and dolomites and the spectral classification were applied, the SAM technique was used. Became as reference samples for the spectral classification of areas of outcropping carbonate rocks and spectra from the USGS spectral library. The spectral classifications obtained significant results in the spectral discrimination of the carbonate areas, however the techniques of reasons bands did not achieve sufficient results for the discrimination of limestones and dolomites. For future work is suggested to conduct fieldwork to collect spectra by spectroradiometry outcrops of carbonates

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a representação dramatúrgica da família na peça A Lie of the Mind, do dramaturgo estadunidense Sam Shepard, e os recursos por meio dos quais essa representação, tal como realizada, configura elementos de crítica à ideologia dominante relacionada ao papel da família no contexto sócio-histórico do país. Serão levantados, aqui, os aspectos formais da peça, principalmente os que se relacionam com a estética expressionista e com outros expedientes de criação que a distanciam do drama convencional. O objeto do estudo é o texto dramatúrgico original da peça (e não sua encenação). A análise tratará dos aspectos textuais e contextuais da peça e com base neles examinará as relações familiares figuradas em A Lie of the Mind como representativas e intrínsecas à situação social das personagens. / This dissertation aims at analysing the dramaturgical representation of family in the play A Lie of the Mind, by the North-American playwright Sam Shepard, and the means through which this representation, as developed in the text, brings forth elements of criticism to the dominant ideology related to the role of the family in the countrys socio-historical context. Formal aspects of the play will be approached, mainly the ones related to Expressionism and to other creative resources that drive it away from conventional drama. The study object is the original text of the play (and not the play in performance). The analysis will deal with textual and contextual aspects of the play and, based on them, will examine the familial relations that are represented in A Lie of the Mind as representative and intrinsic to the social situation of the characters.

Monocamadas auto-organizadas formadas pela quimissorção de alcanotióis sobre ouro apresentam estruturas bem definidas, organizadas e reprodutíveis. As propriedades de SAMs, aliadas à facilidade de síntese, têm atraído o interesse da comunidade cientifica o que ocasionou um grande avanço na área de nanotecnologia, especialmente em engenharia de superfícies. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a modificação de um substrato de ouro com uma mistura dos ácidos 3-mercaptopropiônico e 11-mercaptoundecanóico. Com isso procurou-se controlar a configuração da superfície da SAM a fim de se obter um arranjo com ilhas de 3amp circundadas por 11amu, similar a um conjunto de ultramicroeletrodos. A SAM mista foi produzida por incubação de um substrato de ouro em solução etanólica contendo ambos os tiois. O estudo do processo redox do par [Fe(CN)6]4-/[Fe(CN)6]3- demonstrou que monocamadas de 3amp se comportam como a superfície de ouro não modificado, apresentando os mesmos valores de corrente de pico (Ip), potencial de pico (Ep) e resistência de transferência de carga (Rtc), pois permitem que ocorra a transferência eletrônica por efeito de tunelamento quântico dos elétrons através da monocamada. Entretanto monocamadas de 11amu demonstram comportamento isolante, apresentando uma Rtc 250 vezes maior e Ip significativamente menores que a observada para a SAM-3amp. As cargas de dessorção redutiva e variação de massa obtidas com a MECQ para a SAM mista evidenciaram alto recobrimento da superfície e um mecanismo de adsorção que varia com o tempo de incubação do substrato em solução contendo os tiois. Assim, a configuração da superfície com domínios de 3amp bem estabelecidos é alcançada com 20 horas de incubação do substrato. O perfil observado com a voltametria cíclica, aliado aos dados obtidos com a EIE comprova a existência de segregação de fases na SAM mista contendo regiões recobertas pelo 3amp (raio médio de 4,3 &micro;m) circundadas por 11amu (com separação média de 75,42 &micro;m). O estudo do comportamento eletroquímico do fisetin confirma o surgimento de propriedades diferenciadas com a SAM mista, onde observou-se apenas um processo redox sem que o analito permanecesse adsorvido na superfície da SAM. Todavia para a SAM-3amp e ouro não modificado foi observado dois processos redoxes seguido de adsorção irreversível do produto da reação na superfície eletródica. Utilizando a SAM mista como sensor eletroquímico para determinação de fisetin em água alcançou-se um limite de detecção de 1,67 x10-8 mol L-1. / Self-assembled monolayers obtained by chemiosorption of alkanethiols on gold present well-defined, organized and reproducible structures. The unique properties exhibited by such surfaces, allied to the great facility to obtain, have attracted the interest of the scientific community and caused a significant advance in the nanotechnology research, especially in the surface engineering one. In this work, the modification of gold substrate with a mixture of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid was evaluated. The aim was control the surface of the SAMs in order to obtain an island arrangement of 3mpa isolated by 11mua, similar to an array of ultramicroelectrodes. The mixed-SAM was built by the incubation of Au substrate in an ethanolic solution containing both thiols. The redox couple [Fe(CN)6]4-/[Fe(CN)6]3- study demonstrated that pure 3mpa monolayers behaves like the bare gold surface, presenting barely the same parameters of peak current (Ip), peak potential (Ep) and charge transfer resistance (Rct), since it allows the electronic transference to occurs by quantum tunneling effect through the monolayer. On the other hand the 11mua monolayers showed an insulating behavior and a Rct value nearly 250 times greater and, consequently, Ip values significantly less than that for 3mpa. The reductive desorption charges and mass changes obtained with an EQCM for the mixed-SAM indicated the high coverage of gold surface and a adsorption mechanism that depends on the incubation time of the substrate in the thiols solution. The surface configuration with 3mpa domains is reached after 20 hours of immersion. The cyclic voltammetric profile, together with the data from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy , proved the existence of phases segregation in the mixed-SAM with surface regions covered solely by 3mpa (with mean radius of 4.3 &micro;m) surrounded by 11mua with a mean separation of 75.42 &micro;m. The electrochemical behavior of the flavonoid fisetin confirms the rising of differentiated properties with the mixed-SAM, where only one electrochemical process was able to be observed, without irreversible adsorption of the analyte. For 3mpa and bare gold surfaces, two (or more) electrochemical processes were observed together with the blocking of the electrode surface by irreversible adsorption of the reaction product. The utilization of the mixed-SAM with electrochemical sensor for fisetin determination in pure water yielded a detection limit of 1.67 x10-8 mol L-1.

Um método amplamente utilizado na proteção contra a corrosão de ligas de alumínio é a formação de camadas de conversão de cromo. Na busca de métodos \"ambientalmente amigáveis\" de proteção contra corrosão existe a possibilidade da utilização de polímeros condutores, como a polianilina (PAni), que pode atuar por efeito barreira, assim como pela absorção de cargas provenientes da solução e / ou camadas auto-organizadas (SAM, do inglês \"self assembled monolayers\"), onde a proteção pode ocorrer de forma indireta, quando a SAM atua como promotora de adesão para outros revestimentos ou de forma direta, quando a própria monocamada bloqueia o acesso de substâncias responsáveis pela corrosão, à superfície protegida. Neste trabalho é proposta a utilização de bi-camadas baseadas de propil-trimetóxi-silano (PTMS) + PAni e octadecil-trimetóxi-silano (ODTMS) + PAni para a proteção contra a corrosão das ligas de alumínio AA1050, AA2024 e AA7075. Para os ensaios de corrosão foram utilizadas as técnicas de potencial de circuito aberto, curvas de polarização potenciodinâmica e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica. Análise de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foram realizadas antes e após os ensaios de corrosão para verificar a eficiência de proteção contra corrosão dos revestimentos propostos. Adicionalmente foram realizados testes de névoa salina e aderência, além da caracterização das ligas por MEV e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os tratamentos utilizados resultaram em melhoras na resistência contra a corrosão na seguinte ordem: PTMS < ODTMS < PAni < PTMS + PAni < ODTMS + PAni, sendo que este último o que apresenta os melhores resultados como maiores deslocamentos do Ecorr para valores mais positivos, diminuição da icorr, menor número de pontos de corrosão após a realização das curvas de polarização, maiores valores de impedância total em todo o intervalo de frequência utilizado e maior resistência à exposição à névoa salina. / A method widely used in corrosion protection of aluminum alloys is the formation of conversion layers of chromium. In search of \"environmentally friendly\" corrosion protection methods there is the possibility of using conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PAni), which can act by barrier effect or absorbing charged particles from the solution and / or self-assembled monolayers (SAM), where protection may occur indirectly, when the SAM acts as a promoter of adhesion to other coatings, or directly, when the monolayer blocks the access of aggressive substances to the surface. This work proposes the use of bi-layers based on propyl-trimethoxy-silane (PTMS) + PAni and octadecyl-trimethoxy-silane (ODTMS) + PAni for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys AA1050, AA2024 and AA7075. For the corrosion tests were used different techniques such as: open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed before and after the corrosion tests in order to verify the efficiency of the proposed coatings in corrosion protection. Additionally, tests of salt spray and adhesion were made, in addition to the characterization of the alloys by SEM and X-ray dispersive energy. The results show that the treatments resulted in improvements in corrosion resistance in the following order: PTMS < ODTMS < PAni < PTMs + PAni < ODTMS + PAni. The last one gives the best results such as larger shifts of the Ecorr to more positive values, decrease of the icorr, fewer corrosion points after the polarization curves, higher values of total impedance in the entire range of frequency used and more resistant to the exposure to salt spray.

Le travail de recherche présenté ici a été mené dans le cadre du projet global RAUDIN « Recherches Aquitaine sur les Usages pour le Développement des dIspositifs Numériques » et, plus spécifiquement, au sein du sous-projet « indicateurs et mesure ». L’objectif était d’identifier les usages des dispositifs numériques et en particulier ceux dispensés via des applications Web. Il est proposé d’étudier un corpus de sites web d’Aquitaine (en englobant l’organisation éditrice, le résultat d’édition et les clients des sites) afin d’élaborer des indicateurs de performance et de qualité du mode d’édition web. L’objectif de la thèse est de proposer une méthodologie d’évaluation de l’alignement stratégique des sites web à des fins de pilotage pour une meilleure dynamique de compétitivité et d’organisation interne des institutions, de visibilité de leurs publications et, rétroactivement, d’utilisabilité des dispositifs de communication. Au contexte économique actuel caractérisé par une concurrence et une évolutivité toujours plus fortes, les organisations, quelle que soit leur nature, répondent par une augmentation de leur propre complexité pour survivre et s’épanouir. Cette augmentation de la complexité peut facilement conduire à une baisse de la performance si l’organisation n’est pas en mesure de mettre en cohérence toutes ses composantes avec sa stratégie globale. Le site web de l’organisation fait partie de ces composantes. Plus précisément, les sites web sont une vitrine sur l’organisation, ouverte à toute personne ayant accès à internet et ceci partout dans le monde. Outil de communication, le site web est souvent également un outil commercial et s’inscrit donc au cœur de l’activité métier de l’organisation. De plus, le site web se caractérise également par sa dynamique : il évolue constamment en termes de contenu, de fonctions et d’apparence. Cet ensemble de caractéristiques plaide pour l’intégration du site web dans la stratégie de l’organisation. La méthodologie d’évaluation de l’alignement stratégique des sites web que nous proposons est adaptée du modèle SAM (Strategic Alignment Model). Nous identifions dans notre démarche quatre domaines d’analyse : La stratégie d’affaire, la stratégie web, l’infrastructure organisationnelle et le site web lui-même. Deux niveaux de cohérence sont traités : l’ajustement inter-domaines et l’alignement. Le principe général de l’ajustement est de vérifier que deux domaines contigus sont cohérents. Pour cela, les domaines sont caractérisés par un ensemble de paramètres et l’évaluation de la cohérence entre les deux domaines d’analyse est réalisée à l’aide de matrices. Les paramètres de la matrice indiquent le niveau de dépendance entre les caractéristiques des deux domaines d’analyse. La dépendance est évaluée en quatre niveaux : dépendance nulle, dépendance faible, dépendance moyenne et dépendance forte. Nous définissons ainsi quatre matrices, chacune représentative d’un type d’ajustement : ajustement stratégique, ajustement opérationnel, ajustement organisation et ajustement web. L’alignement inter-domaines est défini par la mise en relation de trois domaines parmi les quatre. Huit combinaisons sont ainsi possibles parmi lesquelles quatre sont considérées comme plus pertinentes et connues comme les séquences d’alignement SAM. Ces séquences sont :• l’Exécution de la stratégie qui implique les domaines Stratégie d’affaire, Infrastructure organisationnelle et site web,• la Transformation technologique qui implique les domaines Stratégie d’affaire, Stratégie web et Site web,• le Potentiel compétitif qui implique les domaines Stratégie web, Stratégie d’affaire et Infrastructure organisationnelle,• le Niveau de service du web qui implique les domaines Stratégie web, Processus, Site web et infrastructure organisationnelle.La méthodologie est appliquée à deux cas : L’université Bordeaux 1 et l’Université Bordeaux Segalen. / The research work presented here was led within the framework of the global project RAUDIN “Recherches Aquitaine sur les Usages pour le Développement des dIspositifs Numériques” (Aquitaine Researches on the Uses for the Development of the Digital devices) and, more specifically, within the sub-project “indicateurs et mesure” (indicators and measure). The objective was to identify the uses of the digital devices and in particular those dispensed via Web applications. It is suggested studying a corpus of Aquitaine Web sites (by including the publishing organization, the result of publishing and the customers of sites) to develop indicators of performance and quality of the mode of Web publishing.The objective of the thesis is to propose a methodology of evaluation of the strategic alignment of Web sites in purposes of piloting for a better dynamics of competitiveness and internal organization of the institutions, visibility of their publications and, retroactively, of usability of the communication devices.In the current economic environment characterized by a competition and a scalability always stronger, organizations, whatever is their nature, answer by an increase of their own complexity to survive and floorish. This increase of the complexity can easily lead to a reduction in the performance if the organization is not capable of putting in coherence all its components with its global strategy. The Web site of the organization is a part of these components. More exactly, Web sites are a window on the organization, open to every person having access to internet and this all around the world. Communications tool, the Web site is often also a commercial tool and thus joins at the heart of the business activity of the organization. Furthermore, the Web site is also characterized by its dynamics: it evolves constantly in terms of contents, functions and appearance. This set of characteristics pleads for the integration of the Web site in the strategy of the organization.The methodology of evaluation of the strategic alignment of the Web sites which we propose is adapted from the SAM model (Strategic Alignment Model). We identify in our approach four domains of analysis: the business strategy, the Web strategy, the organizational infrastructure and the Website itself. Two levels of coherence are treated: the inter-domains adjustment and the alignment.The general principle of the adjustment is to verify that two adjoining domains are coherent. For that purpose, domains are characterized by a set of parameters and the evaluation of the coherence between both domains of analysis is realized by means of matrices. The parameters of the matrix indicate the level of dependence between the characteristics of both domains of analysis. The dependence is estimated in four levels: nil dependence, weak dependence, average dependence and strong dependence. We so define four matrices, each representative of a type of adjustment: strategic adjustment, operational adjustment, organization adjustment and Web adjustment.The inter-domains alignment is defined by the interlinking of three domains among four. Eight combinations are so possible among which four are considered as more relevant and known as the SAM sequences of alignment. These sequences are:• the Strategy implementation which involves the Business strategy, Organizational infrastructure and Website domains,• the Technology leverage which involves the Business strategy, Web Strategy and Website domains,• the Technology exploitation which involves the Web Strategy, Business Strategy and Organizational infrastructure domains,• the Technology implementation which involves the Web Strategy, Website and Organizational infrastructure domains.The methodology is applied to two cases: Bordeaux 1 University and Bordeaux Segalen University.