Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-28T13:59:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Machado Dias_.pdf: 1937653 bytes, checksum: a73de48896f6b0564bfb235754e04ea3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T13:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Machado Dias_.pdf: 1937653 bytes, checksum: a73de48896f6b0564bfb235754e04ea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / Nenhuma / Situações de violência na escola, apesar de não configurar um fenômeno recente, apresentam-se como um problema constante, constituindo uma contínua preocupação para equipes diretivas e demais profissionais. Diante disso, este trabalho aborda questões e desafios em torno da temática, a partir de pesquisa desenvolvida em uma escola pública municipal, localizada na periferia da área metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Dentre as questões provocadoras do estudo constam aquelas que buscam saber como a violência se manifesta na escola investigada e quais são os respectivos encaminhamentos adotados pela direção e/ou pelo corpo docente nesses casos. Assim, após trazer à tona ideias de teóricos que têm se dedicado ao tema, como Hannah Arendt, Miriam Abramovay, Marcos Rolim e Marília Sposito, entre outros, bem como alguns aportes que tratam das implicações dessa problemática para a gestão escolar, o texto desdobra relatos e reflexões decorrentes de encontros da pesquisadora com o grupo de crianças e a professora da turma investigada. Partindo do pressuposto de que alunos – ao encontrarem espaço e momentos de escuta e tendo vez e voz – podem conviver sem agressões e até atuar como mediadores dos conflitos, desenvolveram-se atividades ao longo de três semestres letivos. Utilizaram-se, para isso, procedimentos metodológicos baseados na pesquisa-ação, conforme Maria Amélia Santoro Franco e Mari Forster, de modo que os registros e comentários em caderno de campo consistiram em uma das principais ferramentas operacionais. Dentre os resultados obtidos, fica evidente o comprometimento dos alunos quando exercitam ações como sujeitos protagonistas e responsáveis. Com isso, diferentemente da expectativa inicial, constata-se que a violência maior não advém das crianças e de suas atitudes: ela aparece muito mais no que cada um consegue dizer e/ou denunciar no grupo sobre acontecimentos vividos na própria escola ou em suas vidas. Assim, considerando o papel determinante da gestão escolar nesse contexto, o estudo sugere, entre outras reflexões, a necessidade de uma radical atitude de diálogo e escuta aos alunos e docentes, bem como de oportunidades de formação pedagógica permanente, sensibilizando e capacitando professoras ante os desafios cotidianos. / Situations of violence in the school, although it is not a recent phenomenon, are a constant problem, constituting a continuous concern for management teams and other professionals. In this context, this academic paper discusses issues and challenges related to this theme, based on the research developed in a municipal public school, located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Among the questions that provoke this study, are those that seek to know how violence is manifested in the investigated school and what are the respective guidelines adopted by the management team and/or the faculty in these cases. Therefore, after discussing theoretical ideas dedicated to the theme from Hannah Arendt, Miriam Abramovay, Marcos Rolim e Marília Sposito, as well as some contributions to the comprehension of the implication of this issue for school management, this study analyzes reports and reflections resulting from meetings of the researcher with the students and the teacher who participated on the study. Based on the assumption that students – when they find space and moments of listening and have opportunities and voice – can live without aggression and even act as mediators of conflicts, activities were developed over three academic semesters. For this, the methodological procedures used were action research based on Maria Amélia Santoro Franco e Mari Forster’s ideas, so, the records and comments in the field dairy consisted of one of the main operational tools. Among the results obtained, it is evident the students' commitment when they exercise actions as protagonists and responsible subjects. Hence, unlike the initial expectation, it can be seen that major violence does not come from children and their attitudes: it appears much more in what each one can say and/or denounce in the group about events lived in the school itself or in their lives. Thus, considering the determinant role of school management in this context, this study suggests, among other reflections, there is a need for a radical attitude of dialogue and listening to students and teachers, as well as opportunities for continuous pedagogical training, sensitizing and empowering teachers to daily life challenges.

In 2013, the U.S. Department of Education published revised guidelines for emergency response planning for colleges and universities in the United States. These guidelines reflect the collective work of numerous government intelligence, law enforcement, and preparedness agencies that have taken into account the past successes and failures of schools in response to natural disasters and man-made disasters such as cyber hacking and targeted violent incidents on campuses. With a collective enrollment of over 20 million students annually and valuable physical resources such as libraries, stadiums, and medical centers at institutions of higher education (IHE), an effort to identify the current safety personnel, practices, and services was conducted. The purpose of this research was to identify areas of IHE compliance with the government guidelines and to identify differences, if any, by school enrollment size and region of the country. A cross-sectional design was used to describe compliance with the government guidelines and examine the differences based on a random sample drawn from all accredited 4- year public colleges and universities (n=708) in the United States. A sample of 17% of all eligible institutions was selected (n=120), and a 70.8% response rate was obtained (n=85). Directors of public safety were interviewed by telephone and reported information regarding their school’s availability of mental health counseling, crime prevention programs, emergency communications plans, emergency operations plans, and personnel training. The major findings of this study revealed that only 64 (75%) schools offered disaster response presentations to new students and staff, while 9 (11%) reported that their written emergency operations plans were not available to their communities, and that only 53 (62.4%) offered presentations regarding cyber-security and safeguarding online information. This study also revealed that 40 (47%) of the respondents either did not have or did not know if their school had an emergency operations plan for dealing with database theft, and 55 (64.7%) either did not have or did not know if there was a plan in place to safeguard the private contact information used in their emergency communications systems. With an estimated 300,000+ college students annually studying abroad, only 44 (51.3%) respondents reported offering travel safety presentations to their communities. Few differences were identified based on enrollment or regional location. The implications are discussed within the context of increasing national trends of gun violence, armed civilians and officers on campuses, cyber hacking, and increased participation by students and researchers traveling abroad.

Peer aggression and bullying are significant problems for children in American schools. While a large body of research has been conducted in this area, none to date has examined the combined roles of temperament (behavioral activation system, or BAS, and behavioral inhibition system, or BIS), and empathy in predicting participation in bullying interactions. Previous research has found that low empathy facilitates aggressive behavior, while high empathy inhibits it, and has linked poor emotion regulation to conduct disorders. Thus, if these factors can predict behaviors towards peers, they may also predict (independently and in combination) involvement in bullying, specifically the roles assumed in those interactions - that is: bully, victim, bully-victim (a child who is both bully and victim), or defender/protector. The present study tested 226 middle school students on a measure of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and a measure of temperament (BIS/BAS Scales). The students also completed a Peer Nomination Inventory to identify children who were aggressive toward others, victimized by peers, and/or protected peers from bullies. Although not all predictions were supported, results showed that certain sub-components of empathy, such as empathic concern (affective empathy) and personal distress (a measure of emotion regulation) predicted the behavior of "pure bullies" (bullies who are not themselves victimized), but not of other aggressive children such as bully-victims. High BAS drive and low BIS were significant predictors of aggressive behavior, and BAS reward responsiveness predicted protective behavior. Victimized children had higher fantasy (ability to identify with fictional characters) and lower perspective-taking (cognitive empathy) skills, and tended not to have overlapping characteristics and behaviors with protective children. / These characteristics did not interact significantly with each other or with age, gender, ethnicity, or SES of students. It was concluded that pure bullies lack affective empathy, and victims lack cognitive empathy. That is, empathy is multidimensional and empathy deficits vary in type, but all lead to some form of socioemotional impairment. Furthermore, aggressive victims are a unique sub-group of children with unique characteristics. / by Chantal M. Gagnon. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2012. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Orientador: Maria de Lourdes Morales Horiguela / Banca: Tânia Maria Santana de Rose / Banca: Eliane Giachetto Saravali / Resumo: Este trabalho objetiva descrever o comportamento do aluno vítima do bullying e verificar qual o comportamento que o identifica com o intuito de colaborar na atuação dos professores na identificação de vítimas em sala de aula, podendo assim facilitar a tomada de medidas para a mediação e superação deste problema. A metodologia consiste em observação em sala de aula para identificação dos alunos vítimas com registros em um protocolo de freqüência de comportamentos característicos de bullying; teste sociométrico com o objetivo de verificar a posição ocupada pelas vítimas nas relações interpessoais e questionários para os orientadores e professores da série pesquisada para verificar a percepção que os mesmos têm a respeito do fenômeno. Nas observações, os registros da freqüência de comportamentos categorizados como típicos de bullying apontaram para dois alunos como sendo alvo do fenômeno em sala de aula; dos dois alunos apontados como vítimas nas observações, um ocupou a posição de isolado em quatro dos quatro sociogramas resultantes do teste sociométrico e o outro aluno ocupou a posição de isolado em um sociograma e nos outros três sociogramas ele apareceu na posição de rejeitado das escolhas afetivas e intelectuais. As respostas aos questionários revelaram que os orientadores e os professores têm uma boa percepção dos conflitos e exclusões existentes em sala de aula, porém não relacionam estes problemas com o bullying e não possuem uma orientação adequada em como atuar diante de tal problema. Percebe-se uma clara associação dos comportamentos adotados pelas vítimas típicas e os comportamentos adotados pelos alunos identificados como vítimas, a posição de isolamento e rejeição ocupada por eles no teste sociométrico confirma a exclusão, uma das características mais nefastas do bullying e a falta de uma orientação para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This literature review aims at describing the student's behavior that is a victim of bullying and analyzes which behavior identifics it prevails with the intention to collaborate in the teacher's action to identify the victims in classroom, thus making it easy to take measures for mediating and overcoming the problems. The methodology consists of observation in classroom in order to identify the victim; with record on a protocol of frequency of behavior with characteristic of bullying; sociometric tests aiming at checking the victim's occupied position in inter-personal relations and questionnaires for school supervisors and the teachers of the researched class will check perceptions that students have about the phenomenon. In the observation the records of the frequency of categorized behavior as typical of bullying direct to two students as being the phenomenon targets in the classroom, Two students were identified in the analysis as being bullying victims; sociometric test revealed that both were in isolation position in affective and intellectual choices. Answers to the questionnaires revealed that supervisors and teachers have good perception of the conflicts and exclusion in class, however they do not relate these problems to bullying and they do not have adequate orientation of how to act against such problem. There is a clear association of behaviors adopted by the typical victims and behaviors adopted by the identified students as victims, the isolation and rejection occupied by them on the sociometric test confirms exclusion, one of the most nefarious characteristics of bullying and lack of orientation about this phenomenon to teachers aggravates the victim's situation and promotes a sensation of impunity on the aggressor. The results of this research suggest that adopted behavior by bullying victims should have special attention on the part of educational area... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A violência escolar é um fenômeno complexo e preocupante. Os professores, muitas vezes, sentem-se incapazes de mediar os conflitos diários, as agressões ou episódios de indisciplina, o que afeta o processo pedagógico. Este estudo versa sobre as representações sociais de violência por professores de uma escola pública, de ensino fundamental e médio. Os dados foram coletados através da observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com oito sujeitos. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada através do método de associação de idéias. Os resultados demonstraram distintas interpretações sobre a gênese da violência nas escolas, porém a retórica dos participantes não se ancora no conhecimento científico. Emergiram representações polissêmicas, com destaque para a significação psicologizante, educativo-familiar e um sentido fatalista. De modo geral, destacaram-se discursos formatados que reforçam o distanciamento, centralizam a culpa da problemática na crise familiar, no Estado, na progressão continuada e no aluno carente de afeto e de sentido de escola. / The school violence is a complex and worrying phenomenon. Teachers often feel unable to mediate daily conflicts, the attacks or indiscipline incidents, affecting the pedagogic process. This study deals with the social representations of violence by teachers in public schools, at elementary and high school levels. Data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with eight subjects. The analysis of interviews was conducted by the method of association of ideas. The results showed different interpretations on the genesis of the violence in schools, however, the rhetoric of the participants are not anchored in scientific knowledge. Polysemic interpretations emerged, with emphasis on the psychologizing meaning, family educational and a fatalistic sense. Generally, there were formatted speeches that highlight the detachment, center the fault of school violence on the family crisis, on the state, in the continued progression of teaching and the student with loose of affection and readiness.

According to the National Association of School Resource Officers (2009), every state in the nation employs school resource officers. The trend, which began in 1991, was initially funded by federal monies. Since that time, school resource officers have remained in schools, gaining popularity as a proactive strategy in fighting against school violence. The purpose of the study was to examine students' and teachers' perceptions regarding school resource officers' performance related to the 3 dimensions of their responsibilities: maintaining a safe environment, enforcing the law, and teaching. Data were gathered from 104 teachers and 272 students from a middle school and a high school, totaling 376 participants. An analysis of data was based on 6 research questions and information gathered from participant surveys. A t test for independent samples was then conducted to evaluate the mean differences for the 3 dimensions measured in the survey. The following grouping variables were used in the comparisons for each dimension: students and teachers, male and female students, male and female teachers, teachers with varied years of experience, middle and high school students, and middle and high school teachers. A significance difference was found between middle school students and high school students regarding each dimension, suggesting that middle school students observed school resource officers actively performing each role to a higher degree than did high school students. There was also a significant difference between teachers and students regarding the role of maintaining a safe environment and enforcing the law, suggesting that teachers observed school resource officers more active in these roles than in the role of counseling. A significant difference was also found between high school teachers and middle school teachers regarding the role of enforcing the law. High school teachers observed enforcement of law more than middle school teachers. This study suggests that school resource officers' roles need to be clearly defined for teachers and students. Students need to know they can report crime, have knowledge that they are being monitored, and know they have resources available other than administrators and teachers.

Thesis (M.A. (Education)) -- University of the North, 1987 / Refer to the document

Thesis (Ph. D. (Criminology)) --University of Limpopo, 2018 / Schools mirror the culture of violence that is endemic in our society. They have therefore become the focus of research on violence. However, much of our knowledge on violence that occurs in schools is on learners as victims of educator-on- learner and learner-on-learner violence; and as perpetrators of learner-on-learner because a great amount of research focuses only on these types of violence. Very little research has been done on teachers as victims of violence, and of learnerperpetrated violence, in particular. The little knowledge that is available indicates that objectionable behaviour, such as ill-discipline, class disruptions, and aggression and violent behaviour are aspects of interpersonal relationships that may cause teachers stress, burnout, job dissatisfaction, ill health, and lead to them quitting the teaching profession. This study investigated learner-perpetrated violence as a school and workplace violence. The results of this study, which are the outcomes of independently conducted qualitative and quantitative studies, confirm the parallel existence of learner-perpetrated violence and teacher stress and related ill health, behavioural reaction and organisational effects. The implications of these results are that the current legislation, the South African Schools Act, and regulations and policies associated with it, is inadequate in preventing the victimisation of teachers by learners, in their workplaces. Hence, this study recommends a model that can be implemented to prevent violence against teachers at a primary, secondary, and tertiary level. Learner violence is an occupational health and safety risk for teachers and needs to be handled in the same was as any other occupational health and safety hazard; hence the desire by teachers to be covered against violence at work under the Occupational Health and Safety Act. It is recommended that future research should focus on the incorporation of violence into the existing list of occupational hazard. This will force employers to take every step possible to prevent the victimisation of teachers in their workplaces. The reduction of incidents of violence against teachers has the potential of slowing teacher attrition down.

Previous research has revealed that bullying behaviors are negatively related to psychological, behavioral, social, and academic development. However, much of what is known has been determined from cross-sectional or year-long longitudinal studies conducted in elementary or middle school. The present study examined the longer-term correlates of bullying and victimization during the critical transition from middle to high school. Archival data from a large southern school district examined the longer-term implications of bullying and victimization of a middle school cohort (N=1,249). Results revealed that, during the initial survey year and over the following four-year period, self-identification as a bully was related to poorer academic achievement (grade point average), attendance, and discipline problems (total referrals and suspensions). No significant differences were found between victim and uninvolved student profiles, with the exception of victims having more discipline problems over the four subsequent years. Additionally, moderating factors, such as family, peer and school variables, were explored to determine why some youth involved in bullying succeed despite these challenges. Results revealed that the moderating influence of family adaptability and cohesion on student attendance and disciplinary actions persisted over a four-year follow-up period. Whereas increased family cohesion appeared to be related to increased attendance rates for victims, mixed results were demonstrated for family adaptability. Although higher levels of adaptability may be associated with better academic performance for victims, increased family adaptability was associated with poorer behavioral conduct of victims and bullies, as indicated by increased rates of referrals and suspensions.

Studies have shown that conflict resolution and violence prevention education may be lacking within school-based environments. There is a gap in the literature regarding pre-service and in-service conflict resolution and violence prevention education for urban high school educators. The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences and perceptions of urban high school educators' pre-service and in-service conflict resolution and violence prevention education, and the student health-related antecedents that contribute to both. Utilizing a case study methodology, this study emphasized the diverse geographic locations of urban high school educators' pre-service institutions and the perceptions of their pre-service and in-service education regarding 5 student health-related antecedents to conflict and violence in school. Data collection included individual audio-recorded interviews and a follow-up focus group. Data was analyzed by participant's responses to interview questions that aligned with research questions. Data was then coded, cross-coded, and triangulated to generate themes. The results indicated that pre-service teacher education programs are not addressing conflict resolution and violence prevention in schools among pre-service teachers. Further, study findings indicate that teachers and administrators are currently experiencing student health-related antecedents to conflict and violence in school. Research findings also indicated that in-service training is failing to address these critical issues. This study could impact positive social change by implementing relevant and innovative education within pre-service and in-service educator training to address school-level violence.