Orientador: Everardo Magalhães Carneiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T17:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_LucianaMateus_M.pdf: 1375240 bytes, checksum: fe3cbb519b479a70d1a3fcd2f6fd3b82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: incidência do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 vem crescendo em todo o mundo, e a estimativa para os próximos anos é que continue aumentando. Dentro desse panorama, destacamos estudos relacionados com substâncias classificadas como desreguladores endócrinos, caracterizados tanto por alterar a síntese, liberação e ação de hormônios bem como atuar sobre receptores hormonais. Dentre os desreguladores endócrinos, alguns apresentam potencial obesogênico e diabetogênico, como é o caso do Bisfenol A (BPA). Estudos demonstram que o BPA, substância utilizada na manufatura do plástico policarbonato e resina epóxi, possui ação sobre receptores de estrógeno. Devido sua ampla aplicação em itens utilizados cotidianamente, estamos constantemente expostos ao BPA desde o desenvolvimento fetal. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o efeito da exposição de ilhotas pancreáticas de camundongos neonatos ao BPA. Foram utilizadas ilhotas de neonatos (4 a 6 dias de vida) cultivadas por 48 horas com 0,1nM de BPA para avaliar: 1) secreção de insulina; 2) expressão gênica; 3) conteúdo proteico. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste t-Student, com nível de significância p<0,05. A secreção de insulina induzida por glicose ou solução de KCl 40 mM foi prejudicada nas ilhotas tratadas com BPA. O conteúdo total de insulina, assim como a expressão dos genes da insulina não foram alterados. Houve redução tanto da expressão gênica como do conteúdo proteico de conexina 36 nas ilhotas tratadas. O BPA reduziu a expressão gênica da subunidade beta 2 do canal de cálcio do tipo L e o conteúdo proteico das subunidades kir6.2 e sur1 do canal de potássio ATP-dependente. O conteúdo de vamp2 e sintaxina 1A também foi menor nas ilhotas tratadas. Concluímos que a exposição das ilhotas de neonatos ao BPA na concentração e tempo utilizados promove alterações dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na secreção de insulina / Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Recently, studies have shown the diabetogenic effects of some chemical components used in packages of food and beverages. An obsesogenic and diabetogenic substance is the bisphenol A (BPA), used in manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resin. Our exposure to this substance may begin during fetal development and in the first hours of life still in hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA in islets from newborn mice. Neonate pancreatic islets (4-6 days) were isolate by collagenase method and were cultured with BPA (0.1 nM) for 48 hours, and then used to evaluate: 1) insulin secretion; 2) gene expression; 3) protein content. The results were analyzed by Student t-test, p<0.05. We observed a reduced insulin secretion in response to both glucose and 40 mM KCl solution. However, total insulin content and Ins1/Ins2 gene expression was not altered. On the other hand, connexin 36 gene and protein expression were decreased. Another genes involved with b-cell maturation were unchanged. Furthermore, BPA decreased gene expression of beta 2 subunit of L-type calcium channel. Protein content of K-ATP channel (kir6.2 and sur1), vamp2 and syntaxin 1A were also reduced. We concluded that 0.1 nM BPA exposure for 48 h alters molecular mechanisms involved with insulin secretion from newborn islets in culture / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestra em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

A leptospirose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial causada por espiroquetas patogênicas do gênero Leptospira. Resultados experimentais demonstraram que a patogênese pode estar relacionada com a capacidade destas bactérias em aderir a proteínas da matriz extracelular, escapar da resposta imune do hospedeiro e de produzir toxinas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar proteínas secretadas por Leptospira interrogans sorovar Pomona estirpe Fromm kennewicki (patogênica) e Leptospira biflexa sorovar Patoc estirpe Patoc I (saprófita), através de análise proteômica. As leptospiras foram cultivadas em meio EMJH suplementado com soro de coelho ou albumina bovina. Os sobrenadantes foram filtrados, dialisados e liofilizados para aplicação das tecnologias de análise proteômica utilizando gel bidimensional e análise em solução. A análise dos peptídeos obtidos, nos dois procedimentos, foi realizada utilizando-se LC/MS/MS. Foi possível a identificação de 159 proteínas diferentes nas amostras de L.interrogans, entre as quais 64 foram positivas em pelo menos uma das ferramentas usadas para a predição. Em L. biflexa, 104 proteínas diferentes foram identificadas, entre elas 43 proteínas foram positivas pela análise in silico. Entre as proteínas identificadas, estão aquelas que possuem peptídeo sinal sec ou tat dependentes. Em outras, a predição da localização celular é desconhecida ou podem ter múltiplos sítios de localização, e ainda, proteínas que não possuem peptídeo sinal e que podem ser secretadas por mecanismos não convencionais. Muitos destas são proteínas hipotéticas sem domínios conservados detectados. No que diz respeito à atividade proteolítica, foi identificada a presença de metaloproteases no secretoma de L.interrogans. Não houve detecção da presença significativa de proteases bacterianas em amostras de L. biflexa. A identificação e a caracterização funcional de proteínas secretadas poderão contribuir para a elucidação dos mecanismos patogênicos e no desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para o tratamento e prevenção de leptospirose. / Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The mechanisms by which leptospires invade the host and cause the disease are not yet fully understood. Experimental results have shown that the pathogenesis may be related to the ability of these bacteria to bind to extracellular matrix proteins, to escape hosts immune responses and to produce toxins. This work aimed to identify secreted proteins by Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona strain Fromm kennewicki (pathogenic) and Leptospira biflexa serovar strain Patoc Patoc I (saprophyte) through proteomic analysis. The leptospires were grown in EMJH supplemented with rabbit serum or BSA. Supernatants were filtered, dialyzed and lyophilized to proteomic technology, two-dimensional gel and non-gel. The analysis of the obtained peptides in two procedures was performed using LC/MS/LC. It was possible to identify 159 different proteins in the samples of L.interrogans; among them, 64 were positive proteins in at least one of the tools used for prediction. In L. biflexa, 104 different proteins were identified; among them, 43 positive proteins were positive by in silico analysis. Among the identified proteins are those that possess sec or tat dependent signal peptide. In others, the prediction of the cellular location is unknown or may have multiple sites of localization, and even proteins which have no signal peptide can be secreted by unconventional mechanisms. Many of these are hypothetical proteins with no detected putative conserved domains. The presence of metalloproteases has been identified in the L.interrogans´ secretome, using proteolytic assay. There was no significant detection of the presence of bacterial proteases in samples of L. biflexa. The identification and functional characterization of secreted proteins may contribute to the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms and in the developing of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of leptospirosis.

Les protéines destinées à la sécrétion ou adressées à la membrane transitent par le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) où elles acquièrent leur conformation native et subissent des modifications post-traductionnelles comme la formation de ponts disulfures. Dans ce compartiment, la formation de ponts disulfures repose sur l’activité de l’oxydase Ero1 et de la Protein Disulfure Isomerase (PDI). Ero1 catalyse la formation de ponts disulfures et les transmet à la PDI qui à son tour oxyde les substrats. L’isomérisation ou la réduction terminale des ponts disulfures non-natifs repose sur un système de réduction dans le RE encore non élucidé. Des études suggèrent l’importance du glutathion réduit (GSH) dans ce système de réduction. Le GSH est un tripeptide redox exclusivement synthétisé dans le cytosol. Notre étude s’attache à (i) décrire les flux de glutathion entre RE et cytosol et (ii) identifier les acteurs de ce transport (iii) comprendre l’impact d’une modification de l’homéostasie redox du glutathion sur la physiologie du RE.Nous avons établi un système permettant d’étudier les flux de glutathion entre cytosol et RE. Afin de démasquer ces flux intracellulaires, nous avons utilisé une souche de S. cerevisiae surexprimant le transporteur plasmatique du glutathion, HGT1. Ce système permet de modifier rapidement et drastiquement la concentration cytosolique de glutathion. Les flux intracellulaires engendrés sont ensuite suivis grâce à des sondes redox spécifiques du glutathion adressées dans le RE ou le cytoplasme.(i) Nos résultats suggèrent que le GSH et le GSSG sont importés dans le RE depuis le cytosol. Le GSH est transporté selon un gradient de concentration via un système de transport de diffusion facilité. Ces flux sont également observés lors de stress stimulant la synthèse de GSH (stress thermique, arsenite…).(ii) Le transport de GSH dans le lumen est assuré par le translocon Sec61, et une régulation de cet import par la chaperone luminale Kar2 est observée.(iii) une réduction rapide de l’état redox du glutathion dans le RE conduit à une mort cellulaire programmée non apoptotique, également observée lors d’autre stress RE (traitement tunicamycine). / The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the first intracellular compartment of the protein secretion pathway. Protein maturation in this compartment involves protein folding and post-traductionnal modification including formation of disulfide bonds. The formation of disulfide bonds is operated by a highly conserved redox relay made of the thiol oxidase Ero1 and the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Ero1p catalyzes disulfide bond formation and relays them by thiol-disulfide exchange to PDI, which in turn oxidizes substrates. Isomerization and terminal reduction of non-native disulfide bonds both rely on a reduction system that remains to be formally identified. Studies however suggest the importance of reduced glutathione in this reducing system. GSH is small redox tripeptide exclusively synthesized in the cytosol. In this study we (i) describe the main parameters of glutathione traffic across the ER membrane (ii) identify the main actors involved in the transport and (iii) analyze the physiological impact of a modification of the ER glutathione redox state.We established a system to monitor the fluxes of glutathione from the cytosol to the ER in S. cerevisiae. To artificially increase fluxes of glutathione, we used a cell over-expressing the GSH plasma membrane transporter HGT1, which when grown in presence of glutathione import high levels of this compound. Consequently, we monitored the intracellular relocation of imported GSH by following GSH fluxes using two specific redox probes. Our data indicate that:(i) GSH is transported into the ER by facilitated diffusion along a concentration gradient. GSSG can also be imported into the ER. Similarly, stress conditions that stimulate GSH synthesis, such as heat shoc, arsenite treatment, also triggered a GSH import in the ER.(ii) GSH import in the ER is achieved by the translocon Sec61, and is regulated by the lumenal chaperone Kar2.(iii) A rapid reduction of glutathione ER redox state leads to the activation of a non-apoptotic programmed cell death pathway, usually observed during high ER stress.

Thesis (MSc. (Biochemistry)) --University of Limpopo, 2016 / The ever increasing cost of fossil-based fuels and the accompanying concerns about their impact on the environment is driving research towards clean and renewable sources of energy. Bioethanol has the potential to be a replacement for liquid transportation fuels. In addition to its near zero nett carbon dioxide emissions, bio-ethanol has a high energy to weight ratio and can easily be stored in high volumes. To produce bioethanol at economically competitive prices, the major cost in the production process needs to be addressed. The addition of enzymes to hydrolyse the lignocellulosic fraction of the agricultural waste to simple sugars is considered to be the major contributor to high production cost. A consolidated bioprocess (CBP) which ideally combines all the steps that are currently accomplished in different reactors by different microorganisms into a single process step would be a more economically feasible solution. In this study the potential of yeast hybridization with a CBP approach was used. In order to evaluate the reduction or elimination of the addition of cellulolytic and hemi-cellulolytic enzymes to the ethanol production process. High cellobiohydrolase I secreting progeny from hybridization of an industrial bioethanol yeast strain, S. cerevisiae M0341, and a laboratory strain S. cerevisiae Y294 were isolated. In order to determine if this characteristic was specific to cellobiohydrolase I secretion, these strains were evaluated for their ability to secrete other relevant recombinant hydrolase enzymes for CBP-based ethanol production. A total of seven S. cerevisiae strains were chosen from a progeny pool of 28 supersecreting hybrids and reconstructed to create two parental strains; S. cerevisiae M0341 and S. cerevisiae Y294, together with their hybrid segregants strains H3M1, H3M28, H3H29, H3K27 and H3O23. Three episomal plasmids namely pNS201, pNS202 and pNS203 were constructed; these plasmids together with two already available plasmids, namely pRDH166 and pRDH182 contained genes for different reporter enzymes, namely β-glucosidase I, xylanase II, endoglucanase lll, cellobiohydrolase l and α-glucuronidase. To allow for selection of the episomal plasmids, homologous recombination was used to replace the functional URA3 gene of selected strains, with the non-functional ura3 allele from the Y294 strain. Enzyme activity was used as an indicator of the amount of enzyme secreted. Fermentation studies in a bioreactor were used to determine the metabolic burden imposed on the segregants expressing the cellobiohydrolase at high levels. In addition all segregants were tested for resistance to inhibitors commonly found in pre-treated lignocellulosic material. The M28_Cel7A was found to be the best secretor of Cel7A (Cellobiohydrolase l); however it seems as though this phenomenon imposes a significant metabolic burden on the yeast. The supersecreting hybrid strains cannot tolerate lignocellulosic inhibitors at concentrations commonly produced during pretreatment / The National Research Foundation - Renewable Energy Scholarship (NRF-RSES)

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22293号 / 理博第4607号 / 新制||理||1661(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 細川 暢子, 教授 森 和俊, 教授 杤尾 豪人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22327号 / 医博第4568号 / 新制||医||1041(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 竹内 理, 教授 江藤 浩之, 教授 生田 宏一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Le phéochromocytome (PCC) est une tumeur neuroendocrine rare qui se développe principalement aux dépens des cellules chromaffines de la médullo-surrénale. Dans la majorité des cas, les PCCs sont caractérisés par une hypersécrétion de catécholamines responsables de divers effets délétères chez les patients dont le principal est une hypertension (phéochromocytomes symptomatiques, PS). Cependant, il existe également une forme particulière de PCCs asymptomatiques qui sécrètent des taux physiologiques de catécholamines (phéochromocytomes incidentaux, PI). Parmi les patients porteurs de PI, certains sont hypertendus (PIH) et d’autres non (PIN). Afin de mieux caractériser les différents profils sécrétoires de PCCs (PS et PI), nous avons recherché une implication potentielle des microARNs (miRNAs). Nous avons réalisé une analyse transcriptionnelle des miRNAs exprimés dans 32 échantillons de PCCs (12 PS, 12 PIN et 8 PIH). Le miRNome a été réalisé par qRT-PCR microfluidique (Taqman Low Density Array, TLDA) pour 671 miRNAs. L’analyse statistique (Limma) des données d’expression a permis d’identifier 4 miRNAs significativement sur-exprimés (hsa-miR-7-1-3p, 7-2-3p, 26a-1-3p et 550a-3p) et 3 miRNAs sous-exprimés (497-3p, 32-5p, 190b-5p) dans les tumeurs PIN par rapport aux PS. Pour identifier les cibles potentielles des miRNAs, de nombreux logiciels de prédictions bioinformatiques sont disponibles en ligne mais les résultats qu’ils génèrent sont très divergents. Afin de contourner ce problème nous avons développé miRabel, un nouvel outil de prédiction des cibles potentielles des miRNAs et des fonctions biologiques qui leurs sont associées. Le principe général consiste à agréger les résultats de 3 autres algorithmes de prédiction sélectionnés pour leur complémentarité. Au final, les analyses des courbes ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic), de la précision et du Recall ont montré que cet outil est plus efficace i) que les algorithmes qu’il agrège et ii) que d’autres logiciels de prédictions couramment utilisés tels que miRWalk, MBSTAR et TargetScan. Une analyse d'enrichissement (Modular Enrichment Analysis ou MEA, Genecodis3) des cibles prédites pour les miRNAs différentiellement exprimés a révélé qu’ils peuvent moduler significativement l’activité de quelques dizaines de voies de signalisation dont celles du cytosquelette d’actine et des SNAREs (impliquées dans le transport vésiculaire). En se basant sur l’expression des miRNAs, leurs énergies d’hybridation avec leurs cibles ainsi que leurs effets physiologiques potentiels, les ARNm des gènes PAK3, MLCP, MLCK (cytosquelette d’actine), SNAP25 et STX1A (SNAREs) ont été retenus pour la suite de l’étude. Les essais luciférases ont mis en évidence une interaction entre la totalité de l’extrémité 3’UTR des ARNm de MLCK et miR-32, STX1A et miR-550a-3p, SNAP25 et miR-7-1-3p ainsi que miR-550a-3p. Les autres interactions testées se sont révélées négatives. Les analyses par RT-qPCR ont montré une diminution significative du niveau d’ARNm de MLCK et de STX1A suite à la transfection de miR-32-5p et miR-550a-3p respectivement. Concernant SNAP25, un effet inhibiteur de miR-550a-3p / 7-1-3p est observé. Cet effet a été confirmé au niveau protéique pour STX1A et SNAP25. / Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are rare neuroendocrine tumors which arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. In most cases, PCCs are characterized by a hypersecretion of catecholamines, which is responsible for most of deleterious effects in the patients with hypertension being the main symptom (symptomatic pheochromocytomas, SP). However, some PCCs are asymptomatic and secrete physiological levels of catecholamines (Incidental Pheochromocytomas, IP). Among patients with an IP, some are hypertensive (HIP) and other are strictly normotensive (NIP). In order to better understand the different secretory profiles of PCCs (SP and IP), we investigated the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process. We started by identifying differentially expressed miRNAs between 12 SP, 12 NIP and 8 SP. The miRNome was done by microfluidic qRT-PCR (Taqman Low Density Array, TLDA) for 671 miRNAs. Statistical analysis (Limma) of the expression results identified 4 miRNAs significantly over-expressed (hsa-miR-7-1-3p, 7-2-3p, 26a-1-3p et 550a-3p) and 3 under-expressed (497-3p, 32-5p, 190b-5p) in NIP tumors when compared to SP. To identify potential miRNAs’ targets, numerous bioinformatic prediction methods are available but their results are quite divergent. To circumvent this issue, we developed miRabel, a new miRNAs’ targets prediction tool and their associated biological functions. MiRabel aggregated the results of 3 other prediction algorithms selected for their features complementarity. The analysis of ROC, precision and recall curves showed that this tool is more efficient i) than the aggregated prediction methods and ii) than other recent or widely used tools such as miRWalk, MBSTAR and TargetScan. A Modular Enrichment Analysis (MEA, Genecodis3) of the miRNAs’ predicted targets revealed that they could potentially regulate the activity of a few pathways of which the actin cytoskeleton and the SNAREs (involved in vesicular transport). PAK3, MLCP, MLCK (Actin cytoskeleton), SNAP25 and STX1A (SNAREs) were selected to be experimentally validated based on miRNA’s expression, hybridization energy and potential physiological impact. Experimental validations of the selected interactions are achieved by luciferase gene reporter, RT-qPCR assays and western-blots following the transfection of studied miRNAs. Luciferase assays showed a direct interaction between the whole 3’UTR of MLCK mRNA and miR-32-5p, STX1A and miR-550a-3p, SNAP25 and miR-7-1-3p as well as miR-550a-3p. The other tested interactions came out to be negative. A significant decrease of MLCK mRNA and STX1A were observed by RT-qPCR analysis after transfecting miR-32-5p and miR-550a-3p respectively. As for SNAP25, the inhibitory effect of miR550a-3p/7-1-3p could be observed. This effect was confirmed at the protein level by western-blots for STX1A and SNAP25. We then evaluated the physiological effect of miR-550a-3p/7-1-3p on the regulated secretion of PC12 rat PCC cells. This was achieved using a nano-luciferase fused to growth hormone 1 (GH1). Once stimulated (59 mM potassium and 2 mM barium), miR-550a-3p over-expression decreased the secretory capacity of PC12 cells while miR-7-1-3p could not. This project represents the first study aiming to understand the regulation of the catecholamine secretion pathway by miRNAs in the pathophysiological context of PCC patients. Eventually, the characterization of this miRNA’s network should improve patient care in the field of hypersecreting neuroendocrine tumors.

Orientador: Rodrigo Tavanelli Hernandes / Resumo: O principal mecanismo de virulência de Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) é a capacidade de causar uma lesão histopatológica na mucosa intestinal denominada attaching and effacing (AE), caracterizada pela aderência íntima das bactérias, destruição das microvilosidades e formação de estruturas semelhantes a pedestais, ricos em F-actina, nos enterócitos infectados. Genes do locus of enterocyte effacement (região LEE) codificam todas as proteínas necessárias para a formação da lesão AE. As EPEC são divididas em típicas (tEPEC) e atípicas (aEPEC), com base na presença do EPEC adherence factor plasmid no primeiro grupo. A partir de um conjunto de sete amostras de aEPEC pertencentes ao sorotipo O2:H16, obtidos de surtos e casos esporádicos de diarreia, mostramos que cinco deles produziram uma adesão híbrida localizada/difusa (AL/AD) em células HeLa. Neste estudo, uma amostra de aEPEC deste sorotipo (282/14), que produziu o padrão AL/AD, foi selecionada para investigar as estruturas bacterianas envolvidas em seu fenótipo adesivo. Para este propósito, a amostra de aEPEC 282/14 foi mutagenizada usando o kit EZ::TN <R6Kyori/KAN-2> Tnp transposome kit, gerando uma biblioteca de inserções Tn5. Esses mutantes de inserção Tn5 foram testados quanto a perda ou redução da capacidade aderente, em ensaios realizados em 6 h de incubação com células HeLa. Dentre 320 clones pesquisados, nove foram considerados deficientes em sua capacidade de interagir com células epiteliais e quatro deles a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main virulence mechanism of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the capacity to cause a histopathological lesion on the intestinal mucosa, termed Attaching and Effacing (AE); characterized by intimate bacterial adherence, microvillus destruction and formation of F-actin rich pedestal-like structures, in infected enterocytes. Genes of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE region) encode all proteins necessary for AE lesion formation. EPEC are divided in typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC), based on the presence of the EPEC adherence factor plasmid in the former group. From a collection of seven aEPEC O2:H16, obtained from outbreak and sporadic cases of diarrhea, we showed that five of them produced a hybrid localized/diffuse adherence (LA/DA) in HeLa cells. In this study, we selected one aEPEC isolate of this serotype (282/14) that produced the LA/DA pattern, to investigate the bacterial structures involved in its adhesive phenotype. For this purpose, aEPEC 282/14 was mutagenized using the EZ::TN < R6Kyori/KAN-2 > Tnp transposome kit, generating a library of Tn5 insertions. These Tn5 insertion mutants were screened for non-adherent or less adherent mutants, in assays performed in 6 h of incubation with HeLa cells. Among the 320 clones screened, nine were considered deficient in their ability to interact with epithelial cells, and four of them presented the Tn5 insertion in genes within the LEE region, such as tir, escV, and grlR. In order to confirm the role of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

En France, l’obésité touche 15% de la population et est en perpétuelle augmentation. Elle est une cause majeure du diabète de type 2. Elle se traduit par un accroissement du nombre de cellules de stockage du gras (adipocytes) et une résistance périphérique à l’insuline. Chez des individus obèses, l’augmentation du nombre d’adipocytes est associée à une diminution de l’expression de la sortiline, protéine transmembranaire dont le clivage entraine la formation du propeptide (PE) et sa libération dans la circulation sanguine. L’analogue synthétique du PE, la spadine, est connu pour moduler l’activité du canal potassique TREK-1. Ce canal étant exprimé dans la cellule bêta pancréatique qui sécrète l’insuline, une hormone participant à la régulation du taux de glucose dans le sang, il est possible que la spadine joue un rôle dans l’homéostasie du glucose. Mes résultats confirment cette hypothèse. En effet, la spadine améliore la tolérance au glucose des souris, en favorisant la libération d’insuline. La spadine est également connue pour interagir avec sortiline, indispensable au trafic du transporteur de glucose Glut4 vers la membrane des adipocytes. Cette interaction spadine-sortiline suggère que la spadine pourrait moduler l’entrée du glucose dans les adipocytes via la sortiline. Mes résultats montrent que la spadine ne modifie pas les capacités de stockage du glucose des adipocytes. En conclusion, la spadine joue un rôle dans la sécrétion de l’insuline et dans la régulation de la glycémie, ce qui peut présenter un intérêt pharmaceutique / In France, approximately 15% of the population is obese and this number keeps rising up every year. Obesity is a major cause of diabetes, inducing an increase of the number of fat-filled cells, called the adipocytes, and a peripheral insulin resistance. This increase of the number of adipocytes is associated with a decrease of sortilin expression, a transmembrane protein which is involved in the release of a propeptide (PE) in the blood circulation. Spadin, a synthetic PE analog, is known to modulate the potassium TREK-1 channel activity. Since, this channel is expressed in pancreatic beta cells which secrete insulin, a hormone involved in blood glucose regulation, spadin may play a role in glucose homeostasis. Consistent with this hypothesis, spadin improves glucose tolerance in mice, by stimulating insulin release. Spadin is a natural peptide derived from sortilin, which is known to control the glucose transporter Glut4 trafficking to the plasma membrane of adipocytes. This suggests that spadin may regulate glucose storage in adipocytes by affecting the sortilin function. However, my results show that spadin has no effect on glucose storage. In summary, spadin is involved in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis and may be an alternative treatment against obesity and diabetes