Caspr2 est une molécule d'adhérence impliquée dans diverses pathologies neurologiques telles que l'autisme et l'encéphalite limbique (EL). Les mécanismes pathogéniques restent inconnus. Caspr2 est associé aux canaux potassiques Kv1.1/1.2 aux juxtaparanoeuds et au segment initial (SI). Dans un premier article publié dans Front. Cell. Neurosci. (2015), nous avons mis en évidence que les autoanticorps anti-Caspr2 issus de patients atteints d'EL ciblent majoritairement les neurones GABAergiques. Caspr2 est localisé au niveau des axones et des terminaisons présynaptiques inhibitrices dans les neurones d'hippocampe en culture. De plus, nous avons généré une chimère Caspr2-Fc soluble qui a permis d’identifier TAG-1 comme récepteur de Caspr2 localisé au niveau du compartiment somato-dendritique postsynaptique. Les neurones incubés avec des IgGs de patients, présentent une densité diminuée des clusters de Géphyrine marqueur des post-synapses inhibitrices. Ces anticorps sont d'isotype IgG4 et reconnaissent le plus communément des épitopes de la région Discoïdine-LaminineG1. Un blocage fonctionnel de Caspr2 au niveau synaptique permettrait de comprendre l'hyperexcitabilité associée à l'EL. Dans un second article en préparation, nous avons étudié la régulation de l’expression de Caspr2 au SI. Nous avons utilisé différentes constructions et identifié les domaines LamineG2-EGF1 extracellulaires de Caspr2 requis pour son expression axonale. De plus, les domaines cytoplasmiques de liaison aux protéines 4.1B et PDZ sont impliqués dans la rétention de Caspr2 et MPP2 au SI. Notablement, l'expression de TAG-1 ou ADAM22 induit des effets opposés sur l'expression de Caspr2 au SI. / Caspr2 is a cell adhesion molecule associated with neurologic diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders and limbic encephalitis. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are still unknown. Caspr2 is associated with the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.1/1.2 localized at the axon initial segment (AIS) and the juxtaparanodes in myelinated axons. In a first paper published in Front. Cell. Neurosci. (2015), we characterized anti-Caspr2 autoantibodies from limbic encephalitis (LE) patients and showed that these autoantibodies preferentially targeted GABAergic neurons. Caspr2 was localized along axons and at the presynaptic terminals of inhibitory neurons in hippocampal cultures. Next, we generated a soluble Caspr2-Fc chimera to identify TAG-1 as a receptor for Caspr2 localized at the somato-dendritic compartment and post-synapses. We determined that neurons displayed decreased synaptic gephyrin clusters when incubated with anti-Caspr2 IgGs from LE patients. The autoantibodies mainly bound the N-terminal Discoidin-LamininG1 domains and were of the IgG4 isotype. They may exert functional blocking activity on inhibitory connections underlying the hyperexcitability linked with LE. In a second article in preparation, we examined the regulated expression of Caspr2 at the AIS using deletion and reporter constructs. We mapped the LamininG2 and EGF1 modules in the ectodomain as implicated in the axonal distribution of Caspr2 and the cytoplasmic motifs for binding to 4.1B and PDZ proteins as implicated in Caspr2 AIS retention together with MPP2. Strikingly, co-expression with TAG-1 and ADAM22 induced opposite effects on AIS Caspr2 distribution.

Sammanfattning   Titel: Marknadsföringsaktiviteter på sociala medier – En undersökande studie om varumärkeskännedom bland konsumenter inom generation X   Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) inom företagsekonomi   Författare: Caroline Pivré och Mimmi Roos   Handledare: Anna Ljung   Datum: 2021 - januari   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om marknadsföringsaktiviteter på sociala medier leder till ökad varumärkeskännedom bland konsumenter som tillhör generation X.    Metod: En kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats tillämpades. Populationen som studerades var konsumenter som tillhör generation X. Ett slumpmässigt urval användes. Data samlades in genom en enkät som delades ut på Facebook. Data analyserades i det statistiska programmet SPSS där faktoranalys, test av Cronbachs Alfa, korrelationsanalys och multipel regressionsanalys genomfördes. Data har redovisats i löpande text och i tabellform.    Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visade att varumärkeskännedom ökar bland konsumenter inom generation X när marknadsföringsaktiviteter på sociala medier används, samt att anpassning av marknadsföring till generation X som ett segment inte har någon betydelse för ökad varumärkeskännedom. Studiens slutsats är att ett varumärkes sociala plattformar ska vara intressanta och underhållande för att varumärkeskännedomen ska öka samt att det finns begränsad kunskap om generation X som ett segment jämfört med generation Y.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Uppsatsen bidrar med kunskap om att marknadsföringsaktiviteter på sociala medier leder till ökad varumärkeskännedom för konsumenter inom generation X, samt att anpassning till generationen som ett segment inte har betydelse för ökad varumärkeskännedom. Studien bidrar med praktiska bidrag om betydelsen av att skapa intressanta och underhållande plattformar.    Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till fortsatt forskning är att undersöka hur personligheter, värderingar och kön påverkar upplevd varumärkeskännedom bland konsumenter inom generation X.    Nyckelord: Varumärkeskännedom, marknadsföringsaktiviteter på sociala medier, traditionella marknadsföringsaktiviteter och anpassning till ett segment. / Abstract   Title: Marketing activities on social media - A study that examines brand awareness among consumers within generation X   Level: Final assignment for bachelor’s degree in Business Administration   Author: Caroline Pivré and Mimmi Roos    Supervisor: Anna Ljung    Date: 2021 - January   Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate if social media marketing activities lead to increased brand awareness among consumers within generation X.    Method: A quantitative method with a deductive approach was applied. The population studied was Generation X consumers. A random sample was used. Data was collected through a survey distributed on Facebook. Data was analysed in the statistical program SPSS where factor analysis, test of Cronbach's Alpha, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. Data has been reported in linear form and in table form.   Result and Conclusions: The results showed that brand awareness increases among consumers within generation X when marketing activities on social media are used, and that marketing adaptation to generation X as a segment, has no significance for increased brand awareness. The study concludes that a brand's social platforms should be interesting and entertaining in order for brand awareness to increase, and that there is limited knowledge about generation X as a segment compared to generation Y.   Contribution of the thesis: The thesis contributes with knowledge that marketing activities on social media lead to increased brand awareness for consumers within generation X, and that adaptation to the generation as a segment has no significance for increased brand awareness. The study provides practical contributions on the importance of creating interesting and entertaining platforms.   Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for further research are to investigate how personalities, values and gender affect perceived brand awareness among consumers within generation X.   Key words: Brand awareness, marketing activities on social media, traditional marketing activities and adaptation to a segment.

This diploma thesis deals with development and design modifications of tire mould segment which will be batch produced by additive technology Selective Laser Melting. Material for its production is maraging steel 1.2709. Lattice structure was used inside the segment construction. The geometry of the lattice cell was chose based on two main factors – eliminating production costs and providing sufficient stiffness. Strength of the segment was calculated by FEM. The functional sample was made and its distortion was analyzed by optical digitalization.

L’activité plaquettaire joue un rôle clé dans la physiopathologie de l’infarctus du myocarde avec sus-décalage du segment ST (IDM ST+). La réactivité plaquettaire est augmentée lors d’un IDM ST+, traité par angioplastie primaire ou par fibrinolyse avec succès. La relation entre la réactivité plaquettaire résiduelle après un pré-traitement, la charge athérothrombotique et la qualité de la reperfusion myocardique reste peu décrite dans le cadre des IDM ST+. La tomographie par cohérence optique et celle plus récente par domaine de fréquence offrent une imagerie de haute résolution permettant l’identification et la quantification précise de la charge athérothrombotique intracoronaire (CAT). La CAT résiduelle intra-stent peut aider à mieux comprendre la relation entre la réactivité plaquettaire et la reperfusion. Dans un premier temps, nous avons évalué la précision des tests VerifyNow et PFA en comparaison à l’agrégométrie optique pour la détection de l’hyperréactivité plaquettaire dans le contexte particulier des IDM ST+ traités par fibrinolyse avec succès. Nous avons aussi décrit les caractéristiques de la CAT avant et après angioplastie selon la présence d’une rupture de plaque ou d’une érosion coronaire chez des patients traités par fibrinolyse avec succès. Ensuite, nous avons étudié la relation entre la réactivité plaquettaire résiduelle (en réponse au ticagrelor et à l’aspirine) mesurée par VerifyNow et la reperfusion myocardique chez des patients traités par angioplastie primaire. En parallèle, nous avons décrit la relation entre la reperfusion myocardique et la CAT résiduelle intra-stent dans la même cohorte. / Platelet activity plays a key role in the pathophysiology of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Platelet reactivity is enhanced after STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or successful thrombolysis. The relationship between residual platelet reactivity after pre-treatment, the atherothrombotic burden and the quality of reperfusion remains poorly described in STEMI. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) provide high resolution imaging allowing identification and accurate quantification of intracoronary atherothrombotic burden (ATB). Residual in-stent ATB may help to better understand the relation between platelet reactivity and reperfusion. First, we assessed the accuracy of the point-of-care tests VerifyNow and PFA in comparison to light transmittance aggregometry to detect high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) in the particular setting of STEMI successfully treated with fibrinolysis. We also described the characteristics of ATB before and after PCI according to the underlying presence of rupture or erosion in patients successfully treated with fibrinolysis. Then, we assessed the relationship between residual platelet reactivity (in response to ticagrelor and aspirin) using VerifyNow and myocardial reperfusion in primary PCI patients. In parallel, we studied the relationship between myocardial reperfusion and residual in-stent ATB in the same cohort.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka motiv samt barriärer svenska klädföretag ser rörande sina sourcing beslut, med fokus på nearshoring och farshoring. Vidare undersöks även hur dessa motiv och barriärer skiljer sig åt beroende på vilket segment klädföretaget inriktar sig på. Västra Götaland har länge varit centrum för textilindustrin i Sverige men har på senare tid konkurrerat med utländska, billigare tillverkningsländer såsom Kina och Bangladesh. Idag har dock en trend uppdagats, då många klädföretag väljer att flytta sin produktion till länder närmare hemmamarknaden, vilket benämns som nearshoring. Uppsatsen har en kvalitativinriktning där en flerfaldig fallstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra klädföretag baserade i Västra Götaland. Intervjuerna utformades i syfte att undersöka respektive företags motiv samt barriärer för att att arbeta med nearshoring. Det insamlade empiriska materialet analyserades därefter genom indelning av dessa motiv och barriärer i en tabell för att skapa en tydlig överblick. Tabellen analyserades vidare för att hitta mönster och dessa delades sedermera in i sex olika kategorier som lades till grund för analysen. Motiv och barriärer hos de studerade företagen var relativt likartade och överensstämmer med tidigare forskning inom området. De starkaste motiven för nearshoring visade sig vara tid tillmarknaden, hållbarhet och riskhantering medan de starkaste barriärerna var högre kostnader, kapacitet och relation med leverantörer. Motiv och barriärer tenderade även att skilja sig åt beroende på vilket segment inom marknaden ett företag är verksam inom. Sport- och fritidskläder visade sig vara mer fokuserade på kvalitét och pris medan modekedjor är merfokuserade på snabbhet till marknaden. / The purpose of this study is to investigate nearshoring motives and barriers in the Swedish clothing industry, and the differences between diverse segments on the market. Västra Götaland, a region in Sweden, has long been the centre for the textile industry in Sweden but has been struggling with competition of foreign, cheaper manufacturing countries like China or Bangladesh. Today, the manufacturing returning to closer areas of the market, labeled as nearshoring, which is shown to be a growing trend. The study has a qualitative research strategy approach where a multiple-case study with semi-structured interviews have been conducted with four clothing companies in Västra Götaland. The interviews were designed to investigate their respective motives and barriers for nearshoring. The collected data was analysed by dividing all of the motives and barriers into a table to get an overview. The table was then analyzed to find patterns. These patterns were later divided into six categories that was used as a foundation for the analysis. The barriers and motives of the different companies are quite similar and complies with the earlier research that has been conducted on the subject. The strongest motives for nearshoring is time to market, sustainability and risk management while the barriers was pointed out as higher costs, capacity and relationship with current partners and manufactures. The motives and barriers tend to shift depending on what segment on the market that the company is operating on. Sport and active wear tend to be more focused on quality and price while fashion companies tend to be more interested in speed to market. This thesis is written in Swedish.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of clinical conditions caused by myocardial ischemia including unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segmcnt elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Appropriate and accurate diagnosis has life-saving implications and requires a quick but thorough evaluation of the patient's history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, radiographic studies, and cardiac biomarkers. The management of patients with suspected or confirmed ACS continues to evolve as new evidence from clinical trials is considered and as new technology becomes available to both primary care physicians and cardiologists. Low- and intermediate-risk patients have frequently been managed in a chest pain center or in the emergency department. While stress testing with or without radionuclide imaging is the most common evaluation method, a CT angiogram is sometimes substituted High-risk patients are often managed with an early invasive strategy involving left heart catheterization with a goal of prompt revascularization of at-risk, viable myocardium. With the increased availability of cardiac catheterization facilities, patients with STEMI are more commonly being managed with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, although thrombolysis is still used where such facilities are not immediately available. This article provides primary care physicians with a concise review of the pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management of ACS based on the best available evidence in 2008.

L'orientation des lentilles sclérales devient extrêmement importante pour maximiser la stabilité et la vision chez des patients qui portent des lentilles ayant une face antérieure torique. Les techniques cliniques actuelles pour déterminer la rotation d'une lentille sclérale impliquent l'utilisation de lentilles diagnostiques; cependant, ces méthodes nécessitent beaucoup de temps de chaise pour obtenir un ajustement optimal. Des appareils novateurs existent maintenant pour évaluer la forme de la surface oculaire et peuvent s’avérer utiles pour prédire la rotation des lentilles sclérales et augmenter l'efficacité globale des ajustements. Le but de cette étude comparative et randomisée était d'évaluer la rotation des lentilles sclérales en se basant sur des valeurs fournies par deux topographes. Quinze participants ont été recrutés et leurs deux yeux ont été imagés à l'aide de deux topographes: le Eye Surface Profiler (ESP) et le Cornea Sclera Profile (CSP). Les participants ont ensuite été ajustés avec la lentille OneFit MED dans un oeil et la Zenlens dans l'autre. La rotation de chaque lentille a été évaluée à l’aide de la lampe à fente et comparée à l’axe le plus cambré de l’astigmatisme conjonctival identifié par chaque topographe. Bien que les rotations des deux instruments ne soient pas comparables, l'ESP a prédit une rotation à moins de 15° de l'observation à la lampe à fente, ce qui la rend cliniquement acceptable pour les lentilles avec de faibles valeurs de puissance cylindrique. L'acuité visuelle des patients portant des lentilles avec des quantités élevées de toricité pouvant être plus affectée par la quantité de rotation, les ajustements empiriques semblent, à ce stade, être déconseillés pour ces cas. / Scleral lens orientation becomes extremely important to maximize vision and lens stability in patients who are fitted in front-toric lenses. Current clinical techniques to determine the rotation of a scleral lens involve the use of diagnostic lenses; however, these methods require a substantial amount of chair time to achieve an optimal fit. Contemporary equipment exists to evaluate ocular surface shape, which could be useful in predicting scleral lens rotation and increasing the overall efficiency of scleral lens adjustments. The goal of this comparative and randomized study was to evaluate scleral lens rotation based on the values provided by two scleral topographers. Fifteen participants were recruited and both eyes were imaged using two scleral topographers: the Eye Surface Profiler (ESP) and the Cornea Sclera Profile (CSP). Participants were fitted with the OneFit MED on one eye and the Zenlens on the other. Each lens’s rotation was evaluated at the slit lamp and compared to the steep axis of conjunctival astigmatism identified by each topographer. While the rotations from both instruments are not comparable, the ESP predicted rotation within 15˚ from slit lamp observation, which makes it clinically acceptable for lenses with low values of cylindrical power. The visual acuity of patients wearing lenses with a high amount of toricity may be affected by the amount of rotation and are not suitable for empirical fittings at this point in time.

The aim of the study is to see what topics the news programmes Rapport on Swedish Television and Ekot on Swedish Radio report on in their broadcasts and to see how different news genres take their place in the programmes. Rapport and Ekot are two of Sweden's biggest news programmes and I want to analyse what is similar in their broadcasts and what is different. The study has been conducted on seven different broadcasts from each medium, which means that the sample amounts to 14 broadcasts from Rapport at 18.00 on SVT (SVT1) and Ekot at 16.45 on SR (P1 and P4). The broadcasts are taken from a period of seven months. I have investigated which news genres is featured in each broadcast and, in particular, studied which news genres are generally the three most common. Furthermore, I have studied how much space news stories, telegrams and commentaries get in comparison to each other. I have also studied how much time covid-19 and the weather get in the news broadcasts compared to other news. The results showed that both SVT and SR spend a lot of time on news stories. Furthermore, the study showed that Rapport reports more on the pandemic, while Ekot focuses more on foreign news. The study also showed that crime news is often top news along with news about politics. News about the weather forecast is more featured on TV than on radio, according to my study on my analysis units.

Presented dissertation is involved in the issue of marketing communication within the framework of relations among supplier/producer of materials – producer of clothing – retailer and customer in the outdoor clothing segment in the Czech Republic. A specific role of the customer is considered in the context of the value co-creation concept with the emphasis on the development and increase of perceived value. A primary objective of the dissertation is the identification of new approaches to the marketing communication with customers within the framework of mentioned relations with the stress on the determination of the synergistic effect of mentioned relations in the influence of various forms of communication to the customers. Partial objectives are defined in link with this objective. The dissertation objectives and individual hypotheses, in which submitted dissertation is interested in, are defined on the basis of the analysis of theoretical starting points and secondary data. Conducted primary research then combines qualitative and quantitative approaches aiming at the analysis and description of the individual parts. Results of research are presented both in the form of partial conclusions characterizing the individual spheres and in the form of summary conclusion. In the formulation of conclusions a strong emphasis is put on the visualization in the form of schematic illustrations of identified principles. The dissertation contains conclusions and recommendations offered to the individual involved parties. The dissertation conclusion summarizes contributions to science and research, practical as well as educational applications. A complex philosophy of the exploration of the theme is completed with an introduction of restrictions of carried-out research and incentives for further research studies in this particular field.

This doctoral thesis is focused on comparative stress strain analysis of a spinal segment with a malleable fixation device and a physiologic spinal segment. In its opening a research study from available sources is carried out. It covers the contemporary state of scientific studies in the given area, anatomy of individual components of the spine, material properties, ways and magnitudes of loadings and also the most common FE model used in similar problems solved. To create a model of geometry of a spinal segment CT scans of a spinal segment of a 38-year-old woman are used. Then they are subsequently used in the modeling software SolidWorks to create the model of geometry of two lumbar vertebras L4 - L5 and a malleable fixation device. Using the computational system ANSYS Workbench, the complete computational model of the spinal motional segment with a malleable fixation device is compiled, covering models of material, loading and bonds. On the basis of the computational solution of FEM models for different ways of loading, a stress-strain analysis is performed. To compare obtained results a detailed comparative analysis with the physiological spinal segment, the segment with the degenerated disc and the segment with applied "rigid" fixation device is carried out. Within the stress strain analysis of the spinal segment with malleable fixation device, an analysis of the magnitude of the strain intensity of spongious bone tissue around the implanted transpedicular screw, depending on the cord pretension of the malleable fixation device, is performed.