This work seeks to settle the doctrine of self-determination in international law. Drawing upon a selection of historical thinkers who have concentrated upon the value of freedom, a theory of political liberty, is developed. This is situated in relation to political history from the Age of Revolutions on. The development of the formal principle of self-determination is discussed. This reveals a doctrine lacking coherence. The philosophy of political liberty is proposed as a foundation for self-determination in law. The way this new approach manifests itself in practice, and its merits, are considered in relation to the politics of Crimea, with a focus on the immediate post-Soviet period of 1991-2002. In conclusion, a programme for implementation and refinement is offered. It is also noted that one could fashion a new approach to international law as a whole on the basis of the logic that is employed here to settle the doctrine of self-determination.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka inre arbetsmotivation och arbetstillfredsställelse genom att se vilket motivationsbehov och vilken typ av arbetstillfredsställelse som skattades högst. Syftet var även att undersöka vilka motivationsbehov som bäst predicerar inre och yttre arbetstillfredsställelse. Studien genomfördes inom äldreomsorgenen i en mindre kommun i Sverige. 80 personer deltog i studien som genomfördes som en enkätundersökning. Mätinstrumenten som användes var Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) och Basic Need of Satisfaction at work Scale (BNS). MSQ mätte inre och yttre arbetstillfredsställelse medan BNS mätte inre arbetsmotivation med utgångspunkt från Self-Determination Theory och de tre komponenterna autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet. Resultatet visade att samhörighet var det behov som skattades högst och det fanns en signifikant skillnad till autonomi och kompetens. Inre arbetstillfredsställelse skattades högre än yttre arbetstillfredsställelse och autonomi och kompetens predicerade inre arbetstillfredsställelse medan kompetens predicerade yttre arbetstillfredsställelse. / The purpose of the study was to examine intrinsic work motivation and work satisfaction by seeing which basic motivation need and which type of work satisfaction that was highest estimated. The purpose was also to examine which basic motivation needs that were the predictors to internal and external work satisfaction. The study was conducted among employees in nursing homes. 80 nurses participated and the study was conducted as a survey. The instrument used in the study was Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and Basic Need of Satisfaction at work Scale (BNS). MSQ measured internal and external work satisfaction while BNS measured intrinsic work motivation based on Self Determination-Theory and the three components autonomy, competence and relatedness. The results showed that relatedness was highest estimated and that there was a significant difference to autonomy and competence. Internal work satisfaction was rated higher than external work satisfaction and autonomy and competence was the predictors of internal work satisfaction while competence predicted external work satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between self-determination theory and its three basic needs: competence, autonomy and relatedness, and commitment to change in an organizational change. Another purpose was to examine if the quality of the communication and the effects on the organization and way to work can predict commitment to change. Considering that organizational changes is very common today there is an interest to ease and improve the change process. The survey contained the scales Commitment to change scale and Basic need satisfaction at work scale and the participants were 39 office-workers who recently had gone through an organizational change. The result indicated that it’s possible to predict commitment to change from self-determination theory, communication and effects on organization and way to work. The predictor variables explained 65 % of the variance. The factors competence, autonomy and communication contributed. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan self-determination theory och dess tre grundläggande behov av kompetens, autonomi och samhörighet, och förändringsengagemang vid en organisationsförändring. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka om kvaliteten på kommunikationen samt upplevd inverkan på organisationen och påverkan på det egna arbetet bidrog till prediktionsförmågan. Med tanke på att organisationsförändringar idag är en mycket vanlig företeelse finns det ett intresse i att underlätta och förbättra förändringsprocessen. Undersökningen genomfördes i form av en enkätstudie på 39 tjänstemän på en avdelning som hade genomgått en organisationsförändring. Enkäten bestod av skalorna Commitment to change scale och Basic need satisfaction at work scale. Resultatet visade att det är möjligt att predicera förändringsengagemang utifrån self-determination theory tillsammans med kommunikation, påverkan på organisationen och inverkan på arbetssättet och prediktorvariablerna förklarade 65 % av variansen. Faktorerna kompetens, autonomi och kommunikation var de faktorer som bidrog.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-22T15:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniowaltersenajunior.pdf: 3004820 bytes, checksum: 9f9af904695c90fb200152075c392c3f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T19:23:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniowaltersenajunior.pdf: 3004820 bytes, checksum: 9f9af904695c90fb200152075c392c3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T19:23:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniowaltersenajunior.pdf: 3004820 bytes, checksum: 9f9af904695c90fb200152075c392c3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os motivos que levam as pessoas a praticarem a corrida de rua, a partir da Teoria da Autodeterminação (Deci e Ryan, 1980, 1985, 1991). Foi verificada a validade da teoria, sua aplicabilidade e resultados em 51 corredores de rua (37 homens e 14 mulheres) do Ranking de Corridas de Rua da Secretaria de Esporte e Lazer da Prefeitura de Juiz de Fora, MG. Foi utilizado o instrumento denominado Escala de Motivação no Esporte (EMEBR) – versão brasileira da SMS (Sport Motivation Scale). A EME-BR consiste de 28 itens, subdividido em 7 subescalas que medem três tipos de Motivação Intrínseca, três formas de regulação para Motivação Extrínseca (Identificação, Introjeção e Regulação Externa), e Amotivação (BARA FILHO et al., 2011). Os resultados apresentaram níveis satisfatórios de consistência interna. As correlações entre as sub-escalas confirmaram aspectos teóricos, como o Índice de Autodeterminação e o Continuum de Autodeterminação. / The aim of this study was to identify the reasons that lead people to be a roadrunner, starting from the Self-Determination Theory (Deci e Ryan, 1980, 1985, 1991). It was verified the validity’s theory, his applicability and results on 51 roadrunners (37 males and 14 females) belonging to the Ranking de Corridas de rua da Secretaria de Esporte e Lazer da Prefeitura de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The instrument used was the Brazilian Version (EME-BR) of the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). The SMS consists of 28 items, subdivided in seven subscales that measure three types of Intrinsec Motivation, three forms of regulation for Extrinsic Motivation (identified, Introjected, and External), and Amotivation (BARA FILHO et al., 2011). The results revealed a satisfactory level of internal consistency. The correlations among subscales confirmed the theoretical elements like the self-determination index and the self-determination continuum.

Tidigare forskning visar på problematiken beträffande elevers motivation i skolan. Problematiken som framgår är att fler elever är omotiverade till att delta i matematik samt idrott och hälsa än för några år sedan. Tidigare forskning lyfter även fram vikten av att det är lärarnas främsta ansvar att motivera eleverna i skolan. Tidigare forskning lyfter fram att motivation påverkar elevernas delaktighet i undervisningen. Syftet med studien är att skaffa bredare förståelse för vilka strategier lärare använder för att skapa yttre motivation i ämnet matematik samt idrott och hälsa. För att besvara syftet och forskningsfrågorna har observationer, ostrukturerade intervjuer, fältanteckningar och ljudinspelning används som datainsamlingsmetod. Tre metodfrågor har även det varit till hjälp för att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. Det teoretiska ramverket som använts i studien är Self-determination theory. Det genomfördes ett urval av det insamlade materialet där den yttre motivationen kunde identifieras. Analysen visade på att alla typer av yttre motivation (external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation) användes i undervisningen. Analysavsnittet visade även på att lärarna använde strategierna i olika hög grad i respektive ämne. Det innebar att den yttre motivationen kunde identifieras mer under idrottslektionerna än på matematiklektionerna. Likheter och skillnader mellan matematikundervisningen och idrottsundervisningen har även identifierats beträffande de olika typerna av yttre motivation. / The first part of this review is regarding the lack of motivation amongst pupils in school. Bottom line in this review is about how motivation has an influence in the participation in the pupil’s education. Pervious research shows that motivation affects the participation in education. Previous research also showed that teachers have a responsibility to motivate pupils in school. The pupil’s motivation in education has a big influence of the participation in class. The purpose is to investigate which strategies teachers use to motivate pupils in mathematics and physical education. The review used the methods observations, structured interviews, notes and sound recording to answer the purpose and research questions. Self-determination theory has used a framework in the review. A selection has been done, from the collected material, which proved to be external motivation. The analyse shows that every type of external motivation was visible (external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation) in education. The analyse section in the review, shows that teachers predomenantly, used motivation in different ways. External motivation been visibility the most in physical education class, than in lecture in math. The results have proved that all the types of external motivation were visible.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur millennials inom servicebranschen upplever att ledarskap har betydelse för arbetsmotivationen. Vi vill med vår forskning förmedla vad som kan vara lönsamt för ledare att ha kunskap om gällande arbetsmotivation för att minska personalomsättning i organisationer. Studien utgår ifrån motivationsteorin Self Determination Theory och ledarskapsstilarna demokratisk-, auktoritärt och Laissez-faire ledarskap. Studien har baserats på nio intervjuer. För att analysera materialet har en tematisk analysmetod tillämpats och studien har haft en deduktiv utgångspunkt.  Studiens resultat visade att ledare har en positiv betydelse för arbetsmotivationen genom att vara synliga, lyhörda, stöttade och uppmärksamma. Motivationen främjas genom att först uppfylla de inre motivationsfaktorerna för att sedan förstärkas med hjälp av yttre motivationsfaktorer. Ledarens negativa betydelse för arbetsmotivationen uppstår främst när det inte längre finns någon möjlighet till utveckling på arbetsplatsen. Den fördragna ledarskapsstilen är ett demokratiskt ledarskap. / The purpose of this study was to examine how millennials within the service industry experience leadership and its significance on workplace motivation and engagement. With our research we will share knowledge that has shown beneficial for leaders to apply regarding their employee’s drive to work, thus lowering turnover of personnel for the organization. The study takes its starting point from the motivational theory Self Determination Theory and the different leadership styles: democratic, authoritative, and Laissez-faire leadership. This study is based on nine separate interviews. To analyze the material, a thematic analysis method has been applied and the with a deductive starting point.  The results show that leaders have a positive impact on employees’ willingness and drive to work by being visible, supportive, and attentive. The motivation firstly stems from an inner self-motivational drive, and later gets enforced from outer motivational factors. A leader’s negative impact on employees drive to work arises when there no longer is a possibility for growth within the organization. The preferred method of leadership was the democratic style leadership.

Sedentary behavior has been shown to lead to overweight and obesity, which are risk factors for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular heart diseases (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two constructs have been used to attempt to enhance motivation in order to promote long-term physical activity behavior change: self-efficacy (from Self-Efficacy Theory) and competence (from Self-Determination Theory). Though these constructs are from two different theories and purportedly measure two different concepts, they have been used interchangeably in physical activity research. This project examined similarities and differences in the theoretical explanations of self-efficacy and competence. Participants were college students ages 18 to 53 (n = 194, 65.8% female) who were randomized to one of two intervention groups (competence vs. self-efficacy) or an attention control group, with an overall attrition rate of 0.6%. Repeated measures ANCOVAs controlling for strenuous exercise and BMI showed no within groups or between-groups differences in competence or self-efficacy. Measures of competence and self-efficacy were strongly correlated (r = .74). Further inspection showed both measures were tapping into a third variable: confidence. Additionally complicating the findings is documented evidence of college students over-reporting high confidence levels. Recommendations include incorporating items measuring growing mastery into competence scales and examining this same question for older sedentary adults.

No description available.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om normer och motivation kan upplevas ha inverkan på kontraproduktivt arbetsbeteende inom miljöarbete. Den idag vedertagna benämningen miljöarbete har tidigare omfattats av olika typer av renhållningsarbete. Respondenterna, som arbetade på olika anläggningar runt om i Sverige, valdes ut efter att de själva anmält intresse att delta i studien. Studien bestod av en induktiv och kvalitativ forskningsprocess och genomfördes med hjälp av telefonintervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att individens motivationsnivå kan upplevas ha inverkan på dennes benägenhet att agera utifrån ett kontraproduktivt beteende. Likaså kan normer upplevas bidra till kontraproduktivt beteende. Utifrån respondenternas redogörelser upplevs inre motivationsfaktorer ha essentiell betydelse i frågan om benägenheten att uppvisa kontraproduktivt arbetsbeteende på organisationen. / The purpose of the study was to investigate whether norms and motivation can be perceived as having an impact on counterproductive work behaviour among environmental workers. The term environmental workers comprise different types of cleaning workers. The respondents were chosen after they themselves declared an interest in participating in the study. The following study consisted of an inductive and qualitative research process and were conducted with the help of telephone interviews. The interviews were analysed through a thematic analysis. The result showed that the individual's level of motivation can be perceived to have an influence on the individual tendency to act on the basis of counter-productive behaviour. Similarly, norms can be perceived as support for counter-productive behaviour. Based on the respondents' statements, internal motivation factors are considered to be of crucial importance in the question of the tendency regarding counterproductive work behaviour among environmental workers.