Sweden has gone from an agricultural society to an industrial society which may lead to a less self-sufficient country. The concept of self-sufficiency has been a way to narrate how dependent a country is of the import to provide the population with enough food. The Swedish society is not only dependent of import of food but also import of fuel, chemical fertilizers, seeds and spare parts to various agricultural machineries. This study will investigate how agricultural area and enterprises and energy supply per person in Sweden have changed during 1970 to 2020. The results show an overall decrease of agricultural land with 16 percent and especially a decrease is found among smaller scale agricultural enterprises. In contradiction an increase is seen of large agricultural companies with 200 percent during this time period. The energy supply per person has decreased and after taking export into account the change is from 114 percent self -sufficiency 1970 to a 48 percent self-sufficiency during 2020. In conclusion; reduced arable land, decreasing agricultural enterprises and a lower degree of self-sufficiency makes Sweden more dependent on commercial agreements and more vulnerable for trade restrictions. Trade restrictions regarding goods to the agriculture industry could lead to food shortage in the country.

Efforts to meet the needs of poverty stricken Americans have resulted in the passage of numerous federal and state policies. Current Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policy emphasizes sharing the responsibility for meeting citizens’ needs through partnerships with those in poverty. Such reforms challenge local administrators to define and assess the terms of welfare policy reform success. This study’s adaptation of the theory of positionality examines how position in public organizations can inform employees’ views of welfare policy performances. Specifically, it seeks to determine if the type of administrative responsibility and interaction (positionality) with citizens leads to differing views of performance policy success, needed policy reforms, and varying views on the importance of including welfare clients in welfare policy reform discussions, development and evaluation. The study finds that current TANF policy is effective at meeting clients’ needs, but administrators differ in how they define and apply self-sufficiency, and they are not supportive of involving clients in the administration of welfare policies.

No description available.

Pour Platon, le monde et l'homme bon sont tous deux dans cette situation de n'avoir d'autre ami que soi-même. L'"autarkeia", définie comme auto-suffisance est un idéal dans la philosophie grecque, chez Socrate par exemple, et pour Xénophon et Aristote. Platon en propose toutefois un traitement original : quasiment absent des textes, le concept d'"autarkeia" structure l'ensemble de la philosophie de Platon. L'enjeu principal est de déterminer si l'autarcie peut être définie comme relative, ou si elle ne peut conserver un sens qu'en étant absolue. Le sens de l'autarcie pose problème pour l'homme bon -le philosophe, pour l'homme dans la cité, pour le monde et pour les Formes. L'"autarkeia" met en évidence la tension entre le rapport au désir (qui présuppose le manque), et l'exigence de fonder la philosophie et la dialectique, sur un principe (anhypothétique, c'est-à-dire auto-suffisant). C'est toutefois le sens absolu de l'autarcie qui rend possible une métaphysique : l’autarcie apparaît donc comme une condition du discours philosophique. / According to Plato, the world and the good man share this way of being : having no friend but themselves. Autàrkeia, or self-sufficiency, is an ideal for Greek philosophers, for Socrates for example, and according to Xenophon or Aristotle. However, Plato deals with autârkeia in an original way : autârkeia can be considered as a guideline for Plato 's philosophy, while the concept is almost missing in the texts. Can self-sufficiency be defined as relative? Or would il be merely be absolute, as the only possible meaning. The problem needs to be examined for the good man -the philosopher-, for citizens, the world and Forms. Autârkeia highlights the contradiction between desire (which presupposes lack), and the necessity to ground philosophy (and dialectic) on a principle (an "anhypothetic" one, which means: self-sufficient). Yet, metaphysics is grounded on the absolute meaning of autàrkeia: self-sufficiency is therefore a main condition of philosophical logos.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-14T17:50:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Everton de Jesus Silva.pdf: 1131282 bytes, checksum: e3ce430e9429df1849896da190eb904a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T17:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Everton de Jesus Silva.pdf: 1131282 bytes, checksum: e3ce430e9429df1849896da190eb904a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / The aim of this dissertation is to investigate eudaimony from the work Nicomachean Ethics, searching to investigate what would have led Aristotle to identify the greatest good attainable by man with happiness. We try to demonstrate that happiness represents, for Aristotle, a self-sufficient good, sought by itself and not by any other thing. It is a dominant good, that is, the good for excellence, not the openness to the covering of other goods. Otherwise, the search for a happy life would be endless and never fully realized. We also find that happiness shouldn?t be understood as permanently secured possession, because even a considered happy man to be happy will have no guarantee that he will have his happiness permanently secured, because eudaimony should be understood as an activity that requires an active life. In Book X of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle presents two types of eudaimony, one that occurs in the contemplative plane and the other one that is realized through the ethical virtues. Happiness on the contemplative plane is considered the most perfect and the most self-sufficient, allowing man to realize that which is most divine in himself, which is reason, whereas happiness provided by the ethical virtues can only enable man human happiness, hence the Aristotelian assertion that it is a kind of secondary happiness. / O objetivo desta disserta??o ? fazer uma investiga??o sobre a eudaimonia a partir da obra ?tica a Nic?maco, procurando investigar o que teria levado Arist?teles a identificar o maior bem ating?vel pelo homem com a felicidade. Procuramos demonstrar que a felicidade representa, para Arist?teles, um bem autossuficiente, buscado por si mesmo e n?o em fun??o de outra coisa. Ela ? um bem dominante, isto ?, o bem por excel?ncia e n?o a abertura para o abarcamento de outros bens. De outro modo, a busca por uma vida feliz seria algo intermin?vel e jamais se daria plenamente. Verificamos ainda que a felicidade n?o deve ser entendida como uma posse permanentemente assegurada, isso porque mesmo um homem considerado feliz n?o possuir? nenhuma garantia de que ter? sua felicidade segura de maneira permanente, porque a eudaimonia dever? ser compreendida como uma atividade que requer uma vida ativa. No livro X da ?tica a Nic?maco, Arist?teles apresenta dois tipos de eudaimonia, uma que se d? no plano contemplativo e a outra que se realiza atrav?s das virtudes ?ticas. A felicidade que se d? no plano contemplativo ? considerada a mais perfeita e a mais autossuficiente, permitindo ao homem realizar o que existe de mais divino em si, que ? a raz?o, enquanto que a felicidade proporcionada pelas virtudes ?ticas s? pode possibilitar ao homem uma felicidade tipicamente humana, da? a afirma??o aristot?lica de ser ela um tipo de felicidade secund?ria.

This dissertation examines Carla Emery's The Encyclopedia of Country Living and her contribution to the modern homesteading movement. Emery (1939-2005) advocated the use of traditional methods and antique cookbooks for food self-sufficiency. She first self published and distributed the book in "issues" (1971), which were eventually combined and sold as a single book, originally named The Old Fashioned Recipe Book (1974). A reading community developed around The Encyclopedia and readers participated in its development by submitting recipes and homesteading resources. Several editions have followed and the book remains in print, considered an authoritative reference for modern homesteading. Modern homesteading is rooted in the traditions of homesteading and domestic advice. It represents a consciousness of human relationships with the land for food production and the role domestic advice in cooking and other aspects of home economics, Emery recommended a country living foodways and 19th century methods of food production for homesteading, attempting to de-industrialize the kitchen. Emery represents an important and persistent cultural interest in going back-to-the-land. Modern homesteading practices also provide possible responses to contemporary post-industrial concerns including consumer culture, food insecurity, and the environment.

This bachelor thesis examines to what extent a co-create community called Bobyggetin Herrljunga, Sweden, can be food self-sufficient. To obtain a more comprehensiveresult, the difference between a vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet, as well as howtime spent on farming and available cultivation area affects the outcome, are studied.Moreover, difficulties regarding food self-sufficiency are brought up and discussed.Linear programming is used to maximise the amount of calories obtained fromfarming at Bobygget. The result shows that the degree of self-sufficiency at Bobyggetreaches 21% with vegetarian food, and 27% with non-vegetarian food. With thepreconditions regarding the available area of Bobygget, the maximum work time peradult is 9 min per day for vegetarian food, and 13 min per day for non-vegetarianfood. Difficulties concerning self-sufficiency, including time consumption and basicfarming knowledge, are identified. Possible solutions, such as starting modestly withfew crops and small area, consider contract farming, and create a knowledge base forBobygget, are presented.

The Pilot Work Requirement (PWR) for the Housing Authority of San Bernardino is a mandated welfare to work program that was implemented with the goal of promoting self-sufficiency of its residents. Self-sufficiency is both economic and psychological. Participants in welfare-to-work programs view self-sufficiency as a process which includes empowerment, autonomy and confidence and not attainable without motivation. This study measured participant motivation in relation to the PWR program and how it correlates psychological self-sufficiency. The findings of this study suggest that PWR participants have accepted the mandate and have integrated the values of work, education and volunteerism, as their own. And that the PWR participants have psychological self-sufficiency. This study provides more insight about the psychological process of self-sufficiency as residents work towards achieving the goal of economic self-sufficiency.

Families living on welfare in low-income impoverished neighborhoods encounter multiple barriers that need mitigating before seeking work to reach self-sufficiency. Many welfare recipients' self-sufficiency barriers are unnoticeable to caseworkers due to lack of data sharing to assess clients' needs through information technology processes. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was to understand welfare recipients' viewpoints on socioeconomic barriers to living self-sufficiently and gain perspectives from human services caseworkers and technical resources on data sharing issues that impact recipients' ability to live independently from government assistance. Data collection and observational field notes resulted from in-depth interviews of 11 participants to capture welfare recipients' lived experience on human services barriers to achieve self-sufficiency, as well as, caseworker and technical resources views on welfare systems data sharing issues. The analysis of semistructured interviews revealed that welfare systems data sharing is an enhancement needed to help caseworkers identify and mitigate welfare recipients' self-sufficiency barriers. The common assessment framework model provided a contextual view to exploring research questions to elicit participants' perceptions of data sharing in welfare systems processes. The data analysis showed that the lack of data sharing impacts caseworkers' ability to assist recipients with self-sufficiency barriers. Results indicated the need for caseworkers to use data sharing to understand client's socioeconomic barriers and to make effective decisions to lead them to self-sufficiency. The impact on positive social change is using automated data sharing to identify and mitigate recipients' barriers to self-sufficiency.

<p>Den här studien undersöker ett integrationsprogram i Falköpings kommun i Sverige. Studien visar integrationsprogrammet ur en vetenskaplig synvinkel och undersöker hur framgångsrikt programmet är, baserat på programmets syfte, som är att öka självförsörjandegraden bland invandrare i Falköping. Syftet med denna studie är att om möjligt kunna förbättra och förändra det pedagogiska arbetet i integrationsprogrammet i Falköping, och därmed öka chansen till självförsörjning för deltagarna i integrationsprogrammet. Deltagarna i integrationsprogrammet har också gett sina synpunkter på de pedagogiska insatserna genom en enkätundersökning och några av deltagarna har också deltagit i personliga intervjuer. Resultatet av studien visar att kommunens måluppfyllelse är god. Enkätundersökningen och intervjuerna visar att deltagarna är nöjda med integrationsprogrammet och deltagarna ger förslag på förbättringar som kan leda till ökade möjligheter att bli självförsörjande.</p>