The research discusses mid-high level management of different service backgrounds from military hospitals of northern, central and southern Taiwan. By using questionnaires, we discuss four levels of consciousness, self-learning consciousness, learning organization, influence of group organization by building learning organizations and influence of group achievement by building learning organizations. The results reveal that the interviewers are mainly male, mid-high management, ranged from 31 to 50 years old, college-educated and have 11 to 20 years of job-related experiences. The overall interviewers are highly-educated and in stable profession situations, thus are qualified for highly concentration of knowledge and suitable for research. The results show that male, older, and having much education and more working experiences interviewers agree four levels of the questionnaires. This implies that individual, group and organization are the essence of building learning organizations and can affect the group achievement in military hospitals. Most interviewers are aware that self revolution shall fit the organizational learning, that all members shall challenge themselves to fulfill their ambitions and that learning by mistakes. In addition, under learning organization construction, the high level management can rebuild the role and function of leadership, emphasis on the interaction between the individuals and the organizations, and provide the opportunity to learn and create. Military hospitals also build the learning organization construction to fully fulfill the achievement of the organization. They also connect the learning and growing level and financial level, and extend to customer level to increase the level of customer satisfaction and productivity of employees, to decrease the turnover rate and to improve internal process by applying knowledge management. On the other hand, the research reveals that interviews that are young, fewer years of work experiences and working for Zuoying military hospitals have less identification of four levels in questionnaire. This implies that interviews are constrained by traditional self-learning model and knowledge management. This learning culture may not inspire the creation of the members and may have negative effect on organizational achievement. According to the above results, hospitals which build learning organization construction could improve the atmosphere of learning, increase the interaction between members and the society, and to build the concept of sharing. Eventually, members under learning organization construction may reach the same goal and increase the ability of competition.

Šiuolaikinė mokymosi paradigma pabrėžia savarankiško ir atsakingo mokinio mokymosi reikšmę. Savivaldaus mokymosi, kompetencijų ugdymo(si) svarba akcentuojama daugelyje Europos švietimo bei mūsų šalies mokymąsi reglamentuojančių dokumentų (Europos Tarybos išvadose „Parengti jaunimą XXIamžiui“ ir kt.). Savivaldus mokymasis ugdo mokinių gebėjimą valdyti savo mokymąsi, planuoti ir organizuoti mokymosi procesą, pažinti save kaip besimokantįjį, taikyti įvairias mokymosi mokytis strategijas, inovatyvias priemones (Kazlauskienė, Gaučaitė ir kt., 2013). Svarbus savivaldaus, savarankiško mokymosi įrankis - informacinės komunikacinės technologijos. Informacinės technologijos vis labiau įsilieja į mokymo ir mokymosi procesą, tampa neatsiejama jo dalimi, daro didelę įtaką informacinės visuomenės formavimuisi (Vilkonienė, 2006). Tyrimu siekta išsiaiškinti savarankiško geografijos mokymosi panaudojant IKT situaciją ir galimybes. Darbas parengtas naudojantis mokslinės informacijos šaltinių analize, švietimą reglamentuojančiais dokumentais, mokinių anketine apklausa, kiekybine tyrimo duomenų analize. Tyrimas vykdytas vienoje Panevėžio rajono gimnazijoje. Apklausoje dalyvavo 105 mokiniai, besimokantys 6 – 12 klasėse. / Independent learning as well as the importance of training the competency is emphasized in a number of European and Lithuania‘s education governing documents (European Council conclusions „Preparing young people for the twenty-first mentury“ and etc.). Independent learning develops pupils‘ ability to manage their own learning, to plan and organize the learning process, improves students‘ ability to get to know themselves as a learner, use a variety of learning to learning strategies, innovative practices (Kazlauskienė, Gaučaitė and the others, 2013). Information and communication technology is a very important tool for self-learning and independent learning. Teaching and learning process is increasingly influenced by information technologies which are becoming an integral part of the process and making a significant impact on the formation of the information society (Vilkonienė, 2006). The main goal of the research was to examine the situation and the opportunities of self learning in Geography using ICT . The thesis was supported through the scientific analysis of the sources of information, the governing documents of education, student questioning and a quantitative survey data analysis. The survey was conducted in a gymnasium in Panevezys district. The survey involved 105 pupils from 6 to 12 class.

Στη παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία παρουσιάζεται η ανάπτυξη κώδικα σε γλώσσα προγραμματισμού Python με σκοπό να παίζει το παιχνίδι Bluff. Αναλυτικότερα το Bluff ανήκει στη κατηγορία των παιχνιδιών μερικούς πληροφόρησης και εκδοχές του περιλαμβάνουν το στοιχείο της τύχης άρα είναι και στοχαστικό. Στην ίδια κατηγορία παιχνιδιών εντάσεται και το πόκερ στο οποίο διεξάγεται εντονη ερευνητική δραστηριότητα αυτή τη περίοδο. Οι δυσκολίες που παρουσιάζει το εγχείρημα της κατασκευης ενός τέτοιου αλγόριθμου εγκειται στο μεγάλο χώρο καταστασης του παιχνιδιού και στην αδυναμια εφαρμογης της τεχνικής min max λόγω της δομής του παιχνιδιού. Επίσης ενας επιτυχημένος παίχτης bluff θα πρέπει να αναγνωρίζει ποτε ο αντίπαλος μπλοφάρει καθώς και να μπλοφάρει ο ίδιος. Τέλος όπως και στο ποκερ για να γίνεις μετρ στο παιχνίδι θα πρέπει να μεταβάλεις τη στρατηγική σου ανάλογα με τον αντίπαλο, θα πρέπει να εκμεταλεύεσαι τα λάθη του και ταυτόχρονα να μη γίνεσαι προβλέψιμος. Ο κώδικας μας εχει 3 versions. Στη πρώτη version ενας απλος μηχανισμός που στηρίζεται στους κανονες του παιχνιδίου υλοποιείται και εξετάζεται η επιτυχια του. Στη δευτερη εκδοση εισαγουμε το στοιχειο της μπλόφας ενώ στη τρίτη αφου μοντελοποιήσουμε τον αντίπαλο, λαμβάνουμε αποφάσεις με βάση αυτη τη μοντελοποίηση. / This diploma thesis deals with the problem of developing an algorithm that can play the game of Bluff. The programming language that is used is Python. Concretely the game of bluff belongs into the category of partial information games and some variations involve luck which makes it also stochastic. Intense research is conducted in poker which belongs to the same family of games. The main difficulty is the huge state space of these games due to uncertainty and the deficit of the min-max method. In addition a succesfull bluff player must recognize when the opponent is bluffing and must make bluffs on his own. One last thing that this game requires is to have dynamic strategies which means being able to change your strategy according to the opponent in order to maximize your wining by exploiting his errors. The algorithm builded has 3 versions. The first one simulated a beginner that sticks to the rules, makes no bluffs and raises according to probabilities. The second version introduces bluffing. The final version includes opponent modeling and making decision based on that.

An implementation of the Electric Field Approach applied to the simulated RoboCup is presented, together with a demonstration of a learning system. Results are presented from the optimization of the Electric Field parameters in a limited situation, using the learning system. Learning techniques used in contemporary RoboCup research are also described including a brief presentation of their results.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Physics / Talat S. Rahman / This dissertation is an extensive study of several issues related to post deposition morphological evolution of fcc metal surfaces. These studies were carried out by probing the energetics and the dynamics of underlying atomistic mechanisms responsible for surface diffusion. An important aspect is the determination of relative probability of competing atomistic mechanisms and their contribution to controlling shapes and step edge patterns of nano structures on surfaces. In this scenario, the descent of adatoms from Ag islands on Ag(111) surface is examined. It shows an exchange mechanism to dominate over hopping and the process to favor the formation of (100)-microfacetted steps (A-type) over the (111)-microfacetted ones (B-type). Molecular dynamics simulations support these results at low temperature while at high temperature B-type step formation dominates. This change in the trend could happen if these processes leading to the formation of the A and B type steps have different values of their diffusion prefactors. This difference is confirmed on the basis of our calculations of the diffusion coefficients. Further, to understand the macroscopic properties of a system on the basis of its atomic scale information, spatial and temporal fluctuations of step edges on vicinal Cu(1 1 13) and Cu(1 1 19) surfaces is studied using kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. These results show excellent agreement with experimental data, highlighting the role of mass transport along step edges, and also showing the validity of tools like KMC which aims at bridging the gap in length and time scales at which a range of interesting phenomena take place. To facilitate unbiased modeling of material properties, a novel way of performing KMC simulations is presented. In this approach the lists of diffusion processes are automatically collected during the simulation using a saddle-point search method in the potential energy landscape. The speed of the simulations is thus enhanced along with a substantial gain in reliability. Using this method the diffusion and coalescence of two-dimensional Cu and Ag adatom-island on Cu(111) and Ag(111) is studied. Together with input from molecular dynamics simulations, new processes involving the concerted motion of smaller islands are revealed. A significant difference in the scaling of the effective diffusion barriers with island size is observed for the sets of smaller (less than 10 atoms) and larger islands. In particular, the presence of concerted island motion leads to an almost linear increase in the effective diffusion barrier with size, while its absence accounts for strong size-dependent oscillations and anomalous behavior for trimers and heptamers. A crossover from diffusion due to the collective motion of the smaller island to a regime in which the island diffuses through the periphery dominated mass transport (large islands, 19 to 100 atoms) is predicted. For islands containing 19 to 100 atoms the scaling exponent is found to be in good agreement with that found in previous studies.

Este estudio pretende orientar sobre el proceso de decisión de compra de cursos e-learning, y sobre la evolución del uso de nuevas plataformas para el aprendizaje cotidiano. En el ámbito educativo, la llegada de internet permitió la consiguiente aparición de diversas plataformas virtuales que permiten al alumno estar conectado cada vez más con el mundo digital y el autoaprendizaje, propiciando la generación de nuevos mercados y metodologías de enseñanza, una de ellas los cursos e-learning que cada vez se encuentran más presentes en la oferta estudiantil. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si las acciones de comunicación de la promoción online influyen en el proceso de decisión de compra de cursos e-learning. Es muy importante identificar qué es lo que lleva a una persona a decidir realizar la compra de los cursos, que los motiva, y por qué los adquieren. / This study aims to guide the process of purchasing E-learning courses, and on the evolution of the use of new platforms for day learning. In the educational field, the arrival of the Internet, the evolution of the various virtual platforms that allow the student to be increasingly connected to the digital world and self-learning, fostering the generation of new markets and teaching methodologies, one of them courses E-learning that are increasingly present in the student offer. The objective of this study is to determine whether the communication actions of the online promotion influence the process of purchasing E-learning courses. It is very important to identify what leads a person to decide to make the purchase of the courses, that motivates them, and why they acquire them. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

Many automotive safety applications in modern cars make use of cameras and object detection to analyze the surrounding environment. Pedestrians, animals and other vehicles can be detected and safety actions can be taken before dangerous situations arise. To detect occurrences of the different objects, these systems are traditionally trained to learn a classification model using a set of images that carry labels corresponding to their content. To obtain high performance with a variety of object appearances, the required amount of data is very large. Acquiring unlabeled images is easy, while the manual work of labeling is both time-consuming and costly. Semi-supervised learning refers to methods that utilize both labeled and unlabeled data, a situation that is highly desirable if it can lead to improved accuracy and at the same time alleviate the demand of labeled data. This has been an active area of research in the last few decades, but few studies have investigated the performance of these algorithms in larger systems. In this thesis, we investigate if and how semi-supervised learning can be used in a large-scale pedestrian detection system. With the area of application being automotive safety, where real-time performance is of high importance, the work is focused around boosting classifiers. Results are presented on a few publicly available UCI data sets and on a large data set for pedestrian detection captured in real-life traffic situations. By evaluating the algorithms on the pedestrian data set, we add the complexity of data set size, a large variety of object appearances and high input dimension. It is possible to find situations in low dimensions where an additional set of unlabeled data can be used successfully to improve a classification model, but the results show that it is hard to efficiently utilize semi-supervised learning in large-scale object detection systems. The results are hard to scale to large data sets of higher dimensions as pair-wise computations are of high complexity and proper similarity measures are hard to find.

Submitted by HERALDO VERIDIANO DOS SANTOS null (heraldoguitar@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-22T17:06:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO DE MESTRADO - HERALDO PAARMANN - VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 4220163 bytes, checksum: 7ef6883b01524af17741f5353fcd9cd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-23T20:00:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_hv_me_ia.pdf: 4220163 bytes, checksum: 7ef6883b01524af17741f5353fcd9cd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T20:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_hv_me_ia.pdf: 4220163 bytes, checksum: 7ef6883b01524af17741f5353fcd9cd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O autoaprendizado de música é uma prática comum entre jovens que desenvolvem processos personalizados de construção de conhecimento a partir dos seus interesses musicais. Por meio desses processos alcançam seus objetivos imediatos, o que torna essa forma de aprendizado uma opção tentadora. A guitarra elétrica é um instrumento frequentemente sujeito ao autoaprendizado. Para validar essa assertiva, apresento ao leitor nove jovens autoaprendizes de guitarra, que participam desta pesquisa qualitativa, um estudo de caso múltiplo. Observa-se que, nos últimos quinze anos, muito se investigou acerca de como esses processos são vividos pelos autoaprendizes, produzindo, inclusive, uma legitimação das práticas de aprendizado informais na música popular. Porém pouca atenção foi dada para as dificuldades que surgem no decorrer dessa trajetória e à consequente motivação por uma orientação musical de professores, seja presencialmente ou à distância. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta investigação é compreender por que alguns jovens autoaprendizes desejam uma orientação musical. Para ter êxito nesse processo investigativo, foi feito um levantamento de dados no meio digital, por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, realizadas por videoconferência, criação de grupo de discussão no Facebook da pesquisa, observação e análise de vídeos dos jovens guitarristas postados no Youtube e registro em um caderno de pesquisa. Para análise e interpretação dos dados, recorri ao conceito de Aprendizagem Autodirecionada (Self-Directed Learning - SDL), inicialmente estruturado pelo educador americano Malcom Knowles. Este conceito foi adaptado para o contexto de aprendizagem musical a partir do modelo tridimensional SDL criado por Liyan Song e Janette R. Hill, que originalmente desenvolveram-no para a investigação do aprendizado em ambiente on-line. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que todos os jovens alcançaram limites temporários no autoaprendizado e buscaram orientação musical. Mas, um perfil singular de aprendiz foi identificado, caracterizado pela alternância e simultaneidade entre a autoaprendizagem e a orientação. Este perfil indica que os jovens participantes da pesquisa estão, quer em uma situação ou outra, autodirecionando seu aprendizado. As implicações desta pesquisa para a Educação Musical estão voltadas para que professores de música reflitam a respeito de suas metodologias de ensino, aperfeiçoando-as para um melhor atendimento a este tipo de aprendiz. / Music self-directed learning is a common practice among young people who develop custom processes to build knowledge from their musical interests. Through these processes they reach their immediate goal which makes this form of learning a tempting option. The electric guitar can be considered one of the instruments that could lead to a self-learning. To validate this assertion, I present the reader nine young guitar self-learners who participated in this qualitative research, a multiple study case. It is observed that, in the last fifteen years, plenty of investigations have been made regarding to how these processes are experienced by self-learners, but little attention has been given to the difficulties that emerge in the course of this path and a consequent motivation for a musical orientation. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand why some young self-learners seek for musical orientation. To succeed in this investigative process, data collection was made in the digital environment, through semi-structured individual interviews conducted by videoconference, debate groups on Facebook, observation and analysis of the young guitarists’ videos posted on Youtube, and records in a fieldnotes. For the data analysis and interpretation, I resorted to the concept of Self-directed Learning (SDL), initially structured by the American educator Malcolm Knowles. This concept was adapted for the context of musical learning from the SDL three-dimensional model created by Liyan Song and Janette R. Hill that originally developed it to the investigation of the online learning environment. The results of this research have shown that all young people have achieved temporary limits in self-learning and sought for musical orientation. But a singular apprentice profile was identified, characterized by the interchange and simultaneity between self-learning and orientation. This profile indicates that the young participants of the research, either in one situation or in the other, are self-directing their learning. The implications of this research for music education are aimed for music teacher to reflect about their teaching methodologies, optimizing them for a better orientation to this kind of learner.

Résumé : Cette recherche aborde la problématique de la relation à la formation dans un processus d’autoformation en ligne. Elle pose la question du rapport au pouvoir dans ce type de situation d’apprentissage. La médiation pédagogique humaine et la médiatisation technologique y sont au centre des préoccupations. Il s’agit d’aborder, au travers de la conception même des instruments d’investigation, les concepts: de contrôle, d’autodirection, d’autonomie, d’efficacité, de compétence, d’autodétermination en relation avec la notion de motif d’engagement. Les dispositions et les prédispositions liées à l'autoformation sont également observées. On se propose de comprendre les orientations motivationnelles et les motifs qui éclairent l’engagement au regard de la perception de soi dans un contexte d’autoformation. Nos réflexions portent également sur le concept d'alterdidaxie par opposition aux démarches autodidactes dans un contexte d'autoformation./ Summary: This research approaches the problems in relation to training in the process of e-learning. It raises the question of the self-directed learning’s power in this type of training situation. The human teaching mediation and the technological mediatization are both in the center of the concerns. This research is an approach, through the design even of instruments of investigation, to the concepts : control, autodirection, autonomy, effectiveness, competence, self-determination in relation with the engagement. Competences and readiness scales related to the adults’ self-training are also observed. One proposes to observe motivational directions and the engagement’s reasons in relation with the perception of oneself as self-directed learners in a context of self-training. Our reflections also relate to the concept of Alterdidacticism in opposition to the self-educated steps, to the Autodidacticism in a context of adults’ self-training.