Den allmänna dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) som börjar gälla 25 maj 2018 ställer skärpta krav på hur företag hanterar personuppgifter. Dessa krav är dock till stor del otydliga hur de ska uppnås praktiskt. Genom att med kvalitativa intervjuer studera hur ett småföretag har arbetat med att skapa förståelse för GDPR kan några av de strategier företag använder sig av när de står inför legislativa utmaningar kartläggas. Med utgångspunkt i Weicks sensemaking-teori och de sju aspekterna av meningsskapande har företagets narrativ kring GDPR analyserats. Resultatet visar på att svårigheterna med att tolka lagstiftningen bidrar till en konflikt mellan att vilja följa lagen exakt och att praktiskt kunna genomföra detta när det inte finns en definit tolkning att tillgå innan praxis har skapats på området.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur försäkringsbolag har, utifrån meningsskapandets sju egenskaper, arbetat med organisatoriskt meningsskapande vid en externt driven förändringsprocess med stort tolkningsutrymme. Studien utgår från att den nya dataskyddsförordningen GDPR, som börjar gälla inom EU den 25 maj 2018, används som ett instrument för att undersöka hur försäkringsbolag har arbetat med att skapa förståelse för en externt driven förändringsprocess med stort tolkningsutrymme. Hur den meningsskapande processen sett ut besvarades genom två intervjuer med totalt fyra respondenter på två olika försäkringsbolag inom samma bolagsgrupp. Detta analyserades sedan med hjälp av meningsskapandeteorins sju egenskaper: identitet, retrospektivt, medskapande, socialt, pågående, ledtrådar och rimlighet. Resultatet visar på att det i de två försäkringsbolagens förändringsprocess gick att identifiera aktiviteter som går att dra paralleller till var och en av meningsskapandets sju egenskaper och att vissa av de sju egenskaperna samverkar olika mycket med varandra.

Submitted by Sergio Seloti Jr (sergio.seloti@gmail.com) on 2015-04-14T17:59:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Versão Final.pdf: 1123578 bytes, checksum: 80cb51443450491aa055ea8c121495e4 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Sergio, Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho é necessário que você modifique alguns itens. Favor seguir as normas ABNT/APA. *A palavra DEDICATÓRIA deve ser centralizada e com letra maiúscula. ( texto deve estar no rodapé da pagina - direita) *A palavra AGRADECIMENTO deve ser centralizada e com letra maiúscula ( texto justificado ) *Epígrafe - não deve conter a palavra - ( texto deve estar no rodapé da pagina - direita ) *RESUMO E ABSTRACT deve ser centralizada e com letra maiúscula ( forma de Resumo e abstract diferente das normas ABNT/APA ) - deve consultar trabalhos postados na Biblioteca caso tenha dúvidas. *Numeração de Pagina, deve ser aparente a partir do índice de Ilustrações. Qualquer duvida estou a disposição. Att, Pâmela Tonsa. 3799-7852 on 2015-04-15T11:33:44Z (GMT) / Submitted by Sergio Seloti Jr (sergio.seloti@gmail.com) on 2015-04-15T15:05:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Versão Final.pdf: 1026793 bytes, checksum: 86eecef0f93867ccb8a83b79bc47156e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2015-04-15T16:03:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Versão Final.pdf: 1026793 bytes, checksum: 86eecef0f93867ccb8a83b79bc47156e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T16:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Versão Final.pdf: 1026793 bytes, checksum: 86eecef0f93867ccb8a83b79bc47156e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / This paper aims to understand the process of interpretation and reinterpretation that entrepreneurs attach to new business through the steps: scanning, interpretation and learning, as proposed by Daft and Weick (1984). Design/methodology/approach: From an interpretative perspective, this work made use of qualitative approaches. Narrative Analysis techniques, Antenarrative analysis and qualitative data analysis were made on interviews with 11 digital entrepreneurs at two different moments. Findings: Analyses suggest that entrepreneurs reframes their business over time, probably due to the project's success level. This research supports the proposition of Daft & Weick (1984) about the existence of a cyclical process of search, interpretation and action that would lead to a continuous reinterpretation. Implications: For entrepreneurs (practitioners), this work sheds light on the possibilities of narrative as resources to influence and spread of meanings (sensegiving). For academics, this work offers better conceptualization of the construct 'strategic artifact', and advance the consolidation of narrative analysis methods. Originality/Value: The value of this research takes place on strengthening the narrative analysis methods, and present a possible way to capture and study the ressignification elements. Furthermore, by proposing a framework of analysis and construction of entrepreneurial narrative, this work may help researchers and practioners. / Compreender o processo de significação e ressignificação que o empreendedor atribui ao novo negócio através das etapas de busca, percepção e interpretação propostas por Daft e Weick (1984) ao longo do tempo. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Sob uma perspectiva interpretativista, este trabalho se valeu de abordagens qualitativas. Foram utilizadas téc nicas de análise de narrativas, antenarrativas e análise de dados qualitativos sobre entrevistas realizadas com 11 empreendedores digitais em dois momentos diferentes. Descobertas: as análises sugerem que o empreendedor ressignifica seu negócio com o passar do tempo, provavelmente em função do nível de sucesso do empreendimento. Esta pesquisa corrobora a proposição de Daft & Weick (1984) acerca da existência de um processo cíclico de busca, interpretação e ação que levaria a um contínuo de ressignificações. Implicações da pesquisa: Para os empreendedores (practioners), este trabalho lança luz sobre as possibilidades de uso das narrativas como recursos para influência e disseminação de significados (sensegiving). Para acadêmicos, este trabalho oferece melhor conceituação do constructo ‘artefato estratégico’, além de avançar na consolidação dos métodos de análise de narrativas. Originalidade/Valor: O valor dessa pesquisa se dá em fortalecer os métodos de análise de narrativas, além de apresentar um possível caminho para capturar os elementos de ressignificação. Além disso, ao propor um framework de análise e construção de narrativas empreendedoras, este trabalho pode auxiliar pesquisadores e practioners

This thesis explores the phenomenon of leadership by senior public servants in Westminster system governments. Despite the important constitutional position held by senior public servants (SPS), we know relatively little about what they do day-to-day – in particular what their ‘leadership’ looks like, or how and why it occurs. To address this gap in knowledge, I use an inductive lens to study individual SPS leadership practices in response to strategic challenges they face, and the sensemaking pathways that lead them to engage in those practices. My approach in this study draws upon a critical realist application of the Gioia Methodology, a systematic approach to the development of new concepts designed to bring qualitative rigour into the process and presentation of inductive research (Gioia, Corley, Kevin and Hamilton, 2013). I examine SPS leadership and sensemaking in two sites of Westminster system government – New Zealand and Wales – and draw upon qualitative interview data to forge narratives and a conceptual model to explain how SPS leadership is accomplished. The findings reveal that SPS are not neutral, impartial bureaucrats, but are individuals whose identities and preferences shape their leadership on strategic challenges. Their preferences can align them to their minister’s agenda (agenda leadership), or lead them to try to alter an agenda, by engaging in practices to reframe the challenge and/or proposed government response (steward leadership). The model maps two distinct sensemaking pathways underpinning agenda and steward –leadership respectively, revealing how key extrinsic and intrinsic factors combine to shape each. The model, and its component freshly-instantiated concepts, afford new empirical evidence to the debate on the appropriate role of SPS in Westminster system governments, which to date has been dominated by theoretical and normative contributions. Drawing upon this new evidence, I argue that both agenda leadership and steward leadership by SPS are demanded to supplement the bounded leadership of elected ministers; and recommend updating socialisation, scrutiny and accountability routines to recognise the reality of SPS as independent, human sensemakers and leaders in government.

abstract: ABSTRACT This study examines the ways in which employees experience moral emotions that violate employee treatment and how employees co-construct moral emotions and subsequent expressions of dissent. This qualitative study consisted of 123 full-time employees and utilized open-coding, content analysis, constant comparison analysis, and concept mapping. The analysis revealed that employees expressed dissent laterally as a series of sensemaking processes, such as validation of feelings, moral assessments, and assessing the fear of moral transgressions. Employees also expressed dissent as a series of risk assessments that overlapped with the ways in which employees made sense of the perceived infraction. Employees' lateral dissent expression manifested as a form of social support which occasionally led to co-rumination. Employees expressed dissent upwardly when seeking a desired action or change. Circumvention was utilized as a direct reflection to the type and degree of moral transgression related to the person responsible for the mistreatment. Results indicated that experiencing moral emotions that led to expressing dissent with a designated audience was determined by where employees were situated in the cyclical model of communicating moral emotions and in relation to the co-construction of both the infraction related to employee mistreatment and the experience of moral emotions. Results contribute to the existing body of literature on dissent and emotions. A discussion synthesizing the findings and analysis is presented, in addition to the implications for future research. KEYWORDS: Emotion, Dissent, Moral Emotions, Sensemaking, Risk-Assessment, Social Support, Co-Rumination / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Communication Studies 2015

The aim of this research was to explore empirically how firms create and implement strategic decisions (SD’s). The research was inspired by the need to understand further organizational process underpinning SD’s phenomenon and potentially contribute to the overall performance of firms. Previous research on SD’s has been focusing on the formal strategic planning approaches, which have been criticized for their highly prescriptive views of SD’s, separating creation from implementation, and focusing on the content and discrete elements rather than the holistic process. Despite all these studies, our understanding of the actual nature of the SD phenomenon from creation to implementation remains incomplete. Motivated by the need to look empirically and holistically at this very complex social phenomenon, this research problematizes the above aspects of SD’s literature and positions this research within a wider social and descriptive process based approach. The research employed qualitative and Analytic Induction (AI) methodologies, and addressed the above need in three projects. The objective of each project has evolved and lead to the emergence of the final findings, which suggest a possible answer to the overall research aim. The Scoping Study proposed a theoretical framework of successful SD’s implementation factors. Project 1 went further and investigated these factors empirically. Project 2 developed empirically the process of how people actually create and implement SD’s. In Project 3, this process was analysed through the theoretical lens of the sensemaking perspective and was applied by practitioners through an empirically tested diagnostic tool. This research has made a step towards a better understanding of SD’s in practice and contributed to the academic knowledge by proposing a different, yet viable descriptive process, which can improve the overall quality of the SD’s, and potentially lead to better performance.

abstract: Implementation of large-scale initiatives within educational systems can present many challenges, particularly when the initiative is non-linear and relies on deep understanding rooted in a restorative mindset. This study examined implementation of restorative justice within one large, primarily urban school district in the United States. Through a mixed methods approach, data was collected from three personnel levels of the organization: district leadership, school leadership, and school staff members and applied a sensemaking framework to examine the flow of information and understanding within and among organizational levels. To accomplish this investigation, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. First, interview data was collected from district and school level leaders to inform supportive leadership actions and organizational structures and also to understand challenges that leaders faced when working to implement restorative justice within a district and across a school campus. Next, school staff members participated in a survey to provide deeper understanding regarding their confidence in implementing restorative justice practices, their perceptions of school and district level administrative support, and the alignment of their beliefs and actions with tenets of restorative justice. Finally, results were analyzed and compared across levels of the organization to provide a summary of findings and recommendations for ongoing and expanded implementation at the school at the focus of the study and across other schools within the district. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Leadership and Innovation 2020

Thesis advisor: Martin Scanlan / This qualitative case study of a medium-sized Massachusetts school district was part of a larger study exploring how educators throughout a school district make sense of and enact culturally responsive practice (CRP). This individual study focused on how school leaders and teachers incorporated their understanding of CRP into the supervision and evaluation process. Despite a growing body of literature on the effectiveness of educator evaluation standards on teacher practice, there is little on how these tools increase teachers’ capacity to support the learning of historically marginalized students. Specifically, this research asks two questions: (1) How do teachers and school leaders understand CRP? (2) How does the supervision and evaluation process contribute to a shared understanding of CRP for teachers and school leaders? Data were collected from 22 semi-structured interviews of school leaders and teachers, document review, and an online survey. Incorporating a cognitive framework for policy implementation, findings revealed that school leaders and teachers understand CRP through their own identities and life experiences and through their interpretation of the district’s professional environment. Findings further noted that the lack of a shared definition of CRP in the district contributed to inconsistent application and prioritization of CRP in the supervision and evaluation process. Without a shared understanding, educators often pivoted to other district initiatives to describe CRP. Implications include the need to establish a system of reflection and practice for educators to explore the beliefs they hold about historically marginalized students and how those beliefs inform practice. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Meningsskapande är ett forskningsområde som många forskare inom organisationsstudier har kommit att intressera sig för. Ett annat vanligt förekommande forskningsområde är hållbarhet. Hållbarhet är även något som många företag har blivit intresserade av att fokusera på. Dock finns det inte mycket tidigare forskning om meningsskapande kring hållbarhet i organisationer. Vi ville därför, genom en kvalitativ studie, öka förståelsen för det meningsskapande som sker kring hållbarhetsarbete i företag. Denna studie studerar hållbarhet i ett sammanhang av förändring för att se det meningsskapande som då sker. Detta resulterar i uppsatsens fokus; vad skapas det för mening kring hållbarhet och hur skapas den. För att möjliggöra denna studie har vi intervjuat åtta medarbetare och hållbarhetschefen på Staples. Hållbarhetschefen presenterade i sin intervju hur arbetet kring hållbarhet ser ut och vad Staples har för mål och visioner kring det. I de intervjuer som genomfördes med medarbetare fick de öppet prata och resonera kring hur de själva upplevde och förstod hållbarhetsarbetet. Efter en tolkning utifrån de nio respondenterna kunde vi finna att den etablerade förståelsen för hållbarhetsarbetet på Staples skiljde sig åt mellan medarbetarna. Vissa upplevde att det var svårtolkat, medan andra upplevde det som klart och tydligt. / Sensemaking is a research area that many researchers in organization studies have found interest in. Another common area for research is sustainability. Sustainability is also a subject that many companies have become interested in. However, there is not much previous research on sensemaking about sustainability in organizations. Therefore, we wanted to with a qualitative study increase the understanding of the sensemaking that occurs around sustainability in companies. This study studies sustainability in a context of change to see the meaning that is created. This results in the focus of the study; what kind of meaning is created about sustainability and how is it created. To enable this study, we have interviewed eight employees and the sustainability manager at Staples. In the interview with the sustainability manager, she presented the work that Staples does around sustainability and their goals and visions around it. In the interviews that were carried out with the employees, they talked openly about how they understood and experienced the sustainability work. After an interpretation, based on the nine respondents, we were able to find that the understanding of Staples’ sustainability work was differentiated between the employees. Some of them thought it was difficult to interpret, while others saw it as obvious and clearly.

In Kiruna, a city transformation is taking place as a result of the mining company LKAB's iron ore mining. As the mining goes deeper, the city is affected above ground. The central parts of the city and 33% of the population will, according to the prognosis, be directly affected by the forthcoming urban transformation. The aim of the study is to reach an increased understanding of how individuals who are affected in different ways by urban transformation experience and create meaning in a new situation. The study also aims to investigate whether power dimensions have an impact on sensemaking and how it manifests itself. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate whether it is possible to find any common opinions in the creation of meaning despite the different individual backgrounds and experiences. The study’s results are based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with individuals who are in some way affected by urban transformation. The theoretical framework of the study is based primarily on Weick's theory of sensemaking and then supplemented by a perspective of power since there is a lack of this in Weick's theory usually ignores it. The study also takes into account Gidden's concept of trust and ontological security to be used in the analysis of the study's results. The results of the study show that there are a number of factors that affect an individual's sensemaking. Some of the factors that are important for sensemaking are access to information, the possibility of participation and power in relation to the sense of control. / I Kiruna sker en stadsomvandling till följd av gruvföretaget LKABs malmbrytning. En malmkropp lutar in under staden och i takt med att brytningen går djupare påverkas staden ovan jord. Stadens centrala delar och 33 procent av befolkningen kommer enligt prognosen direkt påverkas av den kommande stadsomvandlingen. Syftet med studien är att nå en ökad förståelse för hur individer som på olika sätt berörs av stadsomvandlingen upplever och skapar mening i en för dem ny situation. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om maktdimensioner har någon inverkan på meningsskapande och hur det i så fall yttrar sig. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om det går att finna några gemensamma uppfattningar i meningsskapandet trots individernas olika upplevelser och erfarenheter. Studiens resultat baseras på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med individer som på något sätt påverkas av stadsomvandlingen. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår främst från Weicks teori om meningsskapande och kompletteras med ett maktperspektiv då teorin vanligtvis bortser från det. Studien tar också hänsyn till Giddens begrepp tillit och ontologisk trygghet vilka används för att analysera studiens resultat. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns ett antal omständigheter som påverkar en individs meningsskapande. Några av omständigheterna som har betydelse för meningsskapandet är tillgången till information, möjligheten till delaktighet samt makt i relation till känslan av kontroll.