Este trabalho propõe uma leitura dos aspectos estruturais de narração, construção de personagens e enredo a partir de uma perspectiva que os considera como dados essenciais para aquilo que Rancière (2004) chamou de política da literatura. Os textos escolhidos, A hora e a vez de Augusto Matraga, de Sagarana, e Buriti, de Corpo de baile, foram considerados dentro de uma tradição brasileira da fala sobre um outro cultural, presente desde os românticos até os modernos. Tentou-se compreender como as inovações estruturais principalmente a reformulação do discurso indireto livre podem ser lidas como mais ou menos democráticas, a partir de uma reflexão sobre a partilha do sensível (Rancière, 2005) e a letra muda (Rancière, 2004). / This dissertation proposes a study of the structural aspects of narration, character and plot through a perspective that considers them as essential for what Rancière (2004) called politics of literature. The texts chosen, A hora e a vez de Augusto Matraga, from Sagarana and Buriti, from Corpo de baile, were read within a Brazilian literary tradition of speaking about a cultural other, present from romantic to modern writings. The research tried to understand how structural innovations specially the rebuilding of the free indirect speech (discurso indireto livre) may be read as more or less democratic considering the concepts of partition of the sensible (RANCIÈRE, 2005) and the mute letter (RANCIÈRE, 2004).

Au cours des dernières années, l’imagerie médicale est devenue l’une des techniques les plus puissantes dans le domaine du diagnostic médical et des recherches biomédicales. Avec le développement de l’imagerie moléculaire, les sondes sensibles permettant l’imagerie multimodale des événements moléculaires sont alors nécessaires.Dans ce travail, nous présentons la conception et la synthèse des complexes de lanthanides dans le but de développer des agents de contraste intelligents pour la détection de l’activité enzymatique par IRM (T1/CEST) et l’imagerie optique. Les complexes conçus s’articulent autour d’un chélate de lanthanide macrocyclique joint avec une amino pyridine qui est liée à un déclencheur enzymatique sensible (e.g. galactoside) par un espaceur auto-immolatif. Celui-ci est censé modifier temporairement, en fonction de la présence d’enzyme, les propriétés magnétiques et photo-physiques du complexe. Le concept a été validé sur un composé modèle sans déclencheur. Bien qu’aucune différence de relaxation n’ait été observée entre les modèles de forme enzymatique activée et non-activée qui empêche l’utilisation de T1-IRM, des effets ParaCEST différents dépendant du lanthanide, ont été observé. En outre, un effet CEST inconnu a été affecté à la fonction carbamate. Des études photo-physiques préliminaires ont montré également des propriétés différentes des deux formes et ont confirmé le potentiel de ces complexes comme agents de contraste enzymatiques sensibles bimodals. La synthèse de la sonde enzymatique sensible a été tenté par trois voies différentes et a finalement été effectué dans un processus de treize étape qui restait à être optimisé. Une étude sur la relation ‘structure-activité’ a été lancée avec la synthèse des isomères de position sur la pyridine du composé modèle / Over the last decade, medical imaging has evolved into one of the most powerful technique in diagnostic clinical medicine and biomedical researches. With the development of molecular imaging responsive probes allowing multimodal imaging of molecular events are then required.In this work, we present the design and the synthesis of lanthanide complexes with the aim of developing smart contrast agents for the detection of enzyme activity by MRI (T1 / CEST) and Optical Imaging. The designed complexes are built around a macrocyclic lanthanide chelate appended with an amino pyridine which is linked to an enzyme-sensitive trigger (e.g. galactoside) via a self-immolative linker. The latter is supposed to modify temporarily and in an enzyme dependent way the magnetic and photo-physical properties of the complex. The concept was first validated on a model compound without trigger. Although no difference of relaxivity was observed between models of the enzyme-activated and non-activated forms precluding the use in T1-MRI, different paraCEST effects were observed and found dependent on the lanthanide. Moreover, a previously unknown CEST effect was assigned to a carbamate function. Preliminary photo-physical studies showed also a different behavior of the two forms and confirmed the potentiality of these complexes as enzyme responsive bimodal contrast agent. The synthesis of the enzyme-responsive probe has been attempted by three different pathways and was finally achieved in a thirteen-step process which remained to be optimized. A “structure activity” relationship study has been initiated with the synthesis of positional isomers on the pyridine of the model compound

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:01:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Ribeiro Faria.pdf: 1663170 bytes, checksum: 55c0e266085c3cbb2eb6c2a3496c81dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-24 / The study seeks to understand the formative movements that take place inside a group of professors from a Business Administration undergraduate course in a private Institution. At this meaning, considering that a great part of the knowledge in Business Administration still represents itself in a functionalist dimension, other lines cross its constitution possibly coming to modify the ways of current experimented functioning. In face of this, the raising question is how the continued education development of the professors at the mentioned course has happened and what implications, on the acting ways, the professors experiment? Objective, however, to understand how the affection produced on the process of the continued education potentially enable the professor pratics, as well as understand the meanings of being a teacher at the interplaces constituted at the private superior Institution of teaching. It were used pieces of Deleuze, Gualttari and Espinosa as main intercessors. It takes as group/person of research the professors that integrate a daily university routine of a private Institution, located at the city of Vila Velha/ES. The production of data happened by keeping up with some selected professors in the very investigative process, according to the affections produced at the research meeting. For this purpose, we used the resource of conversations with the trainees, where the production by means of the cartographyc methodology, it is not talking about the other, nor in the place of the other, thus, a double capture that is above all, something that is between and out of the subject and the researcher, that takes another direction, composing another view. In this context, the intention of the investigation it is not to search the comprehension of the higher education professors duties, but to expand our perception, in what concerns the powers that makes us wish for the teaching profession and enlace ourselves at the education processes in a way that we are capable to place our own problems. Thus, being open to the vibratibility in the course of the production is to be open for the sensible to make itself present, where the happening makes itself through the unexpected. Therefore, it is in the process of experience that we can find out other means where the sensible sensitive leak that empower the professors to compose as other landscapes that affect and constitute them / O estudo busca compreender os movimentos formativos que se desenrolam em meio a um grupo de docentes do Curso de Administração de uma instituição privada. Nesse sentido, em virtude de grande parte do conhecimento em Administração se configurar, ainda, em uma dimensão funcionalista, outras linhas atravessam sua constituição e podem vir a modificar os modos de funcionamento atualmente experimentados. Diante disso, a questão que levanta é: Como tem acontecido a formação continuada dos professores do referido curso e que implicações, nos modos de atuação, os docentes experimentam? Objetiva, portanto, entender como as afecções produzidas no processo de formação continuada potencializam as práticas docentes bem como compreender os sentidos de ser professor nos entrelugares constituídos na instituição de ensino superior privada. Utiliza as obras de Deleuze, Guattari e Espinosa como principais intercessores. Toma como grupo/sujeito da pesquisa os professores que integram o cotidiano universitário de uma instituição privada situada na cidade de Vila Velha/ES. Para a produção de dados, acompanha alguns professores selecionados no próprio processo investigativo, de acordo com as afecções produzidas no encontro de pesquisa. Para tanto, utiliza o recurso de conversações com os praticantes, em que a produção por meio da metodologia cartográfica não é falar do outro nem no lugar do outro; é, sim, uma dupla captura de algo que, antes de tudo, está entre e fora do sujeito e do pesquisador, que toma outra direção, compondo outra paisagem. Nesse contexto, a intencionalidade de investigação não é buscar a compreensão dos papéis dos docentes de ensino superior, mas, sim, expandir a percepção no que tange às forças que os fazem desejar a docência e os enlaçam aos processos de formação, de modo que sejam capazes de colocar os próprios problemas. Dessa maneira, observa que estar aberto para a vibratibilidade no decorrer da produção é estar aberto para que o sensível se faça presente, onde o acontecimento se faz pelo inesperado, pois é no processo da experiência que se podem descobrir outros possíveis, onde o sensível se faz pelas linhas de fugas que os potencializam como docentes a compor outras paisagens que os afetam e os constituem

Este trabalho propõe uma leitura dos aspectos estruturais de narração, construção de personagens e enredo a partir de uma perspectiva que os considera como dados essenciais para aquilo que Rancière (2004) chamou de política da literatura. Os textos escolhidos, A hora e a vez de Augusto Matraga, de Sagarana, e Buriti, de Corpo de baile, foram considerados dentro de uma tradição brasileira da fala sobre um outro cultural, presente desde os românticos até os modernos. Tentou-se compreender como as inovações estruturais principalmente a reformulação do discurso indireto livre podem ser lidas como mais ou menos democráticas, a partir de uma reflexão sobre a partilha do sensível (Rancière, 2005) e a letra muda (Rancière, 2004). / This dissertation proposes a study of the structural aspects of narration, character and plot through a perspective that considers them as essential for what Rancière (2004) called politics of literature. The texts chosen, A hora e a vez de Augusto Matraga, from Sagarana and Buriti, from Corpo de baile, were read within a Brazilian literary tradition of speaking about a cultural other, present from romantic to modern writings. The research tried to understand how structural innovations specially the rebuilding of the free indirect speech (discurso indireto livre) may be read as more or less democratic considering the concepts of partition of the sensible (RANCIÈRE, 2005) and the mute letter (RANCIÈRE, 2004).

Cette thèse explore l’espace communicationnel contemporain à partir de la forme installative. L’enjeu est d’envisager comment dans une société médiatisée où l’exposition est devenue la norme du visible, l’installation parvient à créer ou renégocier dans l’espace social des formes de visibilités. Ces reformulations sensibles proviennent du geste scénographique, tout à la fois processus de création et de représentation, à travers lequel peuvent être circonscrites des « scénographies communicationnelles ». L’installation artistique est l’espace archétypal servant à entreprendre cette réflexion. À partir d’un corpus d’installations artistiques contemporaines, nous analysons les processus par lesquels l’installation conduit à une expérience hétérogène de l’espace tendant favoriser l’immersion du visiteur et le renversement des cadres qui servent à intelligibiliser le réel. Ces processus font de l’installation un espace permettant d’expérimenter le sensible à l’aune d’agencements spatiaux qui en redéfinissent le partage. L’installation peut être conçue comme une forme scénographique constitutive de pratiques et de processus communicationnels tendant s’intercaler entre l’expérience esthétique et l’expérimentation sociale de l’espace. La « communication anthropologique du sensible » favorisée par des dispositifs artistiques de toutes sortes, permet justement d’illustrer comment l’installation, devenue une scène sociale, transforme tout à la fois notre perception et nos modes d’êtres communicationnels. Pour saisir et mettre en perspective ces enjeux à cheval entre les disciplines de la communication et de l’esthétique, cette réflexion prend comme point d’appui l’espace muséal. Le musée, espace scénographié et régime d’exposition matérialisé, permet d’observer comment le paradigme communicationnel intervient dans les pratiques culturelles à travers le rôle que joue l’espace, alors conçu comme une « scène ». L’installation d’abord envisagée dans le milieu typique de l’hétérotopie muséale, sera observée au fil de ses déterritorialisations dans l’espace social, mais aussi à travers des processus circulaires et réflexifs qu’elle provoque sur notre regard. Il s’agit finalement de se demander comment l’installation non plus seulement artistique peut faire lieu de support ou de modèle pour analyser l’espace communicationnel contemporain et plus loin, une hypothétique « société de l’installation ». / This thesis explores the contemporary communicational space on the basis of the installation form. The challenge is to consider how installation manages to create or renegotiate forms of visibilities in a media-orientated society in which exhibitions have become the norm of what is visible. These sensitive reformulations result from the scenography movement, defined as a process of creation and representation through which “communicational scenography” may be contained. The artistic installation is the archetypal space that will be used to undertake this reflection. Using a corpus of contemporary art installations, we will analyse the processes by which installation leads to a heterogeneous experience of space, which typically favours the immersion of the visitor and the reversal of frameworks which serve to make the real world intelligible. These processes make installation a space which allows for experimentation with the sensory experience in relation to spatial layouts which redefine its division. Installation may be appreciated as a form of scenography constituting of communicational processes and practices which tend to insert themselves in between the aesthetic experience and the social experiment of space. The “anthropological communication of the sensible”, promoted by all sorts of artistic devices, illustrates precisely the way in which installation, as a social stage, transforms both our perception and methods of communication. To grasp and put into perspective these issues, which criss-cross between the disciplines of communication and aesthetic, this reflection will focus upon space specifically within the museum. The museum, acting as both a set designed space and a stage of materialised exhibition, makes it possible to observe how the communicational paradigm intervenes in cultural practices through the role played by space, here defined as a “scene”. Initially considered in the typical environment of museum heterotopia, installation will be observed over the course of its derritorialisation in social space, but also through circular and reflexive processes that it may have on our perspective. In the end, it is a question of whether installation, a not only an artistic practice, can act as a medium or a template to analyse the contemporary communicational space and, further still, as a hypothetical “society of installation”.

Il a été démontré que l’acidité de l’environnement tumoral jouait un rôle dans la résistance aux chimiothérapies. L’utilisation de nanovecteurs, tels que les nanocapsules lipidiques (LNC), permet non seulement d’améliorer le temps de biodistribution de substances actives, mais aussi de cibler l’environnement tumoral tout en protégeant les actifs de cet environnement acide. L’objectif de cette thèse porte ainsi sur l’optimisation et l’évaluation de LNC furtives et pH-sensibles dans le contexte du mélanome.Dans un premier temps, ces travaux ont consisté à caractériser la vascularisation de mélanomes humain et murin. Ces études ont permis de comparer différentes tumeurs (densité, taille et structure) et de déterminer si l’usage de nanomédecines est approprié dans ce contexte.La seconde partie s’est orientée sur l’élaboration de polymères combinant furtivité et pH-sensibilité. Ces copolymères composés de N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)et de vinylimidazole ont été synthétisés par polymérisation RAFT et post-insérés à la surface des LNC. Ces modifications ont donné lieu à des LNC présentant des charges de surface pH-dépendantes,entrainant une augmentation de leur internalisation à pH acide dans des cellules de mélanome. Finalement, des études de biodistribution ont mis en évidence l’intérêt de la NVP dans le développement de nanovecteurs furtifs. En conclusion, les copolymères développés ont permis de prolonger le temps de circulation, mais aussi d’apporter des propriétés pH-sensibles qui pourraient améliorer l’internalisation tumorale des LNC in vivo et donc de potentialiser l’effet d’une thérapie anticancéreuse. / Tumor acidity has been shown to play a major role in resistance to chemotherapy. The use of nanomedicines, as lipid nanocapsules (LNC), allows to protect drugs from this acidic environment. They can also improve the biodistribution of therapeutics and to target the tumor environment. The aim of this thesis concerns the evaluation and characterization of stealth and pH-sensitive LNC in the context of melanoma. Firstly, these works consisted in characterizing the vascularization of human and mice melanoma. These studies allowed to compare different tumors (density, size and structure), and determine if the used of nanocarrier is suitable in the context of melanoma.The second part of this thesis described the development and the characterization of new copolymers, combining stealth and pH-sensitive properties. These copolymers, composed of Nvinylpyrrolidone(NVP) and vinylimidazole, were synthesized by RAFT polymerization and were post in sertedonto LNC surface. These modifications allowed to obtain charge reversal nanocarriers, leading to increase their melanoma cell uptake underacid pH. Finally, biodistribution of these modified nanoparticles was studied in vivo and highlighted the interest of NVP in the development of stealth nanocarriers. To conclude, the developed copolymers able to extend nanocarrier circulation time and to provide pH-responsive properties which should increase the tumor internalization of LNC invivo and potentiate the effect of anticancer drugs.

Dans cette thèse, des structures MEMS de type micropoutre ont été conçues pour des applications capteurs. Un procédé de fabrication alternatif au silicium, associant la technique de sérigraphie à l'utilisation d'une couche sacrificielle (SrCO3), a été utilisé pour la réalisation de micropoutres piezoélectriques (PZT, matériau servant à la fois d'actionneur et de transducteur) dans un premier temps. Des tests de détection en phase gazeuse ont été réalisés avec et sans couche sensible avec succès à l'aide du mode de vibration non conventionnel 31-longitudinal. Le toluène a notamment pu être détecté à des concentrations voisines de 20ppm avec une couche sensible PEUT. D'autres espèces telles que l'eau, l'éthanol ou l'hydrogène ont été détectés sans couches sensibles afin de s'affranchir des contraintes liées à celle-ci (vieillissement notamment). Des tests préliminaires de caractérisation en milieu liquide ont également été réalisés avec dans l'optique la détection d'espèces en phase liquide. Par ailleurs, un capteur de force a été conçu et réalisé avec le même procédé de fabrication. Ce dernier est composé d'une micropoutre en matériau diélectrique sur laquelle est intégrée une piezorésistance servant à la transduction du signal associé à la déformation subie par la micropoutre. Des détections de force en mode statique (sans actionneurs) ont permis de caractériser les capteurs, notamment en termes de sensibilité, de gamme de force et de force minimale détectable ou encore de linéarité.

<p>Oceans cover about 70% of the earth’s surface. They are the largest source of the atmospheric water vapour and act as enormous heat reservoirs. Thus in order to predict the future weather and climate it is of great importance to understand the processes governing the exchange of water vapour and heat between the ocean and atmosphere. This exchange is to a large extent mediated by turbulent eddies. Current numerical climate and weather forecast models are unable to resolve the turbulence, which means that the turbulent exchange needs to be simplified by using parameterizations. </p><p>Tower based measurements at the Östergarnsholm Island in the Baltic Sea have been used to study the air-sea turbulent exchange of latent and sensible heat and the heat flux parameterizations. Although the measurements are made at an island, data obtained at this site is shown to represent open ocean conditions during most situations for winds coming from the east-south sector. It is found that during conditions with small air-sea temperature differences and wind speeds above 10 m s^-1, the structure of the turbulence is re-organized. Drier and colder air from aloft is transported to the surface by detached eddies, which considerably enhance the turbulent heat fluxes. The fluxes where observed to be much larger than predicted by current state-of-the-art parameterizations. The turbulence regime during these conditions is termed the Unstable Very Close to Neutral Regime, the UVCN-regime.</p><p>The global increase of the latent and sensible heat fluxes due to the UVCN-regime is calculated to 2.4 W m^-2 and 0.8 W m^-2 respectively. This is comparable to the current increase of the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, reported in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fourth assessment report (IPCC AR4). Thus the UVCN-effect could have a significant influence when predicting the future weather and climate.</p>

Oceans cover about 70% of the earth’s surface. They are the largest source of the atmospheric water vapour and act as enormous heat reservoirs. Thus in order to predict the future weather and climate it is of great importance to understand the processes governing the exchange of water vapour and heat between the ocean and atmosphere. This exchange is to a large extent mediated by turbulent eddies. Current numerical climate and weather forecast models are unable to resolve the turbulence, which means that the turbulent exchange needs to be simplified by using parameterizations. Tower based measurements at the Östergarnsholm Island in the Baltic Sea have been used to study the air-sea turbulent exchange of latent and sensible heat and the heat flux parameterizations. Although the measurements are made at an island, data obtained at this site is shown to represent open ocean conditions during most situations for winds coming from the east-south sector. It is found that during conditions with small air-sea temperature differences and wind speeds above 10 m s-1, the structure of the turbulence is re-organized. Drier and colder air from aloft is transported to the surface by detached eddies, which considerably enhance the turbulent heat fluxes. The fluxes where observed to be much larger than predicted by current state-of-the-art parameterizations. The turbulence regime during these conditions is termed the Unstable Very Close to Neutral Regime, the UVCN-regime. The global increase of the latent and sensible heat fluxes due to the UVCN-regime is calculated to 2.4 W m-2 and 0.8 W m-2 respectively. This is comparable to the current increase of the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, reported in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fourth assessment report (IPCC AR4). Thus the UVCN-effect could have a significant influence when predicting the future weather and climate.

Knowledge of the turbulent fluxes at the sea surface is important for understanding the interaction between atmosphere and ocean. With better knowledge, improvements in the estimation of the heat exchange coefficients can be made and hence models are able to predict the weather and future climate with higher accuracy. The exchange coefficients of latent and sensible heat during stable stratification vary in the literature. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the processes influencing the air-sea exchange of water vapour and heat in order to estimate these values. With measurements from a tower and a directional waverider buoy at the site Östergarnsholm in the Baltic Sea, data used in this study have been sampled from the years 2005-2007. This site represents open-ocean conditions during most situations when the wind comes from the south-east sector. The neutral exchange coefficients, CEN and CHN, have been calculated along with the non-dimensional profile functions for temperature and wind to study the dependence of stability and other parameters of relevance. It was found that CEN increased slightly with wind speed and reached a mean value of approximately 1.45×10-3. The highest values of CEN were observed during near neutral conditions and low wave ages. CHN attained a mean value of approximately 0.77×10-3 and did not show any relation to wind speed or to wave age. No significant dependence with wind or wave direction could be shown for either CEN or CHN in the sector 80-220°. The stability correction, performed to reduce the dependence on stratification for CEN and CHN, was well performed for stabilities higher than 0.15. The stability is represented by a relationship between the height and the Obukhov-length (z/L). Validity of the non-dimensional profile functions for temperature and wind showed that, for smaller stabilities, these functions gave higher values than the corresponding functions recommended by Högström (1996). The profile funtions for temperature was shown to have a larger scatter while the profile functions for wind was less scattered and deviated more from the functions given by Högström / Kunskap om turbulenta flöden i det marina gränsskiktet är viktigt för att förstå växelverkan mellan atmosfär och hav. Med bättre kunskap kan förbättringar i bestämningen av utbyteskoefficienterna för latent och sensibelt värme erhållas. Det medför att modeller kan prognostisera väder och framtida klimat med högre noggrannhet. Utbyteskoefficienterna för latent och sensibelt värme har för stabil skiktning olika värden i litteraturen. Detta gör det nödvändigt att undersöka de processer som påverkar utbytet av vattenånga och värme mellan luft och hav för att kunna bestämma dessa värden. Data som har använts i den här studien insamlades mellan år 2005 och 2007 från en boj och ett torn vid mätplatsen Östergarnsholm i Baltiska havet. För det flesta situationer, när vinden blåser från syd-ost, representerar mätplatsen ett förhållande likvärdigt det över öppet hav. De neutrala utbyteskoefficienterna, CEN och CHN, och de dimensionslösa profilfunktionera för temperatur och vind, och , har beräknats för att studera beroendet av stabilitet samt andra relevanta parametrar. Beräkningarna visade att CEN ökade något med vindhastighet och hamnade på ett medelvärde av ungefär 1.45×10-3. De högsta värdena på CEN observerades vid nära neutrala förhållanden och låga vågåldrar. CHN uppmättes till att ha ett medelvärde på ungefär 0.77×10-3 och uppvisade inget beroende med vindhastighet eller vågålder. Inget märkbart beroende med vind- eller vågriktning kunde visas för CEN eller CHN i sektorn 80-220°. Stabilitetskorrektionen, utförd för att reducera beroendet av atmosfärens skiktning för CEN och CHN, var bra för stabiliteter högre än 0.15. Stabiliteten representeras av förhållandet mellan höjden och Obukhov-längden (z/L). Utvärdering av de dimensionslösa funktionerna för temperatur och vind visade att dessa funktioner, för små stabiliteter, gav högre värden än motsvarande funktioner som rekommenderas av Högström (1996). Värdena på profilfunktionerna för temperatur hade större spridning än värdena på profilfunktionerna för vind och avvek mer från funktionerna givna av Högström.