O presente trabalho se insere no debate atual sobre sistemas de produção que, baseados nos princípios da agroecologia, fazem um contraponto ao atual modelo de agricultura produtivista preconizado pela Revolução Verde. O desenvolvimento de Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) se apresenta como uma alternativa capaz de atender as perspectivas de uma agricultura multifuncional. No entanto, ainda são muitos os desafios para a sua consolidação, sobretudo quando implantados em assentamentos rurais. Este estudo buscou analisar, portanto, os SAFs desenvolvidos com famílias de assentados rurais na região do Pontal do Paranapanema a partir de dois projetos distintos: \"Projeto Café com Floresta\" e \"Projeto Bioenergia com Biodiversidade e Segurança Alimentar\". O objetivo do trabalho foi de examinar a viabilidade desses sistemas sob a ótica da multifuncionalidade da agricultura, buscando levantar além dos seus resultados produtivos e econômicos, também os seus impactos ambientais, sociais e culturais. De maneira complementar, também se buscou uma compreensão em torno do papel que as políticas públicas voltadas para a agricultura familiar vêm desempenhando no desenvolvimento de sistemas de produção de bases ecológicas na região de estudo. Logo, a visão das famílias sobre os seus sistemas produtivos foi o elemento que prevaleceu no levantamento de dados, somado às observações realizadas em visitas nas áreas de SAFs. Em paralelo, entrevistas com atores envolvidos com o desenvolvimento rural da região, construíram o material de base para entender em que medida as ações públicas fomentam e contribuem com o desenvolvimento de sistemas produtivos de caráter mais multifuncional. Como resultado, foi constatado que os SAFs representam uma alternativa viável para os assentamentos rurais, constituindo um modelo de produção capaz de gerar renda e também desempenhar suas funções socioambientais. Entretanto, o reconhecimento da insuficiência das políticas públicas na construção da agroecologia no território do Pontal do Paranapanema impõe limites à efetividade de ações mais estruturais e de longo prazo para que propostas desse tipo ganhem fôlego enquanto alternativas para o desenvolvimento rural da região. / This work falls within the current debate on production systems which is based on the principles of agroecology. It also does a counterpoint to the current industrial agriculture model preconized by the Green Revolution. The development of Agroforestry Systems (AFS) is presented as an alternative able to meet the prospects of a multifunctional agriculture. However, there are still many challenges to its consolidation, especially when it is deployed in rural settlements. Therefore, this study investigates the AFSs developed with families of rural settlers in the Pontal do Paranapanema region which are part of two different projects: \"Coffee with Forest Project\" and \"Bioenergy with Biodiversity and Food Security Project\". The main objective of the work was to examine the feasibility of such systems from the perspective of the multifunctionality of agriculture, aiming, beyond their productive and economic outcomes, also its environmental, social and cultural impacts. In a complementary way, it was also sought an understanding about the role that public policies for family farming have been fulfilling the development of ecological production systems in the studied region. Accordingly, the families view about their production systems was the element that prevailed in the data collection, combined with observations during visits in the areas of agroforestry. In parallel, interviews with key-actors involved with the rural development of the region helped build the source material to understand to what extent the public actions encourage and contribute to the development of more multifunctional productive systems. As a result, it was found that the AFSs represent a viable alternative for rural settlements, constituting a production model capable of generating income and also fulfill their social and environmental functions. However, the recognition of the insufficiency of public policies in the construction of agroecology in the territory of Pontal do Paranapanema imposes limits to the effectiveness of more structural and long-term actions for that such proposals can gain space as alternatives for rural development in the region.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Marcos Botton Piccin.pdf: 3891788 bytes, checksum: 50ac5d427e99048c73b932fdad6563b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work consists of a research that analyzes the underlying sociocultural logics to the productive strategies developed by the landless farmers settled in the rural Settlement called Ceres, RS. That Settlement was formed in the end of 1996 and it received landless farm workers of several areas and municipal districts of Rio Grande do Sul, having different paths and acquired social experiences in the different busy social positions in the structure of relationships of the society. Hence the occupation of the territory and the social-historical development of that state have conformed certain social positions to the poor rural workers as small farmers, temporary and permanent workers, millers, lacemakers, among other generating potentially different principles of action, behaviors, codes and operational modalities that provide a group of knowledge, creeds and a certain practical sense, working as social habitus. In this sense, this sociocultural heterogeneity tends to compose the social processes as much of the camps as of the rural settlements and it can be expressed by the different situations that took the rural workers to the fight for the land, for the different objectives related to the ownership of a lot, as well as for the differentiated projects and future dreams elaborated among those individuals. Then, when in the establishment of awareness, knowledge, projects and future dreams which have been built along the social paths tend to make present and updated face of the found circumstances regarding the differential of powers among the different social agents of the local and regional environment. Like this, the cultivations, handlings and several forms of productive occupation of the land lots for the farmer-seated can also represent that social-cultural heterogeneity forged by the socialhistorical process. In that sense, the research classified the farmer-seated in three productive systems considered as diversified, soy-milk, and soy farmers through a survey questionnaire and it was opted for living the daily of them starting from an interview of a pre-selected sample of seated families. The analysis of the data and information allow considering that the interactions and reactions from those environments do not occur in the same way by the group of the farmer-seated in the establishment of the strategies of social reproduction. The existence of three productive systems in the Settlement tends to correspond to the sociocultural internal factors along the social paths. As a result, the significances attributed to the differentiated forms of productive occupation of the land lots reveal desires and life projects longed for and also differentiated and such objectives are believed to be possible to achieve in the Settlement. . / Este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa que analisa as l?gicas socioculturais subjacentes ?s estrat?gias produtivas desenvolvidas pelos agricultores-assentados no Assentamento rural Ceres, RS. Esse Assentamento foi formado no final de 1996 e recebeu agricultores sem-terra de v?rias regi?es e munic?pios do Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes trajet?rias e experi?ncias sociais adquiridas nas diferentes posi??es sociais ocupadas na estrutura de rela??es da sociedade. A ocupa??o do territ?rio e o desenvolvimento s?cio-hist?rico desse estado conformaram determinadas posi??es sociais aos trabalhadores rurais pobres como pequenos agricultores, trabalhadores tempor?rios e permanentes, meeiros, rendeiros, entre outras, gerando, potencialmente, distintos princ?pios de a??o, comportamentos, c?digos e modalidades operacionais que conferem um conjunto de saberes, cren?as e um senso pr?tico determinado, funcionando como habitus sociais. Esta heterogeneidade sociocultural tende a compor os processos sociais tanto dos acampamentos quanto dos assentamentos rurais e pode ser expressada pelas diferentes situa??es que levaram os trabalhadores rurais ? luta pela terra, pelos diferentes objetivos para com a posse de um lote, assim como pelos diferenciados projetos e sonhos de futuro elaborados entre esses indiv?duos. Quando em assentamento os saberes, conhecimentos, projetos e sonhos de futuro constru?dos ao longo das trajet?rias sociais tendem a ser presentificados e atualizados frente ?s circunst?ncias encontradas dos diferenciais de poderes entre os distintos agentes sociais que figuram a ambi?ncia local e regional. Assim, os cultivos, manejos e formas diversas de ocupa??o produtiva dos lotes de terra pelos agricultores-assentados tamb?m podem representar aquela heterogeneidade sociocultural forjada pelo processo s?cio-hist?rico. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa classificou os agricultores-assentados em tr?s sistemas produtivos considerados como diversificado, sojaleite e soja atrav?s de um question?rio tipo survey e optou-se pela viv?ncia do cotidiano dos mesmos a partir do qual se procedeu a entrevista de uma amostra pr?-selecionada de fam?lias assentadas. A an?lise dos dados e informa??es permite considerar que as intera??es e rea??es a essas ambi?ncias n?o se d?o da mesma forma pelo conjunto dos agricultores-assentados no estabelecimento das estrat?gias de reprodu??o social. A exist?ncia de tr?s sistemas produtivos no Assentamento tende a corresponder aos fatores socioculturais internalizados ao longo das trajet?rias sociais. As significa??es atribu?das ?s formas diferenciadas de ocupa??o produtiva dos lotes de terra revelam desejos e projetos de vida almejados tamb?m diferenciados e que se julga poss?vel alcan?ar no Assentamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Monica Cox de Britto Pereira-parte1.pdf: 7626278 bytes, checksum: 56d5da973f4636c49eab7a5bd7ebdcae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The research dealt with conflicts that occurred in S?o Jo?o River Valley on public lands disappropriated by INCRA to Biological Reserve of Po?o das Antas. We tried to understand them bringing into focus land conflicts, occupations and camps in the surrounding of Reserve at 1990. The thesis aims to show how, after sanitation work at 1980, some areas were invaded by farmers as well as rural workers required agrarian reform in those public lands. Biological Reserve began to dispute adjoining areas in order to enlargement and moved judicial actions against rural settlements. Along those conflicts, an environmental conception that considers man action as an external factor and nature as untouchable earned force of law and conflicted with land work right claimed by means of collective occupation. The thesis intends to show either the limits of State dialogue with workers organizations or conflicts resolutions between State agencies and at public politics conduction to rural settlements and to Biological Reserve. We tried to show that neither environmental question nor agrarian question can be understood isolated, they may be inter-related. / A pesquisa enfoca os conflitos que surgiram no Vale do Rio S?o Jo?o fluminense, em terras p?blicas desapropriadas pelo INCRA para cria??o da Reserva Biol?gica Po?o das Antas. Procura-se entend?-los a partir dos conflitos por terra e das ocupa??es e acampamentos no entorno da Reserva nos anos 1990. A tese procura mostrar como, ap?s obras de saneamento na d?cada de 1980, algumas ?reas foram griladas por fazendeiros, ao mesmo tempo em que trabalhadores rurais demandaram a reforma agr?ria nessas terras que eram p?blicas. A Reserva Biol?gica passou tamb?m a disputar ?reas cont?guas a seus limites originais para sua amplia??o e moveu a??es judiciais contra assentamentos no seu entorno. Ao longo desses conflitos, revelou-se, com for?a de lei, uma concep??o ambiental que v? a a??o do homem como fator externo ao ambiente e a natureza como intocada, passando a se antagonizar com o direito ao trabalho na terra demandado por meio de ocupa??o coletiva. A tese procura mostrar os limites existentes quer no di?logo do Estado com as organiza??es porta-vozes dos trabalhadores, quer na resolu??o dos conflitos entre as inst?ncias estatais e na condu??o das pol?ticas p?blicas para os assentamentos rurais e para a Reserva Biol?gica. Procura-se mostrar que nem a quest?o ambiental nem a quest?o agr?ria podem ser entendidas isoladamente e que elas necessitam ser inter-relacionadas.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar uma investigação acerca das repercussões morfológicas decorrentes do processo de construção e transformação do espaço urbano representado pelo crescimento urbano por extensão, ou seja, pelo acréscimo de novos loteamentos junto à estruturas urbanas preexistentes. A escala de análise das conseqüências do fenômeno investigado situa-se tanto em âmbito local, bem como de modo global de toda a estrutura urbana. Como objeto de estudo, será abordado o processo de formação territorial da cidade de Santa Maria – RS, verificando as alterações na estrutura urbana da cidade ao longo do tempo. Para tal operação investigativa, será empregado o instrumental de análise do ambiente construído disponibilizado pela Teoria da Sintaxe Espacial, na qual será possível realizar uma leitura do fenômeno do crescimento urbano sob o viés morfológico e verificar como as variáveis: localização, conectividade, layout do anexo e o porte das estruturas anexadas influem na abrangência e relevância do fenômeno no contexto urbano. / This work has as objective to make an investigation concerning the current morphologic repercussions of the construction process and transformation of the urban space represented by the urban growth by extension, that is to say, for the increment of new settlements close to structure it urban. The scale of analysis of the consequences of the investigated phenomenon locates so much in local ambit, as well as in global way of the whole urban structure. As study object, the process of territorial formation of Santa Maria's city will be approached - RS, verifying the alterations in the urban structure of the city along the time. For such an investigative operation, the instrumental of analysis of the atmosphere built available will be used by the Theory of the Space Syntax, in which will be possible to accomplish a reading of the phenomenon of the urban growth under the morphologic inclination and to verify as the variables: location, connectivity, layout of the annex and the load of the enclosed structures influence in the inclusion and relevance of the phenomenon in the urban context.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Padia de Souza.pdf: 6900256 bytes, checksum: 8d85c2a093f1ecfbd955ce0d9f0bc508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-13 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research discusses the slums urban forms and the impact of the public interventions. It seeks to understand the morphological elements that differentiate the precarious settlements, in this case the slums peculiarity in São Paulo. Taking Heliopolis community as a study case the discussion goes through since its origin in 1972, traversing the various public interventions at different political moments. It has the issue to comprehend the transformation process on its morphology and the impacts that occurs. The analysis of three projects Delamare Condominium (1989); Cingapura Heliopolis Sector A (1996); Social Housing 115 (2005) provides an understanding regarding breaks and contiguities of the slums urban form and what are the prospects that enable the integration and recognition of large settlements, as an inherent part of the city. / Esta pesquisa discute a forma urbana das favelas e o impacto das intervenções públicas. Busca- se compreender os elementos morfológicos que diferenciam os assentamentos precários, neste caso as especificidades das favelas em São Paulo. Toma-se como objeto de estudo a comunidade de Heliópolis, desde sua origem em 1972, percorrendo as diversas intervenções públicas, em momentos políticos distintos. Procura-se compreender o processo de transformação e os impactos em sua morfologia. A análise de três projetos Condomínio Delamare (1989); Cingapura Heliópolis Gleba A (1996); Conjunto Habitacional 115 (2005) propiciaram o entendimento referente às rupturas e contiguidades da forma urbana da favela e quais as perspectivas que possibilitam a integração e o reconhecimento dos assentamentos, como parte inerente à cidade.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-11-23T18:57:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Predo Mateus.pdf: 3019078 bytes, checksum: 3e18430412551aedef2e331679240d61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T18:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Predo Mateus.pdf: 3019078 bytes, checksum: 3e18430412551aedef2e331679240d61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / The work analyses local governments participations in the formulation of politics and actions referring to deserving habitation in according to international documents like, ¿Habitat Agenda¿ and ¿New Urban Agenda¿, came from Habitat Meeting. In the context of International Environment Law Program tries answer the question: ¿Can local governments do the environment international urban law?¿ From a study developped in Santos, SP between 1993 e 1996, triess to discuss how this participation occurs, if objectifying adapt to international documents, or looking for international problems solutions, to this uses hypotheic-deductive methodology and organizes into four chapters, which includes international documents that established and discuss deserving habitation, historic contexto and the national legislation that cares this question, the participation of the State and the Market, the Global Environment Governance and the study about Santos Municipality. This work proposes to use ¿Habitat Agenda¿ how a methodology of insert the State participation to warrant citizenship, rights to habitation, to the city, democratization and descentralization of State. / O trabalho analisa a participação dos governos locais na formulação de políticas e ações referentes ao direito à moradia digna nos moldes preconizados pelos documentos internacionais, como a ¿Agenda Habitat¿ e a ¿Nova Agenda Urbana¿, produzidos no âmbito das Conferências Habitat. No contexto do Programa de Direito Ambiental Internacional procura responder a pergunta ¿Podem os Governos locais construírem o direito ambiental internacional urbano?¿ A partir do estudo de um programa desenvolvido em Santos, SP entre 1993 e 1996, procura discutir como se dá essa participação, se com a finalidade de se adequar aos documentos internacionais ou indiretamente, visando resolver problemas internos, para tanto utiliza a metodologia hipotético-dedutiva e se organiza em 4 capítulos, que abordam os documentos internacionais que fundamentam e tratam da questão da moradia digna, o contexto histórico e a legislação nacional que enfrenta essa questão, o papel do Estado e do Mercado nessa discussão, a Governança Global Ambiental e o estudo do caso do Município de Santos. O trabalho propõe a adoção da Agenda Habitat como metodologia de implementação de participação do Estado para a garantia da cidadania, do direito a moradia, e à cidade, da democratização e descentralização do Estado.

Researchers on the Northwest Coast (NWC) are often interested in complex questions regarding social organization, resource intensification, resource control, and impacts of environmental change on resources and in turn human groups. However, the excavation strategies used on the NWC often do not provide the spatial and chronological control within a site that is necessary to document their variability and answer these research questions. The Čḯxwicən site has the potential to address some of the limitations of previous Northwest Coast village site excavations because of its unique and robust sampling strategy, the wide expanse of time that it was occupied, and the multiple house structures present. An on-going project is examining changing human ecodynamics over the breadth of site occupation, focusing on zooarchaeology and geoarchaeological records. This site, located on the Strait of Juan de Fuca in Port Angeles, WA was excavated in 2004 as part of a Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) undertaking to build parts for the Hood Canal Bridge Large scale excavation (261.4 m3 528 m2) generated enormous quantities of faunal remains. Radiocarbon dates and historic records show occupation extends from 2750 cal. BP to the early 20th century. Statistical sampling methods provide an empirical way to maximize the amount of information obtained with the least amount of effort. My thesis addressed the utility of Sampling to Redundancy (STR) as a statistical sampling method for sampling faunal remains from large village sites. My project has documented the variability of fish family representation across time and space in one part of the Čḯxwicən village, while minimizing the time and effort required to do so. This thesis applies STR to "S" (> 1/4 in.) 10 Liter bucket samples from eight excavation units and a total of 26 separate unique temporal and spatial contexts. I focused on 1/4 in. samples for my study for a particular reason. Previous fish faunal studies have focused on effects of mesh size on fish representation; and emphasized the need to use fine mesh (e.g., 1/8 in. or finer) to document small-bodied fishes. This focus on fine mesh typically means that only limited volumes of matrix are studied, which in turn may mean that remains of rarer, large- bodied fishes are under- represented. The on-going research project has focused on buckets screened to 1/8 in. mesh (called "C" buckets). I used STR to sample additional volumes of matrix screened to 1/4 in. to examine whether expanding the volume studied would affect fish representation, which was a second goal of my project. Overall, I studied remains from 269 "S" buckets out of a total of 419 buckets, or 47% of the buckets. STR was most helpful for six of the high bone abundance and density contexts, where I analyzed less than 50% of the total buckets, was moderately helpful for 14 contexts, and not at all helpful for the six contexts with low fishbone abundance, where I analyzed 100% of the buckets. This analysis took me a total of 154 hours, and based on the percentage of material analyzed, 174 hours were saved. As to the second project goal, to assess whether adding fish remains documented from additional matrix volume affected fish representation, I found the differences were minimal. Both for my study units as a whole, and for each time period, adding the fish records from the "S" buckets did not alter the main trends in fish representation as documented by the larger study, using a smaller volume. To further examine whether the added volume from >1/4 in "S" buckets affected results, I explored specific research questions that are relevant to the larger project regarding environment-animal interactions and fishbone deposition and bone condition inside and outside of a house structure. Adding the "S" bucket samples did not affect fish representation or fishbone distribution and condition, which affirms that the sampling strategy used in the larger research project was sufficient in most cases to characterize the fish record at the site. My approach to STR has focused on fish remains that were previously excavated from a Pacific coastal village site with dense archaeological deposits. STR could be employed in other types of archaeological settings in a range of environments (coast or interior) representing a range of cultural contexts (from hunting camps to urban centers) to establish sample redundancy after an excavation is complete. STR could be used during on-going excavation. Further research is required to explore the implications of STR in these settings, however it is likely that the success of STR in other contexts will be dependent on the density and overall abundance of remains, the diversity or material types being studied, as well of course in the range and specificity of questions in each case.

Dans ce travail, je chercherai à montrer l'intérêt d'une approche phylomémétique des mythes dans la perspective d’une reconstruction du peuplement de l’Afrique et du globe sur la très longue durée. Après une présentation historique de cette approche méthodologique, je soutiendrai que les mythes forment une classe, distincte et largement indépendante, de réplicateurs culturels dont le comportement et la fidélité peuvent rivaliser avec ceux des gènes et des langues, et montrerai qu'il est possible d’appliquer des outils informatiques utilisés en biologie à des familles de mythes ou de traditions orales pour tenter de répondre à des questions portant sur l'histoire des peuples et de leurs migrations, ou encore pour contribuer à l’interprétation des vestiges archéologiques. Je discuterai des objections communes à l'application de la modélisation phylogénétique aux mythes et mettrai en évidence l'extrême lenteur évolutive de certains d'entre eux. J’établirai ensuite une corrélation entre la diffusion des mythes et celle des gènes, ce qui me conduira à proposer, grâce à la construction d'arbres phylogénétiques, un modèle de diffusion des peuples en Afrique et à travers le monde. La forme première de plusieurs récits ou traditions orales, parfois antérieurs à la sortie d'Afrique, pourra ainsi être retrouvée, en même temps qu’un éclairage sur la signification de certains vestiges archéologiques – incluant l’art rupestre – pourra être apporté. Les résultats obtenus apparaissent solides, notamment du fait qu'ils résistent aux changements de corpus et de méthode, tout en demeurant cohérents avec ceux provenant d’autres approches. / In this dissertation, I will try to show you the interest of a phylomemetic approach of myths in the perspective of a reconstruction of the settlement of Africa, and of the globe over longterm.After an historical presentation of this methodological approach, I will argue that the myths form a distinct and largely independent class of cultural replicators whose behaviour and fidelity can rival those of genes and languages, and show that it is possible to apply computer tools used in biology to families of myths or oral traditions in an attempt to answer questions about the history of people and their migrations, or to contribute to the interpretation of archaeological remains.I will discuss common objections to the application of the phylogenetic model of myths, and highlight the extreme slowness of evolution for some of them. I will then establish a correlation between myths and gene diffusion, thanks to the construction of phylogenetic trees, a model of diffusion of peoples inside Africa and throughout the world.The first form of several oral narratives or traditions, sometimes existing prior to the Out-of-Africa process, can thus be found at the same time as a clarification on the meaning of certain archaeological remains including rock art can be brought. Results appear solid, in particular because they resist changes in the corpus and method and remain consistent with those from other approaches.

<p>I have for my one year master's thesis worked on arranging and cataloging the archives from the missions stations of Musana, Congo-Brazzaville and Sundi-Lutete, Congo-Kinshasa, belonging to the Swedish Missions Church (Svenska Missionskyrkan). The archives contained records written in Swedish, French and Kikongo, from primarily the years 1910 until 1961. Records have though been found that adhere from both prior to and after these years. These archives are deposited at the Swedish National Archive and it was therefore important to take the opinions and regulations of both parties into consideration, as well as relying onto archival theory.</p><p>The archives were initially scattered and had in some parts been organized by an archivist without formal schooling. The major difficulties in this work has therefore been to establish the provenance – to which creator the documents belonged to, and also to decide to which degree the principle of the original order should play a part. After considering different theories, I decided to respect the secondary order for the correspondence, since rearranging it would disrupt the concordance in the work already done by researchers.</p><p>To still make the archives accessible for the users in its existing order it required me to be aware of whom the user of the archive is, probable areas of research and how these archives are used. This information was then used when writing the archival description and the scope notes in the inventory. I have also taken decisions based on what is practically possible; it has because of regulations not been possible to physically bring the archive to one unit. Also, the circumstances of a shared custody of the archives also determined, in practice, how the inventory could be written.</p><p>This is a one year master's thesis in Archival Science, at the university of Uppsala, Spring semester of 2010.</p>

A high proportion of urban residents in Tanzanian cities are tenants who rent rooms in privately owned houses in unplanned settlements. However, in housing policy and in urban planning rental tenure gets very little attention. This study focuses on the reasons for and consequences of this discrepancy between policy and practice. Perspectives and actions of different actors involved in the housing provision process in Mwanza City, Tanzania, have been central to the research. The examined actors are residents in various housing tenure forms as well as government officials and representatives at different levels, from the neighbourhood level to UN-Habitat. The main methods have been interviews and discussions with actors as well as studies of policy documents, laws and plans. Among government actors, private rental tenure is largely seen as an issue between landlords and tenants. Tanzanian housing policy focuses more on land for housing than on shelter. This means that house-owners who control land have a more important role in urban planning and policies than tenants have. In Tanzania in general and in Mwanza in particular, housing policy focuses on residents’ involvement in upgrading unplanned areas by organising in Community Based Organisations. This means that owners who live for a longer period in an area benefit more from settlement improvements than tenants. Tenants are relatively mobile and do not take for granted that they will stay in the same house for long. This raises the question of tenants’ possibilities to influence as well as their rights as citizens as compared to that of owners. The question of citizens’ rights for dwellers in informal settlements has received increased attention during the last years in international housing policy discussions. There is an evident need to intensify and diversify this discussion.