This diploma thesis, called "Life's Career of Female Sex Workers - Clients of Organisation Bliss without Risk", concentrates on the topic of prostitution and on the particular period of Bliss without Risk clients' life. The theoretic part includes an explanation of terms of the prostitution scene as well as it mentions and considers new words of this branch such as a sex work or a sex worker. The diploma work tackles the problem of what is very specific for the difficulties of the prostitution branch (heath, social, law or criminal difficulties). It mostly concentrates on the problematic of on sex workers committed violence. The coping strategies being used by women in sex business are also described. The practical part includes the phone research based on information collected from the Bliss without Risk's ex-clients. The main goal of the research was to find out how the ex-clients are keeping and what was the reason they stopped using it's services (was it their dissatisfaction over provided services or did they just left the sex business at all etc.). It gives the basic view at the way of the ex-clients' living as well as at their personal, family and work situation. It also tries to summarise their feeling about the time period they have spent by working in sex business and thereof, if...

This diploma thesis deals with the relations created between social workers and women, providing paid sexual services, in the area of street work environment. The thesis shows us the process of creation of these relations on the basis of the specific position of its actors, such as the stigmatized sex workers and "the wise" ones in the area of social work. However, these positions are not fixed. Social workers, as well as sex workers transform and redefine them, by using their own ways of understanding to categories such as trust, authority and process of self definition. The relations between the actors are mainly created on the basis of the topic of health that enters this environment through the harm reduction approach. This approach is also responsible for bringing an attention to actual health of sex workers but moreover an attention towards group of these women as such. Nevertheless, in the process of actual field research, were these categories shown as to be part of a larger picture of topic like motherhood and partnership. The last chapter of this thesis discusses the approach towards these topics during the contact with social workers. Keywords sex work, non-governmental organization, harm reduction approach, field social workers, stigma, health, biopower, motherhood

By examining Cambodia as a case study, this thesis is exploring the resonances and dissonances between “Western” discourse reflected in US policies and NGOs and women’s experiences of sex work and trafficking. The massive attention to human trafficking driven by the US “War on trafficking” has undoubtedly had tremendous consequences on women’s lives in Cambodia, as the US still exerts a very prominent influence on the country especially through development aid. Examining the discourse upheld by US policies and NGOs in relation to that particular issue and comparing it to Cambodian women’s lived experiences allows us to reflect on the possible power relations that still subsist in the representations of sex trafficking. Taking a post-colonial perspective, this study uncovers the problematic “Othering” imbued in US discourse, creating a patronizing attitude towards “non- Western” women onto whom the victim status is projected, therefore reproducing colonial tropes. The result is that women’s voices and their multilayered experiences are silenced and remain largely unexplored. When listening to the women and those working close to them we learn that sex, money, desire, love, kinship, and Khmer norms all come together to influence women’s decisions to migrate and to enter the sex industry. In Cambodia, there is a complex interplay between structural factors, social obligations and personal desires which is crucial to understand sex work and trafficking. In other contexts, this interplay of factors might take different forms but structural conditions must always be examined and labor migration and participation must be linked to the context-specific economic, political and ideological landscape in which women act.

Under den rådande covid-19-pandemin har polisen i Malmö fått information från hotell i Malmö som uppmärksammat en förändring i den kriminella klientelen, med specifikt fokus på prostitution och narkotikahandel. Denna rapport ämnar därför att, genom en kvalitativ ansats, undersöka hotellanställdas upplevelser av förekomsten av dessa brottstyper på olika hotell samt att se om det skett någon förändring i förekomsten under covid-19-pandemin. Genom att intervjua personal på olika hotell i Malmö och Lund var det möjligt att undersöka upplevelser av förekomsten samt den potentiella förändring som uppmärksammats. Upplevelserna av förekomsten av prostitution och narkotikahandel verkar variera mellan de två städerna där hotellen i Lund menade att brottstyperna är sällsynta, medan hotellet i Malmö upplevt mer frekventa händelser. Samtliga menar även att det varit få förändringar i förekomsten av dessa brottstyper sedan början av pandemin fram tills idag och de förändringar som har skett har varit minskningar. Slutsatserna är att brottstyperna inte är vanligt förekommande på de hotell som tillfrågats och att brottstyperna varit relativt stabila och i vissa fall minskat under covid-19-pandemin. / During the current covid-19 pandemic the Police authority in Malmö has received information from local hotels that a more prominent criminal clientele has been observed, a criminal clientele involved in drug trade and prositution. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative report is to gather further information from the employees of hotels about their perceived picture of this more prominent criminality. In addition to this, the report aims to compare how the employees perceive the current frequency of crimes, compared to before the pandemic severely diminished the number of guests staying at the hotel. Interviews were conducted with employees at hotels in Malmö and Lund to study both questions to give a better understanding of the framework of the problem. The results show that the perceived frequency of drug trade and prostitution varies between the two cities. The three hotels from Lund describe the two crime types as a rare occurrence. Malmö on the other hand, where only one hotel participated, had experienced a larger frequency of both of the studied crime types. All the hotels from both cities are however unanimous in that they don’t see a big difference between pre-pandemic times and spring of 2021 when this report was conducted. If anything, the changes they have seen has been that the numbers are dropping.

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[pt] A presente dissertação Da rua à quarentena: um estudo sobre trabalho sexual de pessoas transexuais no contexto da pandemia da covid-19 tem como objetivo principal analisar o aumento das violências sofridas por pessoas transexuais trabalhadoras do sexo no contexto da pandemia da covid-19. Vislumbrando compreender as condições de trabalho vivenciadas pelas pessoas transexuais e os tipos de violência as quais foram acometidas nesse período de pandemia, principalmente nos meses de recomendação de lockdown, fizemos um recorte temporal compreendido entre 2020 e 2021. Com uma leitura feminista, decolonial e crítica, buscamos na pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, dados para uma maior compreensão da realidade vivenciada por pessoas transexuais trabalhadoras do sexo. Como procedimento metodológico, analisamos os dossiês anuais elaborados pela Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais (ANTRA) intitulados “Assassinatos e Violências contra as Pessoas Trans” dos últimos 2 (dois) anos, ou seja, anos de 2020 e 2021. Compreendemos que a análise desse material trouxe dados comparativos para a observação do aumento das violências sofridas por pessoas transexuais no período da pandemia, principalmente entre as trabalhadoras do sexo. A escolha pelos dossiês se deu pela dificuldade de localizarmos dados sobre a população trans, o que revela o quanto essa população não é reconhecida, bem como demonstrou as subnotificações de dados sobre essa população. A pesquisa evidenciou que o aumento da violência sofrida pela população transexual no período da pandemia, principalmente entre as trabalhadoras do sexo, expõe uma relação de condição laboral de extrema precarização, informalidade e desemprego, onde o mundo do trabalho determina quais trabalhadoras exercerão trabalhos formais, informais, precários e as que não terão possibilidade de vender sua força de trabalho. / [en] This dissertation From the street to the quarantine: a study on sex work by transgender people in the context of the covid-19 pandemic has as main objective to analyze he increase in violence suffered by transsexual sex workers in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. Aiming to understand the working conditions experienced by transsexuals and the types of violence they were subjected to during the pandemic period, especially during the months when lockdown was recommended, we used a timeframe between 2020 and 2021. With a feminist, decolonial, and critical reading, we sought data from documentary and bibliographical research for a better understanding of the reality experienced by transsexual sex workers. As a methodological procedure, we analyzed the annual dossiers prepared by the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals (ANTRA) entitled Murders and Violence against Trans People from the last 2 (two) years, that is, the years 2020 and 2021. We understand that the of material brought comparative data for the observation of the increase in violence suffered by transsexual people in the period of the pandemic, especially among sex workers. The choice for the Dossiers was due to the difficulty in locating data about the trans population, which reveals how much this population is denied and invisibilized, as well as demonstrated the underreporting of data about this population. The research showed that the increase in violence suffered by the transgender population in the pandemic period, especially among sex workers, exposes a relationship of labor condition of extreme precariousness, informality and unemployment where the world of work determines which workers will exercise formal, informal, precarious jobs and those who will not have the possibility of selling their labor force.

The Swedish Sex Purchase Act was unique, when introduced in 1999. While it was legal to demand and collect payment for sexual services it became a crime to respond to such demands or offer payment. It is now part of Sweden’s foreign policy to ‘export’ this law, using gender equality arguments. Several countries have since followed. The law is often portrayed as a triumph of feminism and women’s political struggles. The law is gender neutral however and applies equally to e.g. MSM sex trade (Men who have Sex with Men), a phenomenon that the normal gender equality arguments do not capture. ‘Homosexual prostitution’ was initially argued in the legislative proceedings, to be so different from heterosexual prostitution, that the scientific investigator raised concerns if one-sided criminalisation was considered by legislators. Yet, this is what happened. This study traces exactly how this came to be, analysing legislative documents and debates, focusing on heteronormative reasonings. In the final round of legislation the question had entirely disappeared. MSM sex trade or culture was not even mentioned and can be seen as heteronormative collateral damage.

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