Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a public health problem andprimarily affects women. Almost 30% of all women who have been in arelationship with a man, have experienced physical or sexual violence by theirpartner in their life. Even though sexual violence is being investigated inIndia, the determinants of sexual violence are thus far little investigated,specifically the determinants of IPSV. The purpose of the study was toexamine the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of IPSV againstwomen in India. The study was carried out using a quantitative method basedon secondary data from the National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4). Thevariables used was age, residential area, education, religion, wealth index andemployment (current/all year/seasonal). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square testand a multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.The results indicated that younger women experienced more IPSV than olderwomen, and women in rural areas lived through more IPSV than women inurban areas. However, were women with urban residency were more likely tobe exposed to IPSV, which indicates that urban residency can be a risk factorfor sexual violence. A remarkable finding was that the prevalence of IPSVamong working women was higher (9%) than nonworking women (6%), butthat the adjusted ORs showed no correlation between working status andIPSV. Current study has added further evidence of IPSV in India, usingnationally representative samples. Younger women with lower educationshould be emphasized and seen as a risk group for IPSV. An in-depth studyregarding the partner’s characteristics in India is warranted and an importantstep to chart additional determinants for IPSV. / <p>Betyg i Ladok 201214.</p>

O objeto deste estudo foi o processo de construção da resiliência em mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual. A violência sexual contra a mulher é um problema antigo no mundo, onde o Brasil dispõe de elevadas estatísticas. As justificativas para a violência contra a mulher constroem-se sob normas e preceitos sociais de gênero, os quais definem as diferenças nos papéis e responsabilidades dos homens e das mulheres na sociedade e na família. As consequências físicas e psicológicas para a mulher em situação de violência sexual são alarmantes, podendo ocasionar traumas por longo prazo ou até mesmo para a vida inteira, impedindo-a de retomar seus direitos humanos e de se reinserirem em suas famílias e na sociedade. Entretanto, após a vivência de uma violência algumas mulheres têm seus comportamentos transformados a fim de retomarem o curso de suas vidas. Tais comportamentos dizem respeito à postura resiliente diante à violência sexual vivida e à sua superação. Reconhecendo este comportamento como uma nova possibilidade de promoção da saúde dessas mulheres, traçou-se como objetivo geral do estudo compreender o processo de construção da resiliência em mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, realizada através da coleta da história de vida com seis mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual atendidas em um hospital municipal do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil), referência no atendimento dessas mulheres. Os dados produzidos foram interpretados à luz da modalidade temática da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Deste processo emergiram duas categorias: A violência sexual vivida expressa nas atitudes do cotidiano: sentimentos e emoções e A resiliência de mulheres em situação de violência sexual. Na primeira categoria identificaram-se as atitudes, sentimentos e emoções decorrentes da adversidade. Destacaram-se os sentimentos de medo, tristeza, culpa e perda como sendo as principais mudanças ocorridas com a violência. Na segunda categoria emergiram elementos existentes na vida das mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual e que favoreceram no processo de construção da resiliência, sendo os aspectos individuais, familiares e sociais. A pesquisa considerou que a resiliência é elemento fundamental na promoção da saúde das mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual assim como uma oportunidade de melhoria de sua qualidade de vida, uma vez que reduz os agravos decorrentes dessa violência e incorpora sentido de vida, serenidade, autoconfiança, autossuficiência e perseverança na vida da mulher. Contudo, a resiliência para ser desenvolvida precisa além dos aspectos individuais da mulher, uma rede de apoio familiar e social significativa e eficaz. A consulta de Enfermagem estabelecida nos princípios da humanização, integralidade e dialogicidade entre profissional e a mulher, seja nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família ou nos ambientes ambulatoriais e hospitalares, caracteriza-se como campo fértil na promoção e apoio a essa rede familiar e social. A enfermeira torna-se facilitadora na construção da resiliência em mulheres em situação de violência sexual, onde é preciso oferecer escuta sensível e sem preconceitos, incentivar a construção de sentido de vida, a recuperação da autoestima e autoconfiança e de sua reinserção social. / The object of this study was the process of building resilience in women who experienced sexual violence. Sexual violence against women is an old problem in the world, where Brazil has the highest statistics. The justifications for violence against women are built in norms and social precepts of gender, which define the differences in roles and responsibilities of men and women in society and family. The physical and psychological consequences for women in situations of sexual violence are alarming and can cause injury by long-term or even for life, preventing her from resuming their human rights and his reintroduce the family and society. However, after the experience of violence some women have changed their behavior in order to resume the course of their lives. These behaviors relate to resilient stance on sexual violence experienced, which concerns the overcoming of adversity. Recognizing this behavior as a new opportunity to promote the health of these women, traced to the general objective of the study: understanding the process of building resilience in women who experienced sexual violence. Developed an exploratory qualitative approach, carried out by collecting life history with six women who experienced sexual violence treated at a municipal hospital in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), a reference to meet these women. The data obtained were interpreted in the light of a thematic content analysis of Bardin. From this process emerged two categories: sexual violence experienced in the expressed attitudes of everyday life: feelings and emotions and the resilience of women in situations of sexual violence. In the first category identified the attitudes, feelings and emotions arising from adversity. The highlights were the feelings of fear, sadness, guilt and loss as the main changes to the violence. In the second category emerged existing elements in the lives of women who experienced sexual violence and who favored the process of building resilience, and individual aspects, and social allowances. The research found that resilience is a key element in promoting the health of women who experienced sexual violence as well as an opportunity to improve their quality of life, as it reduces the damages resulting from such violence and incorporates the sense of life, serenity, confidence, self-reliance and perseverance in the life of the woman. However, the resilience need to be developed than the individual aspects of the woman, a network of family and social support meaningful and effective. Consultation with nursing established on the principles of humanization, integrity and capacity for dialogue between professionals and women, whether in Strategies Family Health or hospital outpatient settings and is characterized as a fertile ground to promote and support the family and social network. The nurse becomes a facilitator in building the resilience of women in situations of sexual violence, where you need to provide sensitive listening and without bias, promoting the construction of meaning in life, recover their selfesteem and self-confidence and its re-insertion social.

O objeto deste estudo foi o processo de construção da resiliência em mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual. A violência sexual contra a mulher é um problema antigo no mundo, onde o Brasil dispõe de elevadas estatísticas. As justificativas para a violência contra a mulher constroem-se sob normas e preceitos sociais de gênero, os quais definem as diferenças nos papéis e responsabilidades dos homens e das mulheres na sociedade e na família. As consequências físicas e psicológicas para a mulher em situação de violência sexual são alarmantes, podendo ocasionar traumas por longo prazo ou até mesmo para a vida inteira, impedindo-a de retomar seus direitos humanos e de se reinserirem em suas famílias e na sociedade. Entretanto, após a vivência de uma violência algumas mulheres têm seus comportamentos transformados a fim de retomarem o curso de suas vidas. Tais comportamentos dizem respeito à postura resiliente diante à violência sexual vivida e à sua superação. Reconhecendo este comportamento como uma nova possibilidade de promoção da saúde dessas mulheres, traçou-se como objetivo geral do estudo compreender o processo de construção da resiliência em mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, realizada através da coleta da história de vida com seis mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual atendidas em um hospital municipal do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil), referência no atendimento dessas mulheres. Os dados produzidos foram interpretados à luz da modalidade temática da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Deste processo emergiram duas categorias: A violência sexual vivida expressa nas atitudes do cotidiano: sentimentos e emoções e A resiliência de mulheres em situação de violência sexual. Na primeira categoria identificaram-se as atitudes, sentimentos e emoções decorrentes da adversidade. Destacaram-se os sentimentos de medo, tristeza, culpa e perda como sendo as principais mudanças ocorridas com a violência. Na segunda categoria emergiram elementos existentes na vida das mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual e que favoreceram no processo de construção da resiliência, sendo os aspectos individuais, familiares e sociais. A pesquisa considerou que a resiliência é elemento fundamental na promoção da saúde das mulheres que vivenciaram violência sexual assim como uma oportunidade de melhoria de sua qualidade de vida, uma vez que reduz os agravos decorrentes dessa violência e incorpora sentido de vida, serenidade, autoconfiança, autossuficiência e perseverança na vida da mulher. Contudo, a resiliência para ser desenvolvida precisa além dos aspectos individuais da mulher, uma rede de apoio familiar e social significativa e eficaz. A consulta de Enfermagem estabelecida nos princípios da humanização, integralidade e dialogicidade entre profissional e a mulher, seja nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família ou nos ambientes ambulatoriais e hospitalares, caracteriza-se como campo fértil na promoção e apoio a essa rede familiar e social. A enfermeira torna-se facilitadora na construção da resiliência em mulheres em situação de violência sexual, onde é preciso oferecer escuta sensível e sem preconceitos, incentivar a construção de sentido de vida, a recuperação da autoestima e autoconfiança e de sua reinserção social. / The object of this study was the process of building resilience in women who experienced sexual violence. Sexual violence against women is an old problem in the world, where Brazil has the highest statistics. The justifications for violence against women are built in norms and social precepts of gender, which define the differences in roles and responsibilities of men and women in society and family. The physical and psychological consequences for women in situations of sexual violence are alarming and can cause injury by long-term or even for life, preventing her from resuming their human rights and his reintroduce the family and society. However, after the experience of violence some women have changed their behavior in order to resume the course of their lives. These behaviors relate to resilient stance on sexual violence experienced, which concerns the overcoming of adversity. Recognizing this behavior as a new opportunity to promote the health of these women, traced to the general objective of the study: understanding the process of building resilience in women who experienced sexual violence. Developed an exploratory qualitative approach, carried out by collecting life history with six women who experienced sexual violence treated at a municipal hospital in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), a reference to meet these women. The data obtained were interpreted in the light of a thematic content analysis of Bardin. From this process emerged two categories: sexual violence experienced in the expressed attitudes of everyday life: feelings and emotions and the resilience of women in situations of sexual violence. In the first category identified the attitudes, feelings and emotions arising from adversity. The highlights were the feelings of fear, sadness, guilt and loss as the main changes to the violence. In the second category emerged existing elements in the lives of women who experienced sexual violence and who favored the process of building resilience, and individual aspects, and social allowances. The research found that resilience is a key element in promoting the health of women who experienced sexual violence as well as an opportunity to improve their quality of life, as it reduces the damages resulting from such violence and incorporates the sense of life, serenity, confidence, self-reliance and perseverance in the life of the woman. However, the resilience need to be developed than the individual aspects of the woman, a network of family and social support meaningful and effective. Consultation with nursing established on the principles of humanization, integrity and capacity for dialogue between professionals and women, whether in Strategies Family Health or hospital outpatient settings and is characterized as a fertile ground to promote and support the family and social network. The nurse becomes a facilitator in building the resilience of women in situations of sexual violence, where you need to provide sensitive listening and without bias, promoting the construction of meaning in life, recover their selfesteem and self-confidence and its re-insertion social.

Pornografi konsumeras dagligen av många, samtidigt ses det som en riskfaktor för milda attityder till sexuellt våld. Pornografins skadliga konsekvenser är omdiskuterat och det föreligger brister gällande kunskapen om dess samband med sexuella attityder. Den aktuella studien syftade till att undersöka attityder gällande sexuellt våld mot kvinnor relaterat till pornografikonsumtion och kön. En tvärsnittsdesign användes och datainsamling genomfördes via en webbenkät där totalt 449 respondenter deltog (130 män; 319 kvinnor). Resultatet påvisade ett signifikant positivt samband mellan attityder till sexuellt våld och pornografikonsumtion bland män men inte bland kvinnor. En signifikant skillnad i attityder påvisades mellan de med hög respektive låg pornografikonsumtion bland kvinnor men inte bland män. Män hade mildare attityder till sexuellt våld och högre pornografikonsumtion än kvinnor. Slutligen hade de som ofta konsumerade pornografi med våldsinslag mildare attityder än de som sällan gjorde det. För att motverka pornografins skadliga konsekvenser är ett förslag att reglera produktion och konsumtion av pornografi, samt satsa på normkritisk sexualundervisning i skolan. / Pornography is daily consumed by many, at the same time it is regarded as a risk factor for more positive attitudes towards sexual violence. The harmful consequences of pornography is controversial and there is a lack of knowledge regarding its relationship with sexual attitudes. The purpose of the present study was to examine attitudes toward sexual violence against women related to pornography consumption and gender. A cross-sectional study design was used and the data were collected through an online survey with a total of 449 respondents (130 men; 319 women). The results showed a significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexual violence and pornography in men but not in women. A difference between those who had a high respectively low pornography consumption were found in women but not men. Men had more positive attitudes toward sexual violence and also reported a higher consumption compared to women. Finally, individuals who often consumed violent pornography had milder attitudes than those who rarely did so. To counteract the harmful consequences of pornography, a suggestion is to regulate the production and consumption of pornography as well as investing in norm-critical sexual education in school.

Bakgrund: Att kvinnor utsätts för sexuellt våld är ett globalt problem. Kvinnor uppleva skuld och skam efter att ha utsatts för sexuellt våld vilket kan bidra till att de undviker att söka vård. Vårdpersonalen har en viktig roll i mötet med sexuellt våldsutsatta. Mötet bidrar till kvinnors uppfattning av vården och dess läkningsprocess utformas av mötet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sexuellt våldsutsatta kvinnors erfarenheter av mötet med vårdpersonalen inom olika vårdinstanser. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt som inkluderar 11 originalartiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Redovisas i kategorier: Utmaningar i mötet och Det goda mötet. Utmaningar i mötet beskrivs i underkategorier: Att känna uppgivenhet och misstro samt Att vara till besvär. Det goda mötet beskrivs i underkategorier: Att uppleva stöd samt Att uppleva medkänsla och lyhördhet. Slutsats: Det finns förbättringsmöjligheter i vården gällande vårdpersonals möte med sexuellt våldsutsatta kvinnor. Vissa kvinnor upplever mötet som vårdande men majoriteten upplevde mötet som icke vårdande till följd av att vårdpersonal bland annat visade brist på empati. Genom att utöka kunskap och forskning av mötet med sexuellt våldsutsatta kvinnor möjliggörs förbättring av omvårdnad till denna patientgrupp. / Background: Women subjected to sexual violence is a global problem. Women can experience shame and guilt. This contributes to women not seeking healthcare. Healthcare staff has an important role in meeting with women who have suffered sexual violence. The meeting contributes to women's perception of healthcare and the healing process is shaped by the meeting. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women's experiences of meeting with healthcare staff after being subjected to sexual violence in care agencies. Method: Literature review that included 11 original articles with a qualitative approach. Results: Presented in categories: Challenges in the meeting and The good meeting. Challenges in the meeting are described in subcategories: Feeling abandoned and distrustful and Being an inconvenience. The good meeting is described in subcategories: Feeling support and Feeling compassion and sensitivity in the meeting. Conclusion: There are improvements regarding healthcare staff encounters with women subjected to sexual violence. Some women experience the meeting as caring, the majority experience the meeting as non-caring due to healthcare staff’s lack of empathy etcetera. By expanding knowledge and research of the encounter with women who experienced sexual violence enables improvement of nursing.

Sexual violence against women is a broad and serious problem all over the world, but South Africa is one of the countries that stand out with their high statistics, where women are mostly targeted and exposed to this violation. At the same time, there are many women’s and human right’s organisations in South Africa working to address sexual violence and support survivors and fighting for equality between men and women. In this study, five organisations have been interviewed, whereof four of them are working with religious leaders as an approach to fights sexual violence. The result and analysis suggest the importance of both women’s and human rights organisations as norm entrepreneurs, as well as the importance of religious leaders as local actors to facilitate the work of internalizing gender equality and fight sexual violence. The mentoring and support from organisations and the work with religious leaders have shown positive progress in several areas of their work to localize and internalize gender equality. However, the organisations are facing limitations in their work with religious leaders which might limit the progress of localization and internalization.

Sexual violence against women is not only a serious public health problem of epidemic proportions, it’s also a violation of women’s human rights. The devastating consequences of these events on women’s health have been widely documented. The overarching purpose of this thesis is therefore to explore why public healthcare facilities around the world often fail to provide victims of sexual violence with mental healthcare of good quality that is available, accessible and acceptable. In order to investigate this, the legal grounds of specialized healthcare for victims of sexual violence was documented. Secondly, an exploration of whether the Swedish healthcare system provides victims of sexual violence with access to the highest attainable standard of mental healthcare was carried out. Lastly, the history of violence against women was explored in order to identify reasons for why the right to mental healthcare often fail to work in practice for female victims of sexual violence despite apparent agreements. Also, constructive suggestions are put forth regarding what governments can do to provide victims of sexual violence with access to the highest attainable standard of mental healthcare. An interdisciplinary approach of political sociology was used to illustrate the multiple dimensions of human rights. The findings suggest that the right to mental health is an integrated part of the right to health and thus a fundamental right for all human beings. However, the results indicate that the right to mental healthcare for women who have been subjected to sexual violence is not available, accessible and of good quality within the Swedish healthcare system. The study concludes that one of the main barriers to make the right to mental healthcare accessible for this group of patients is the lack of an officially recognized name that include the many different syndromes these women suffer. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research.

No description available.