Introdução: Células tronco mesenquimais (CTM) são uma população residente nos tecidos adultos de origem mesodérmica, com funções regenerativas de manutenção da integridade tecidual, com destaque no desempenho imunomodulador. Esse aspecto levou as CTM a tornarem-se ferramentas terapêuticas valiosas da pesquisa à assistência ao paciente em doenças autoimunes e de cunho inflamatório. Além disso, CTM podem ser isoladas de materiais tidos como descarte de procedimentos, como dentes decíduos, filtros de transplante de medula óssea e gordura. Nesse panorama, torna-se necessário estabelecer o efeito que a origem tecidual tem na eficiência imunoreguladora e na possível aplicabilidade clínica destas células. Objetivo: Comparar o potencial imunomodulador de células mesenquimais isoladas a partir de filtros descartados após a infusão de medula óssea, de lipoaspirado e de polpa de dentes decíduos. Métodos: Foi realizada a comparação da capacidade proliferativa de CTMs, cultivadas na presença de lisado plaquetário, das diversas fontes através do cálculo de population doubling das CTM em co-cultura com linfócitos T isolados em coluna magnética e com células mononucleares de sangue periférico, estimuladas com fitohemaglutinina; e determinado por citometria de fluxo o efeito das CTM das diversas fontes sobre as subpopulações linfocitárias. Resultados: CTM das três fontes foram capazes de inibir a proliferação de linfócitos e CTM de tecido adiposo foram mais eficientes em induzir o fenótipo de células T reguladoras e na diminuição de células T citotóxicas. Conclusão: comparadas à CTM isoladas de medula óssea e de polpa dentária, as CTM originadas de tecido adiposo exibem efeito imunomodulador mais acentuado. / Background: Mesenchymla stromal cells (MSC) reside in most adult tissue of mesenchymal origen, with a broad functions envolving cell repopulation and maintenence of tissue homeostasis, trough immunemmodulatory action. MSC are valuable terapêutic instruments applied from research to autoimune and inflamatory diseases. MSC can be isolated from diverse discarted biological matherials, like lipoaspirate, exfoliated deciduous teeeth and boné marrow ransplant filters. There so it´s necessary to stablish how source can impact MSC efficiency and possible clinical aplications. Objective: Compare immunomodulatory potential of adipose MSC and dental pulp MSC to boné marrow MSC. Methods: MSC from three selected sources were cocultured with phytohemaglutinin stimulated and magnetically isolated T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells; immunephenotype of cocultivated lymphocytes were also conducted. Results: MSC from all analyzed sources were capable to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. Adipose MSC were capable to induce Treg phenotype and decrease T CD8+ limphocytes. Conclusion: Cell culture and therapy with MSC present many paradigms and we address to some of those to elucidate the possible most efficient source.

O presente estudo utilizou o modelo fatia-dental/matriz-polimérica para avaliar a influência do tratamento dentinário e das BMPs dentinárias na diferenciação das células-tronco da polpa de dentes decíduos (SHED). Secções transversais (1mm) foram preparadas a partir de terceiros molares humanos extraídos. Matrizes poliméricas a base de ácido poli-L-lático (PLLA) foram criadas no interior da cavidade pulpar das secções dentinárias, tratadas com solução de EDTA a 10%; NaOCl a 5.25%; ou permanecendo sem tratamento. Matrizes poliméricas confeccionadas sem as fatias dentais foram utilizadas como controle. As células (5x104) foram semeadas nas matrizes e, após 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de cultura in vitro, a expressão de marcadores de diferenciação odontoblástica (DSPP, DMP1 e MEPE) e a proliferação celular (WST-1) foram avaliadas. Células (5x105) semeadas nas matrizes foram transplantadas em camundongos imunodeficientes e cultivadas in vivo por um período de 14 e 28 dias. Para avaliar a atividade das BMPs dentinárias, 5x104 células foram semeadas em matrizes poliméricas com fatia dental e cultivadas na presença de anticorpos anti-BMP- 2, -4, ou -7 (2 μg/ml) durante 14 dias. Adicionalmente, 5x105 células foram tratadas com rhBMP-2, -4, ou -7 (100ng/mL) por 24hs. As células cultivadas in vitro e in vivo alteraram sua expressão genética durante o curso do tempo. DSPP, DMP-1 e MEPE foram expressos por células cultivadas in vitro após 14 dias (tratamento com EDTA e dentina sem tratamento) e in vivo após 28 dias (EDTA), não sendo detectados nos grupos NaOCl e nas células cultivadas nas matrizes sem fatia dental. A proliferação foi reduzida com a diferenciação celular (p<0.05). A utilização de BMP-2/4Ab no meio de cultura exerceu um efeito inibitório na expressão dos marcadores de diferenciação celular, não ocorrendo quando do cultivo das SHED na presença de BMP-7Ab. DSPP, DMP-1 e MEPE foram expressos por células tratadas com rhBMP-2, e DSPP e DMP-1 por células tratadas com rhBMP-4 e -7. Células sem tratamento não expressaram os marcadores. O modelo fatia-dental/matriz-polimérica demonstrou ser adequado para o estudo da diferenciação de células-tronco pulpares, sugerindo que a dentina possa fornecer um microambiente favorável para a diferenciação de celular. As proteínas ósseas morfogenéticas dentinárias BMP-2 e BMP-4 parecem exercer um papel relevante nesse processo. / The effect of dentin pre-treatments and dentin-derived BMPs on SHED differentiation was tested using the Tooth-Slice Scaffold model (TSS). Dentin slices (1mm thickness) were prepared from extracted human third molars. Biodegradable PLLA scaffolds were prepared inside the pulp chamber of the tooth-slices, treated alternatively with a 5.25% NaOCl or 10% EDTA solution, or remaining untreated (WO-T). PLLA sponge scaffolds with no tooth-slice (PSS) were used as control. SHED (5x104) were seeded in TSS and PSS and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in culture, RT-PCR (DSPP, DMP1 and MEPE) and WST-1 proliferation assay were performed. Additionally, cells (5x105) were seeded in TSS and PSS and transplanted into SCID mice (14 and 28 days). To verify the dentinderived BMPs bioactivity, SHED (5x104) were cultured in TSS in the presence of antihuman BMP-2, -4, and -7 antibodies for 14 days. Besides, cells in culture were treated with rhBMP-2; -4; or -7 for 24 hours. After in vitro and in vivo time course, SHED altered their genetic expression. The cells cultured in vitro in the TSS (EDTA or WO-T) expressed the differentiation markers after 14 days and maintained expression thereafter. Cell proliferation rate was reduced following the differentiation (p<0.05). Cells transplanted in vivo expressed DSPP, DMP-1 and MEPE after 28 days (EDTA). No transcripts were found in tooth-slices treated with NaOCl or in PSS groups. BMP-2/4Ab prevented the differentiation process and no inhibitory effect was detected for BMP-7Ab. After 24 hours, expression of DSPP, DMP-1 and MEPE was found for rhBMP-2, and DSPP and DMP-1 for rhBMP-4 and rhBMP-7 treated SHED, but not for untreated cells. The tooth slice scaffold model suggests that dentin can provide the environment for SHED differentiation and dentin-derived morphogenic signals BMP-2 and BMP-4 play an important role in this process.

The Master’s Thesis deals with the design of a wellness centre and guesthouse in Ostrava. The building is in the shape of letter V with a cut corner. The wellness part consists of one and two above-ground floors and the guesthouse consists of three. The guesthouse has eleven accommodation units. Five of the units are equipped with balconies of reinforced concrete. All roof planes have a 15° slope, are non-walkable and covered by a shed roof. The supporting structure is longitudinal with cross reinforcing walls. The whole structure is made of ceramic bricks. The building does not have any basement and stands on base belts.

The thesis deals a project documentation of Crematorium with Ceremonial Hall in Kuřim. The building is located close to the existing cemetery on the outskirts of the city. The object is designed as a detached building, in the middle of building parcel. The proposal is conceived as a modern single-storey (partly two-storey) building divided into several sub-sections with different height levels of the roof and the Ceremonial Hall exceeds the height of the entire object.

This thesis addresses the design documentation winery Hog u Hustopečí . The building is composed of functional parts wine , wineries and townhouse investor. The proposed building has two floors and is set in sloping terrain. Family house is located above the wineries . Roofed building is a flat aisle roofs.

The subject of this thesis is the design documentation for three floor object with basement. Object art school includes a concert hall. The object is located in Zábřeh and will be built in existing buildings in the city center. The building will be used for teaching and training of 500 pupils, the concert hall is for 100 visitors and 30 performers. In the basement there is a technical background - boiler room and utility room, dancing hall with accessories and several classrooms. On the first floor there is room for ventilation, facilities for pupils and their parents, dressing room, classroom for orchestr, which includes a recording studio, classroom for drums and several classrooms for the solo instrument. The Concert Hall is also located on first floor and is divided into two parts. Part for visitors, where is located treasury, foyer, dressing room and concert hall. In the part for performers are separate changing rooms and kitchen. The second floor is partially defined by the school management - there are director's office, secretariat, staff room, day room for teachers and classrooms. The third floor will serve particularly dramatic and visual department, there will be six classrooms for solo instrument or singing. Art School has three main entrances - entry to school, entrance to the concert hall for visitors and a separate one for acting. Facilities for performers is connected to the testing orchestral playing. The land is gently sloping toward the southeast. In all parts of the school will be shed roof with slight slope.

This is a detached multifunctional building in the construction of commercial and residential buildings. The building is located in České Budějovice. Multifunctional building has five floors, one underground floor and a partial basement. The building is covered single-surface vegetation and double skin roof rack. On the first floor is a multifunctional building with reception vestibule, hall of which are accessible to all businesses and also the staircase space. The first floor is also a cafe, spatially separated from the multifunctional building. The café includes restrooms and stairs to get to the hinterland own cafe, where there is room for staff, toilet and are relevant warehouses drinks and other amenities. On the second floor there is a fitness center with all facilities and sanitary facilities. The gym also includes a reception and a health food store. In the third to fifth floor are residential units. A total of 5 apartments, where 2 and 3 flats are always identical. The building is based on foundation strips of plain concrete and masonry made of POROTHERM building system with a contact system of the company ISOVER. The project has been prepared complete documentation of new multifunctional building at the level of documentation for construction. Design of the building emphasizes the static and layout, fire safety, energy savings and safety in use. Drawing documentation was realized in ArchiCAD.

The purpose of this master's thesis is to explore how priests interpret the parables in the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Mark using a hermeneutic qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews. The aim is to shed light on a selected group of priests in their roles within the context of the Church of Sweden, where interpretation is a part of their work, primarily focusing on the parables in the fourth chapter of Mark's Gospel and how this is done in interpretation, both in encounters with individuals and in preaching. An inductive approach has influenced the study, which also permeates the qualitative method with a focus on creating understanding to gain knowledge about the nature of these various phenomena among four priests. Generalization is not possible due to the small number of informants for making overall generalizations. Nor is it what has been sought. The aim of qualitative research is to gain a deeper understanding of a phenomenon and to illuminate how individuals experience it in their context. The study aims to understand how a specifically selected group of individuals, namely priests who have worked for an extended period within the Swedish Church, interpret the parables in Gospel of Mark.

With the rapidly growing need for long-term decision making in the presence of stochastic future events, it is important to devise novel mathematical optimization tools and develop computationally efficient solution approaches for solving them. Two-stage stochastic programming is one of the powerful modeling tools that allows probabilistic data parameters in mixed integer programming, a well-known tool for optimization modeling with deterministic input data. However, akin to the mixed integer programs, these stochastic models are theoretically intractable and computationally challenging to solve because of the presence of integer variables. This dissertation focuses on theory, algorithms and applications of two-stage stochastic mixed integer (non)linear programs and it has three-pronged plan. In the first direction, we study two-stage stochastic p-order conic mixed integer programs (TSS-CMIPs) with p-order conic terms in the second-stage objectives. We develop so called scenario-based (non)linear cuts which are added to the deterministic equivalent of TSS-CMIPs (a large-scale deterministic conic mixed integer program). We provide conditions under which these cuts are sufficient to relax the integrality restrictions on the second-stage integer variables without impacting the integrality of the optimal solution of the TSS-CMIP. We also introduce a multi-module capacitated stochastic facility location problem and TSS-CMIPs with structured CMIPs in the second stage to demonstrate the significance of the foregoing results for solving these problems. In the second direction, we propose risk-neutral and risk-averse two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programs for load shed recovery with uncertain renewable generation and demand. The models are implemented using a scenario-based approach where the objective is to maximize load shed recovery in the bulk transmission network by switching transmission lines and performing other corrective actions (e.g. generator re-dispatch) after the topology is modified. Experiments highlight how the proposed approach can serve as an offline contingency analysis tool, and how this method aids self-healing by recovering more load shedding. In the third direction, we develop a dual decomposition approach for solving two-stage stochastic quadratically constrained quadratic mixed integer programs. We also create a new module for an open-source package DSP (Decomposition for Structured Programming) to solve this problem. We evaluate the effectiveness of this module and our approach by solving a stochastic quadratic facility location problem. / Doctor of Philosophy / With the rapidly growing need for long-term decision making in the presence of stochastic future events, it is important to devise novel mathematical optimization tools and develop computationally efficient solution approaches for solving them. Two-stage stochastic programming is one of the powerful modeling tools that allows two-stages of decision making where the first-stage strategic decisions (such as deciding the locations of facilities or topology of a power transmission network) are taken before the realization of uncertainty, and the second-stage operational decisions (such as transportation decisions between customers and facilities or power flow in the transmission network) are taken in response to the first-stage decision and a realization of the uncertain (demand) data. This modeling tool is gaining wide acceptance because of its applications in healthcare, power systems, wildfire planning, logistics, and chemical industries, among others. Though intriguing, two-stage stochastic programs are computationally challenging. Therefore, it is crucial to develop theoretical results and computationally efficient algorithms, so that these models for real-world applied problems can be solved in a realistic time frame. In this dissertation, we consider two-stage stochastic mixed integer (non)linear programs, provide theoretical and algorithmic results for them, and introduce their applications in logistics and power systems. First, we consider a two-stage stochastic mixed integer program with p-order conic terms in the objective that has applications in facility location problem, power system, portfolio optimization, and many more. We provide a so-called second-stage convexification technique which greatly reduces the computational time to solve a facility location problem, in comparison to solving it directly with a state-of-the-art solver, CPLEX, with its default settings. Second, we introduce risk-averse and risk-neutral two-stage stochastic models to deal with uncertainties in power systems, as well as the risk preference of decision makers. We leverage the inherent flexibility of the bulk transmission network through the systematic switching of transmission lines in/out of service while accounting for uncertainty in generation and demand during an emergency. We provide abundant computational experiments to quantify our proposed models, and justify how the proposed approach can serve as an offline contingency analysis tool. Third, we develop a new solution approach for two-stage stochastic mixed integer programs with quadratic terms in the objective function and constraints and implement it as a new module for an open-source package DSP We perform computational experiments on a stochastic quadratic facility location problem to evaluate the performance of this module.

歷史學是研究人類過去活動紀錄的學問，而社會學則是研究群體關係行為的學問；早期從事歷史研究的學者，大都專注於政治軍事層面之探索，然而組成國家的基本單位，卻是為數眾多的百姓，故本文擬從研究過去群體關係行為的社會史觀點，來探討清代棚民存在所代表的意義及其影響，希冀由棚民角度審視當時相關的各項問題。 簡單來說，棚民就是一種離鄉背井，到異地山區生活的流寓者，由於他們搭蓋簡單的草棚居住，所以當地人和政府都依此而稱他們為「棚民」，藉以和土著有所區別。棚民並非源起於清代，早在明中葉，江西地區即有棚民蹤跡，不過當時人數並不多，且因其栽種麻靛而冠以「麻民」、「菁民」的稱謂，直到明末，彼等在山區日聚日眾，並趁亂四處滋擾，官方才將其改稱為所謂的「棚寇」、「棚匪」，直指他們為治安上的隱憂。 事實上，流動人口問題歷朝皆有，但清代卻對這類在山中生活的棚民特別重視，主要即因他們成群結隊於林深箐密處居住，且擁有流民去來不定、稽查匪易的特性，讓官方很擔心他們是否會聚眾謀反、意圖不軌；再則，棚民不像一般流民，以尋找臨時工作或向人乞討來勉強餬口，而是在山中栽種經濟作物或者從事工藝礦業的活動，日子一久，有些棚民甚至比當地土著還要富裕，結果竟引起對方嫉妒而發生大大小小的糾紛，造成社會不安。更甚者，棚民過度開發山區的結果，嚴重破壞當地環境，並促使水土大量流失，居住山下的土著往往飽受其害，損失難以估計。 值得一提的是，清代棚民產生的原因與一般流民不盡相同；歷代流民，大多因戰亂、饑荒、水旱災或賦役繁重而不得不離鄉背井，四處流移，然清代棚民卻是由於家鄉人口過盛、土地缺乏，為求生存，不得不外出謀生，但這時其他省分可耕平地幾乎已達飽和，於是只好往山上發展，故棚民並非一開始便打算到山裡生活；如果平地有田可耕，他們便不會入山謀生，當然也就無所謂的棚民了。所以道光中期以後，由於內亂外患頻仍，造成人口銳減，許多可耕地成為荒田，新來流民得以據此開墾，不再需要上山尋覓，棚民人數便漸漸減少，至光緒時期，雖偶在檔案中發現地方官提及棚民，卻也幾乎已經沒有所謂的棚民問題了。 雖然棚民為清代地方社會帶來治安惡化與環境破壞的負面結果，但不可否認，他們的存在與興盛，事實上正意味著當時中國人口壓迫的嚴重與人口流動的頻繁，並在某種程度上顯示了當時人口過盛、土地不足的景況。此外，棚民為求解決糧食問題，在山區普遍栽種玉米、蕃薯、洋芋等美洲作物以替代傳統稻麥裹腹，亦凸顯當時民間與官方對人口眾多而產生的糧食問題所採取的應變措施；再則，這些作物廣泛栽培，亦提供種植者一個補貼家用的機會，因為他們可以利用新式雜糧造麴釀酒、飼養牲畜，然後運至市場販售牟利，對改善窮困的傳統農業生活，助益甚多。而棚民為養家餬口所從事經濟作物栽培與工藝礦業活動，除對繁榮地方社會有一定貢獻外，也顯示當時農工商業正逐漸邁向多元化與專業化的經營。