Esta pesquisa tenciona investigar a produção artística de Cindy Sherman (1954-) e Stan Douglas (1960-), partindo da observação dos procedimentos por eles adotados para a produção de suas obras e de seu interesse comum pela natureza da cultura de massa. Pretende-se, ainda, evidenciar os tipos de convenções próprias dos suportes das mídias utilizados para suas imagens e o modus operandi que as mantêm. Grosso modo, entende-se por imagens subsidiadas pela mídia de massa aquelas que são expostas visando ao acesso em grande escala e de forma imediatista. / This study aims to shed light on the work of Cindy Sherman (1954-) and Stan Douglas (1960-), and proposes as its start-point not only the procedures that have been used by both of the artists in their creative process, but also the interest they have demonstrated in the mass culture as a subject for their work. In addiction to that, we intend to evince the type of conventions specific to the media in relation to its images and their modus operandi. By and large, it is well known that the repertoire of images subsidized by mass media correspond to those exposed in order to provide immediate access and in large scale.

Esta pesquisa tenciona investigar a produção artística de Cindy Sherman (1954-) e Stan Douglas (1960-), partindo da observação dos procedimentos por eles adotados para a produção de suas obras e de seu interesse comum pela natureza da cultura de massa. Pretende-se, ainda, evidenciar os tipos de convenções próprias dos suportes das mídias utilizados para suas imagens e o modus operandi que as mantêm. Grosso modo, entende-se por imagens subsidiadas pela mídia de massa aquelas que são expostas visando ao acesso em grande escala e de forma imediatista. / This study aims to shed light on the work of Cindy Sherman (1954-) and Stan Douglas (1960-), and proposes as its start-point not only the procedures that have been used by both of the artists in their creative process, but also the interest they have demonstrated in the mass culture as a subject for their work. In addiction to that, we intend to evince the type of conventions specific to the media in relation to its images and their modus operandi. By and large, it is well known that the repertoire of images subsidized by mass media correspond to those exposed in order to provide immediate access and in large scale.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, August, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Release of full electronic text on OhioLINK has been delayed until September 1, 2014. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99)

The thesis examines the figure of the american general William Tecumseh Sherman and his activities during the American Civil War in modern historiography. In addition, the main focus is on evaluating his military campaign in Georgia, North, and South Carolina in the years 1864-1865. Nevertheless, the emphasis is on General Sherman by the different perceptions of individual American historians. This thesis aims to evaluate the development of their perspective or to reveal their tendency and subjectivity. This work tries to present individuals perspectives on Sherman՚s campaign, which is to create an objective picture on his campaigns. Therefore, historian՚s various ideas about the campaign՚s issues, such as total and destructive war, repression or violence against the civilians, looting, and robberies, are investigated. Not only the view of historians is examined, but also the southern narrative, the perception of general contemporaries and individual participants in the march, such as escaped slaves and, last but not least, Sherman himself. Key Words: The United States of America, American Civil War, William Tecumseh Sherman, Historiography, March to the Sea, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina

Hierarchical regression was used to determine if high school community type is an effective predictor of academic success when controlling for demographics, prior academic achievement, socioeconomic status, and current commitment or work habits for students entering Austin College in 1992,1993, and 1994 . Findings revealed that there is a relationship between attending high school in community types of rural and independent town controlling for the effects of SAT scores, high school rank, sex, and late application deposit on first semester grade point average.

Ce mémoire porte sur la question du stéréotype féminin dans sa valeur construite et normative. Plus spécifiquement, nous aborderons ce type de catégorisation d'identité de genre mis en relief de manière critique par l'utilisation de stratégies du grotesque dans la série Fashion de Cindy Sherman. En substituant un canon grotesque à la représentation de la féminité à l'intérieur du champ de la photographie de mode haute couture, l'artiste met en évidence les structures qui régissent la création et le maintien d'un tel stéréotype. En premier lieu, nous procéderons à la définition de la notion de stéréotype produit dans le domaine de la représentation médiatique pour démontrer comment celui-ci est naturalisé et partagé culturellement. À l'aide de théories féministes, nous ciblerons la particularité du stéréotype dans sa version « féminine » en tant que sujet passif et soumis à un regard de type masculin. En nous basant sur la pensée foucaldienne, nous verrons qu'un ensemble de règles et de codes identitaires sera intégré à titre de normes dans une discipline du corps féminin. Dans un deuxième temps, nous cernerons de manières conceptuelle et historique la particularité de la mode qui, bien que faite de changements subits et aléatoires, sous-tend une vision statique de la différence des sexes en catégories de genre. Également, nous définirons le vêtement en tant que symbole de mascarade de la féminité qui exige la participation de la femme au jeu de la séduction. Enfin, nous verrons que les stratégies visuelles humoristiques permettent d'appuyer les discours critiques et politiques des pratiques artistiques contemporaines par la déconstruction des structures de la représentation. En dernier lieu, nous observerons les œuvres Fashion de Cindy Sherman, en analysant l'impact qu'elles créent sur les habitudes du corps-regardant par l'insertion de personnages qui défient les conventions de la féminité en mode. En transgressant les limites du présenté et du présentable en photographie de haute couture, l'artiste démontre que la femme est confinée à une logique de domination qui régule sa conduite par diverses instances externes et internes : le regard de l'autre, le rire, l'association de la féminité à la moralité, l'enveloppe vestimentaire, la maîtrise des limites du corps. Au terme de ces recherches, les stratégies du grotesque observées dans l'œuvre de Sherman nous apparaissent comme étant des outils particulièrement efficaces pour permettre une déconstruction de la vision stéréotypée du genre féminin ainsi qu'une mise en évidence des structures qui conditionnent le regard du spectatorat. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : art contemporain, Cindy Sherman, Fashion, stéréotype, genre, féminisme, représentation, mode, humour, grotesque.

The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the current status of the Sherman Act's application to the professions, with emphasis on the accounting profession. This was further stated as two purposes. 1. The primary purpose was to interpret the historical development and current status of the most important defenses used in the courts by the professions and professionals against alleged violations of the Sherman Act. 2. The second purpose was to evaluate the relative importance of variables, including the defenses used, that have affected the outcomes of court cases involving alleged violations of the Sherman Act.

Though bound historically through hundreds of years, the African-Native American relation has not received much attention by scholars of literature; hence, the emphasis of this thesis is to investigate the literary portrayal of the interethnic relation between African Americans and Native Americans through the blues trope. The blues trope provides an intriguing literary platform for the psychological and physical struggles in finding an identity within such a diverse multiethnic society like the United States. For African American writer Alice Walker and Native American author Sherman Alexie the blues trope is a successful literary device in expressing long lost and rediscovered emotions, identities and hopes among an ever growing multiethnic nation.

This thesis reads the fiction and poetry of Spokane/Coeur d’Alene writer Sherman Alexie as predominantly urban Indian literature. The primary experience of the growing majority of American Indians in the twenty-first century consists in the various threats and opportunities presented by urban living, yet contemporary criticism of literature by (and about) American Indians continues to focus on the representations of life for those tribally enrolled American Indians living on reservations, under the jurisdiction of tribal governments. This thesis provides critical responses to Alexie’s contemporary literary representations of those Indians living apart from tribal lands and the communities and traditions contained therein. I argue that Alexie’s multifaceted representations of Indians in the city establish intelligible urban voices that speak across tribal boundaries to those urban Indians variously engaged in creating diverse Indian communities, initiating new urban traditions, and adapting to the anonymities and visibilities that characterise city living. The thesis takes a broadly linear chronological structure, beginning with Alexie’s first published collection of short stories and concluding with his most recent works. Each chapter isolates for examination a distinct aspect of Alexie’s urban Indian literature, so demonstrating a potential new critical methodology for reading urban Indian literatures. I open with a short piece explaining my position as a white, British scholar of the heavily politicised field of American Indian literary studies, before the introductory chapter positions Alexie in the wider body of Indian literatures and establishes the historical grounds for the aims and claims of my research. Chapter one is primarily concerned with the short story ‘Distances’, from The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993), and the Ghost Dance religion of the late nineteenth century, reading Alexie’s representations of this phenomenon as explorations of the historical and political tensions that divide those Indians living on tribal lands and those living in cities. Chapter two discusses the difficulties of maintaining a tribal identity when negotiating this divide towards the city, analysing the politics of indigenous artistic expression and reception in Alexie’s first novel, Reservation Blues (1995). Alexie’s second novel, Indian Killer (1996), signals the relocation of his literary aesthetics to the city streets, and chapter three detects and unravels the anti-essentialist impulse in Alexie’s (mis)use of the distinctly urban mystery thriller genre. Grief, death and ritual are explored in chapter four, which focusses on selected stories from Ten Little Indians (2003), and explains Alexie’s characters’ need for new, urban traditions with reference to an ethics of grieving. Chapter five connects the politics of time travel to the representation of trauma in Flight (2007), and addresses Alexie’s representations of violence in Ten Little Indians and The Toughest Indian in the World (2000), proposing that it is the structural violences of daily life, rather than the murder and beatings found throughout his work, that leave lasting impressions on urban Indian subjectivities. My conclusion brings together my approaches to Alexie’s urban Indian literature, and suggests further areas for research.

Thesis (M.A. (History of Arts))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.