Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Comment les conventions sociales se développent-elles dans les jeux entre enfants de 3 à 7 ans ? L’objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre la co-construction de significations à travers l’étude des détournements d’usages d’objets. Très peu d’études s’intéressent au développement des usages d’objets chez l’enfant après 3 ans au sein de situations sociales et communicatives. La présente thèse vise donc à combler ce vide et suppose que les compétences symboliques enfantines examinées via les usages d’objets se développent entre 3 et 7 ans.Trois études ont été réalisées avec des dyades d’enfants de 3, 4, 5 et 7 ans. Les mêmes objets sont présentés dans chaque étude. La première étude est un jeu libre, sans contrainte. La deuxième invite les enfants à faire de l’humour avec les objets. La troisième est la plus contraignante du point de vue des détournements d’usages d’objets. Les enfants doivent prétendre préparer un repas n’ayant que des objets inadéquats pour le faire. Dans le jeu libre, les principaux résultats montrent que les enfants de 3 ans sont déjà très compétents pour détourner les objets. En revanche, la création d’usages détournés humoristiques est moins élaborée à 3 et 4 ans qu’à 7 ans. Enfin, dans le jeu du repas, les enfants de 3, 4 et 5 ans développent des significations moins complexes que les enfants de 7 ans. Ainsi, plus le jeu est contraint, plus les enfants de 3, 4 et 5 ans ont des difficultés à détourner et s’accorder sur de nouvelles fonctions pour les objets. Ces résultats apportent un regard nouveau sur les relations entre conventions sociales, jeu entre pairs, usages d’objets et théorie de l’esprit dans le champ de la psychologie du développement. / How do social conventions develop in children’s play between the ages of 3 and 7 years? The aim of the present research was to improve current understanding of the co-construction of meanings by investigating symbolic uses of objects. Very few studies have focused on the use of objects in social and communicative situations among children beyond the age of 3 years. The purpose of the current thesis was thus to fill this gap, based on the assumption that children's symbolic skills, examined here via the use of objects, develop between the ages of 3 and 7. Three studies were conducted with dyads of 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-year-old children. The same objects were used in each study. The first study consisted of free, unrestricted play. In the second one, the children were invited to play in a humoristic way with objects. The third one was the most constraining in terms of symbolic uses of objects, as the children had to pretend that they were preparing a meal, but were not given the appropriate objects. Results for the unrestricted play study, showed that the 3-year-olds were already very skilled at using objects in a symbolic way. However, the creation of humoristic symbolic uses was less elaborated in the 3- and 4-year-olds than in the 7-year-olds. Finally, for the pretend meal, the 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds developed less complex meanings than the 7-year-olds. Thus, the greater the level of constraint, the greater the difficulty for the 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds in using objects in a symbolic way, and the greater the difficulty in agreeing on new functions for such objects. These results shed new light on the relationship between social conventions, children’s play, object uses and theory of mind in the field of developmental psychology.

La présente étude s’intéresse particulièrement au concept mathématique de fraction et à son enseignement-apprentissage au cycle 3 de l’école primaire en France. Ce concept étant souvent difficile à comprendre par les élèves, il est introduit formellement dès la classe de CM1 du cycle 3 de l’école primaire.L’objectif de cette recherche a été, dans un premier temps, l’étude de l’enseignement des fractions. Pour ce faire, sont analysées les situations d’apprentissage qui proposent des activités portant sur les fractions dans cinq manuels scolaires de mathématiques de CM1 et cinq manuels de CM2, de même collection ; le but est de connaître les différentes significations de la fraction présentes dans ces manuels.Dans un deuxième temps, l’objectif de cette recherche fut de savoir ce qu’il reste chez les élèves après qu’ils ont étudié les fractions. Pour cela, un échantillon de 275 sujets, 160 de CM1 et 115 de CM2 de l’école primaire, ont répondu à un questionnaire écrit portant sur les fractions. Le but est d’étudier les conceptions et les représentations chez ces élèves à l’égard de la notion de fraction, en particulier à l’égard des différentes significations de la fraction données par ces élèves.Dans un troisième temps, nous voulions connaître les conceptions de quelques enseignants sur la manière avec laquelle ils abordent les fractions avec leurs élèves. Pour ce faire, 8 enseignants parmi les 12 enseignants des classes concernées ont participé à l’étude.L’analyse effectuée sur les manuels scolaires a été faite à l’aide d’une grille d’analyse, les résultats de cette analyse relèvent que les activités ou les situations d’apprentissage proposées dans les manuels scolaires choisis ne sont pas réparties à égalité entre les diverses significations de la fraction. De plus, les significations de la fraction les plus présentes dans les manuels scolaires de CM1 à travers les activités analysées sont respectivement les suivantes : Partie-tout (quantité continue), Mesure, Nombre ; dans les manuels scolaires de CM2, les significations les plus présentes sont respectivement les suivantes : Nombre, Partie-tout (quantité continue) et Mesure. En revanche, les activités relatives aux autres significations sont généralement présentes, mais avec des fréquences réduites.Pour traiter de l’apprentissage des fractions chez les élèves, l’analyse s’est effectuée autour des connaissances et des représentations des élèves de CM1 et de CM2 par rapport aux différentes significations de la fraction. Cette analyse, effectuée sur les réponses des élèves sur le questionnaire, montre que la signification de la fraction la plus utilisée, par les élèves de CM1 et de CM2, est celle de Partie d’un tout (quantité continue). Les significations Nombre, Mesure, Partie d’un tout (quantité discrète) et Nombre sur une droite graduée sont présentes dans les réponses des élèves. En revanche, les autres significations sont celles qui sont les moins utilisées par les élèves. De plus, en ce qui concerne les significations manifestées de la fraction, les élèves de ces deux niveaux scolaires ne diffèrent pas beaucoup. Enfin, notre étude permet de constater que les élèves utilisent les significations de la fraction les plus fréquemment présentes dans les manuels scolaires, cela nous donne un éclairage sur l’objet de l’influence de l’enseignement des fractions sur l’apprentissage des élèves.Afin de connaître les conceptions pédagogiques et épistémologiques des enseignants sur leur manière d’aborder l’enseignement de la fraction, nous avons construit les données au moyen d’une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 8 enseignants. Les réponses à ce questionnaire ont été analysées suivant deux perspectives, pédagogique et mathématique..... / This study concerns the fraction mathematical concept, mainly in its teaching-learning in the cycle 3 of French primary school. This concept is often difficult to be understood by pupils; it is formally introduced in the CM1 class of the cycle 3 in primary school.The object of this research was, firstly, the study of fractions’ teaching. To do that, we analyzed learning situations that offer activities bearing on fractions in five math textbooks of CM1 and five math textbooks of CM2, all from the same collection ; the goal is to know the different meanings of the fraction present in these books.In a second time, the object of this research was to find out what pupils remain after they studied fractions. For that, a sample of 275 subjects, 160 from CM1 and 115 from CM2, answered to a written questionnaire bearing on fractions. The goal is to study conceptions and representations that pupils have in respect of the concept of fraction, particularly in respect of different meanings of fraction given by these pupils.In a third time, we wanted to know the opinions of a few teachers about the way in which they approach fractions at school. To do that, 8 teachers among the 12 teachers of the classes concerned participated in the study.The analysis conducted on the books was made with the help of an analysis grid; the results of this analysis point out that the activities or learning situations offered in selected books are not equally distributed between the various meanings of fraction.Moreover, the most present meanings of fraction in CM1 books through the activities analyzed are respectively the following: Part of a whole, Measurement and Number; in CM2 books, the most present meanings are respectively the following: Number, Part of a whole and Measurement. However, the activities related to the other meanings are generally present, but with a reduced frequency.To treat fractions’ learning by pupils, the analysis was made around of the knowledge and the representations of the pupils of CM1 and CM2 relative to different meanings of fraction. This analysis, performed on the pupils' answers on the questionnaire, shows that the meaning of fraction the most used by the students of CM1 and CM2, is that of Part of a whole (continuous quantity). The meanings Number, Measure, Part of a whole (discrete quantity) and Number on a number line are present in pupils' answers. However, the other meanings are those who are the less used by the pupils. Moreover, in regards to the manifested meanings of fraction, pupils of both school levels do not differ much. Finally, our study shows that pupils use the most fraction’s meanings found in books. It gives us a light on the subject of the influence of fractions’ teaching in pupils’ training.To know the epistemological and pedagogical conceptions of teachers in their approach to fraction’s teaching, we built the data by a sample survey with 8 teachers. The answers were analyzed using two perspectives, pedagogic and mathematic. For the pedagogical character analysis, a grid was built around the privileged modes of representation by the teachers and around the respective roles reserved to teacher and pupils. In parallel, we verified the mathematical value of the answers provided by the teachers. To introduce the concept of fraction, the teachers say that they give a large place to concrete or graphical representations. Also, the teachers have an important role throughout teaching and learning approaches.

Comment les conventions sociales se développent-elles dans les jeux entre enfants de 3 à 7 ans ? L'objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre la co-construction de significations à travers l'étude des détournements d'usages d'objets. Très peu d'études s'intéressent au développement des usages d'objets chez l'enfant après 3 ans au sein de situations sociales et communicatives. La présente thèse vise donc à combler ce vide et suppose que les compétences symboliques enfantines examinées via les usages d'objets se développent entre 3 et 7 ans.Trois études ont été réalisées avec des dyades d'enfants de 3, 4, 5 et 7 ans. Les mêmes objets sont présentés dans chaque étude. La première étude est un jeu libre, sans contrainte. La deuxième invite les enfants à faire de l'humour avec les objets. La troisième est la plus contraignante du point de vue des détournements d'usages d'objets. Les enfants doivent prétendre préparer un repas n'ayant que des objets inadéquats pour le faire. Dans le jeu libre, les principaux résultats montrent que les enfants de 3 ans sont déjà très compétents pour détourner les objets. En revanche, la création d'usages détournés humoristiques est moins élaborée à 3 et 4 ans qu'à 7 ans. Enfin, dans le jeu du repas, les enfants de 3, 4 et 5 ans développent des significations moins complexes que les enfants de 7 ans. Ainsi, plus le jeu est contraint, plus les enfants de 3, 4 et 5 ans ont des difficultés à détourner et s'accorder sur de nouvelles fonctions pour les objets. Ces résultats apportent un regard nouveau sur les relations entre conventions sociales, jeu entre pairs, usages d'objets et théorie de l'esprit dans le champ de la psychologie du développement.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-09-25T19:01:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ana_carolina_souza_silva.pdf: 1492209 bytes, checksum: 3555759bc0d95b0e0c2fbfd6ef279601 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T13:47:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ana_carolina_souza_silva.pdf: 1492209 bytes, checksum: 3555759bc0d95b0e0c2fbfd6ef279601 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T13:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ana_carolina_souza_silva.pdf: 1492209 bytes, checksum: 3555759bc0d95b0e0c2fbfd6ef279601 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Estudo que objetivou desvelar as significa??es atribu?das ? Educa??o Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) a partir da an?lise e interpreta??o dos sentidos e significados que professores do ensino fundamental I constitu?ram em rela??o ? mesma. Como pressupostos epistemol?gicos orientadores do estudo, adotamos a Psicologia S?cio-hist?rica e as categorias subjetividade, sentidos e significados (significa??es). Esse referencial te?rico-metodol?gico permitiu o reconhecimento das quest?es subjetivas como constitutivas do sujeito e da realidade e, portanto, fundamental para entender o processo de inclus?o da EAN pelos professores no contexto escolar. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida em tr?s escolas municipais de Diamantina/MG, com a participa??o de seis professores do ensino fundamental I. Utilizamos como t?cnica de produ??o de informa??es a entrevista semiestruturada e, para proceder a sua an?lise e interpreta??o, nos inspiramos na proposta de Aguiar e Ozella dos N?cleos de Significa??o e tamb?m na estrat?gia complementar dos N?cleos Tem?ticos. Sistematizamos, a partir das falas dos professores, tr?s N?cleos Tem?ticos, quais sejam: 1) Significa??es atribu?das pelos professores ao conceito de EAN: concep??es e implica??es na constru??o do conhecimento, 2) Processo de (n?o)inclus?o da EAN no contexto escolar: dificuldades e desafios e 3) Significa??es das a??es realizadas: o car?ter pontual, responsabiliza??o compartilhada e as possibilidades de avan?os na abordagem de EAN. Elementos tais como, a concep??o estritamente nutricional do conceito de EAN, a ideia que se t?m sobre a EAN como um assunto relevante, mas que, contraditoriamente, n?o encontram as condi??es objetivas para sua inclus?o, o car?ter pontual das a??es, a responsabiliza??o atribu?da aos profissionais da sa?de, ? escola e/ou ? fam?lia, as a??es interdisciplinares e transversais ligadas ? l?gica instrumental, a EAN como mais um conte?do a ser trabalhado constituem os sentidos subjetivos atribu?dos pelos professores ? EAN e justificam a sua n?o inclus?o. Consideramos que esses elementos desvelados auxiliam a compreender como a EAN ? vivenciada no contexto escolar. Por fim, as reflex?es finais dessa pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de pensar a forma??o e a realidade dos professores da rede municipal de ensino a fim de que esses profissionais possam ter maior autonomia de a??o e desenvolver estrat?gias criativas para que a inclus?o da EAN seja uma realidade na escola. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This study aimed at revealing the meaning linked to Food and Nutritional Education (FNE) by analysis and interpretation of meanings that teachers of the elementary school had. As epistemological suppositions guiding this study, we adopted the Sociohistorical Psychology and the subjectivity, meanings and significance categories. This theoretical and methodological reference allowed the acknowledgment of subjective issues as pertaining of the person and the reality and, therefore, fundamental for the understanding of the inclusion process of the FNE by the teachers in the school context. The field research was developed in three city schools of Diamantina/MG, with the participation of six teachers of elementary school. As tools of information production we used the semi-structured interview and, to proceed in its analysis and interpretation, we were inspired in the proposal of Aguiar and Ozella of the Significance Core and also in the complementary strategy of the Theme Core. From the teachers? speeches, we selected three Theme Cores: 1) Significance related by the teachers to the concept of FNE: concepts and implications in the knowledge construction, 2) Process of (non) inclusion of FNE in the school context: difficulties and challenges and 3) Significance of the performed actions: the punctual character, shared responsibilities and the progress possibilities in the FNE approach. Elements as the strictly nutritional of the concept of FNE, the ideia that they had on FNE as a relevant topic, but that in opposite, they do not find objective conditions for its inclusion, the punctual character of the actions, and the given responsibility to the health professionals, the school and/or family, the interdisciplinary and transversal actions connected to the instrumental logic, the FNE as another subject to be worked with are the subjective meanings given by the teachers to the FNE and justify its not inclusion. We consider that these revealed elements help to understand how FNE is lived in the school context. Hence, the final reflections of this research point to the necessity of thinking the training and reality of teachers in the city school in order to an increased autonomy of action of these professionals, and the developing of creative strategies for the inclusion of FNE as a reality in school.

Each language has a variety of cultural words that in one way or another are deeply rooted in the culture and society of a country or a region. This includes words and / or expressions that have to do with ecology, material culture, social culture, organisations, customs, ideas, gestures and habits. Cultural words often involve translation difficulties and a translator can find help in different strategies when dealing with such challenges during the translation work.  This essay, in the form of a translation analysis, deals with cultural words and how these have been translated into Swedish. The translated texts regard six different French hikes during which it is possible to visit one or more cheese factories to discover certain quality cheeses and their manufacturing process. The aim of this essay is therefore to analyse six informative texts from a tourist guide titled Rando-fromage en France - Jolies balades et fromageries de qualité (2019) in order to distinguish the different strategies of translations for cultural words, especially those that are complex or whose connotations are lacking in the target language. Based on Svane's (2002) translation strategies for cultural words, this translation analysis describes how proper names, cultural terms and technical terms in the domain of cheese have been translated. The most used strategies are undoubtedly transfers of different kinds and additions, either in the form of a single word or in the form of longer explanations.  The translation analysis shows that there is a strong connection between the choice of translation strategy and the type of text that the source text represents. The analysis also highlights the important role of target language readers as the translation of cultural words is adapted to them.

Studien syftar till att undersöka innebörden av ett närvarande ledarskap utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv samt identifiera vilka förväntningar medarbetare har av en närvarande ledare. Innebörden av ett närvarande ledarskap är ett relativt outforskat område. Kvalitativ metod har därmed använts i den här studien, för att kunna analysera det empiriska materialet och besvara undersökningens frågeställningar. För att avgränsa arbetet har fokuset legat på offentliga HVB-verksamheter, därmed består datamaterialet av intervjuer med medarbetare från olika offentliga HVB. Studiens resultat visar att det finns flera viktiga faktorer, såsom fysisk närvaro,  mental närvaro, tillitsfulla relationer, delaktighet, bekräftelse, öppenhet och mottaglighet som är betydande för ett närvarande ledarskap. Innebörden av ett närvarande ledarskap ser olika ut för studiens respondenter, även om en del av dem har liknande uppfattningar. Utifrån en konstruktivistisk teori kan vi dra slutsatsen att medarbetares föreställningar om ett närvarande ledarskap till stor del grundar sig på begreppet ledarskap, som är något varje individ själv konstruerar. Detta leder till att hen skapar egna förväntningar på sin chef och hur chefen ska utöva ledarskapet. / The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of and knowledge about the meaning of a present leadership from an employee perspective and to identify which expectations employees have of a present leader. The meaning of a present leadership is a relatively unexplored area, shown by previous research. Qualitative method has been used in the study, in order to be able to analyze the empirical material and answer the aim and  purpose questions of the study. In order to define the work, the focus has been on public HVB operations, the data material consists of interviews with employees from different public HVB. The results of the study show that there are several important factors, such as physical presence, mental presence, trust and relationships, participation, confirmation, openness and receptivity, that are significant for a present leadership. The meaning of a present leadership differs between the respondents of the study, even if some of them have similar perceptions. Based on a constructivist theory, it can be concluded that employees' ideas about present leadership are based, to a large extent, on the concept of leadership, which is something that is constructed by  each individual by themselves. This leads them to creating their own expectations of their managers and how a manager should exercise leadership.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-02-01T23:11:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?o final da Disserta??o1.pdf: 3017302 bytes, checksum: f9901a41619b1d9779d506122c6ab349 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T23:11:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?o final da Disserta??o1.pdf: 3017302 bytes, checksum: f9901a41619b1d9779d506122c6ab349 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / La recherche traite de la production de sens dans les textes produits en langue portugaise comme seconde (L2) par des ?tudiants sourds de l'?cole municipale Professeur Raimundo Mata de la ville de Catu-BA. Les ?crits sont analys?s ? partir des ?l?ments r?f?rentiels, soulignant l'importance pour les ?tudiants sourds de ma?triser ? la fois la langue de signes br?silienne (LIBRAS) et la langue portugaise ?crite. Afin de traiter l'importance de l'?criture en portugais pour les sourds dans les espaces sociaux, nous nous appuyons sur les ?tudes de Skliar (2009, 2005), Silva (2001), Lodi (2009), F?vero (2003) , Koch (1997), Marcuschi (2008) et Guarinello (2007). Nous avons choisi comme objet d'?tude la forme de r?f?rence du sourd dans ses productions textuelles. A partir du r?cit de film, ont ?t? analys?s deux productions ?crites par deux ?tudiants de la 9?me ann?e d'?tude matinale, tous ?g?s de 19 ans, de l'ann?e scolaire 2016. Nous avons identifi?s les strat?gies utilis?es par ceux-ci dans leurs productions textuelles qui sont responsables de la production de sens et nous apercevons que les sourds ont une forme particuli?re de se r?f?rer en portugais, caract?ris? par une r?f?rence construite plus ? partir des ?l?ments non verbaux que par des ?l?ments strictement verbaux . / Esta pesquisa trata da produ??o de sentido em textos produzidos em l?ngua portuguesa como segunda l?ngua (L2), por alunos surdos, da Escola Municipal Professor Raimundo Mata da cidade de Catu ? BA. S?o analisados os escritos a partir dos elementos referenciais, destacando a import?ncia que tem para o aluno surdo dominar tanto a L?ngua Brasileira de Sinais- LIBRAS, como a l?ngua portuguesa escrita. Para tratarmos da import?ncia que a produ??o escrita em portugu?s tem para o surdo nos espa?os sociais, apropriamo-nos dos estudos de Quadros (1997), Skliar (2009, 2005), Silva (2001), Lodi (2009), F?vero (2003), Koch (1997), Marcuschi (2008) e Guarinello (2007). Elegemos como objeto de estudo o modo como o surdo referencia em suas produ??es textuais. A partir do reconto de filme foram analisadas duas produ??es escritas do ano letivo de 2016, de dois alunos do 9? ano, do turno matutino, ambos com 19 anos. Identificamos as estrat?gias utilizadas por estes em suas produ??es textuais que s?o respons?veis pela produ??o de sentido e percebemos que o surdo tem um modo particular de referenciar em portugu?s, caracterizado por uma refer?ncia constru?da mais a partir dos elementos n?o-verbais do que por elementos estritamente verbais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kresley Neri Magalhaes.pdf: 1087730 bytes, checksum: 7d64e1b9a57d40f21eee1c8e3c94b8ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aimed at identifying and analyzing the significations which constitute the requisitions of a permit to drop the physical education classes by high school students who attend the night classes at a school in the suburb of São Paulo. To do so, theoretical and methodological references of the Sociohistorical Psychology were used, which allowed us to understand that human beings construct the existence through actions, related to the reality and are constituted through their dialectical relations. This understanding prevented us from taking into account the naturalizing and dichotomic analysis about the subjects who, in this research, were all adolescents. The instrument used to achieve the aim of this research was a questionnaire applied in a school day during the subjects regular class time. This questionnaire contains 13 questions divided into 8 multiple choice questions, out of which 4 (questions 3, 4, 6 and 7) allowed the students to write open answers (depending on the alternative that they checked), and 5 open questions. A total of 235 questionnaires were answered by the students and the multiple choice questions were first analyzed considering the relation among the checked alternatives, the frequency that they were checked and the relation to the theory. For the analysis of the open questions, the word with significance was used since it allowed better understanding about the significations which constitute the requisitions of a permit to drop the P. E. classes. The answers that contained similar words or significances were grouped in different tables forming contents. By grouping the contents, categories were formed. The same content could be inserted in different categories. The categories were inserted in tables together with the frequency so that the researcher could articulate them to the theory and, consequently, achieve the aim of the research. After the analysis of all the questions, we ve come to the conclusion that the time when the P.E. classes are offered in the researched school is a determining factor for the high number of requisitions of permit to drop the classes. Whether the P.E. classes were offered during the regular class time, the students could attend the classes regularly and the character of facultative subject granted by the Federal Education Law (LDB 9394/96) would make no sense. While these changes in the public policies concerning when the P.E. classes are offered in night high school do not happen, it will be necessary to improve the quality of the classes so that the students may wish to return to the P. E. classes. It was observed the need and importance of improving the quality of Physical Education Licenses, which should provide subsidies to prevent those future teachers to take to their classes a naturalized concept of their students, and which can provide the knowledge for the future teachers to interrupt the association between physical education/sport, evidenced by the students answers. The conclusion was that the class model, the content to be taught, the teachers motivation and significant practical activities, as well as the time when the classes are offered reinforce the students decision to require the permit to drop the classes / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar as significações que constituem o pedido de dispensa das aulas de Educação Física, pelos alunos que cursam o Ensino Médio no período noturno em uma escola localizada na periferia da grande São Paulo. Para atingi-lo, utilizamos o referencial teórico e metodológico da psicologia Sócio-Histórica que permitiu entendermos que o homem é um ser que constrói sua existência por meio de ações sobre a realidade sendo constituído através de suas relações dialéticas. Este entendimento proporcionou nos livrarmos de análises naturalizantes e dicotômicas sobre os sujeitos que, nesta pesquisa, eram todos adolescentes. O instrumento utilizado para atingirmos o objetivo da pesquisa foi um questionário aplicado durante um dia letivo no horário regular de aula dos sujeitos. Esse questionário contém 13 perguntas divididas entre 8 questões de múltipla escolha sendo que as questões 3, 4, 6 e 7 permitiram aos alunos respostas dissertativas (dependendo da alternativa que assinalaram), e 5 questões dissertativas. Obtivemos um total de 235 questionários respondidos pelos alunos e a análise das questões de múltipla escolha foi realizada a partir da relação entre as alternativas assinaladas, frequência com que apareceram e relacionadas com a teoria. Para a análise das questões dissertativas utilizamos a palavra com significado por permitir melhor entendimento sobre as significações que constituem os pedidos de dispensa. As respostas que continham palavras ou significados semelhantes foram agrupadas em quadros diferentes formando os conteúdos. Com o agrupamento dos conteúdos, foram formadas as categorias podendo o mesmo conteúdo ser inserido em categorias diferentes. As categorias formadas foram colocadas em tabelas junto com a frequência permitindo ao pesquisador articulá-las com a teoria e consequentemente alcançar o objetivo da pesquisa. Após a análise de todas as questões do questionário, concluímos que o horário em que a aula de educação física é disponibilizada na escola pesquisada, é um fator determinante para o elevado pedido de dispensas. Caso as aulas de educação física fossem realizadas dentro do horário regular de aula, estes alunos poderiam frequentar normalmente a disciplina e a facultatividade garantida pela LDB 9394/96 perderia totalmente o sentido. Enquanto não ocorrem mudanças nas políticas públicas com relação aos horários das aulas de educação física para o ensino médio noturno, entendemos que, para o aluno retornar a escola fora do seu período regular de aula, é necessário melhorias na qualidade das aulas. Percebemos a necessidade e importância da qualificação dos cursos de formação de professores de educação física escolar que devem fornecer subsídios para que os futuros professores não levem para suas aulas uma concepção naturalizada dos seus alunos e que forneçam conhecimentos para que os futuros professores possam romper com o vínculo educação física/esporte evidenciado pela resposta dos alunos. Concluímos que o modelo de aula, conteúdo a ser trabalhada, motivação do professor, atividades práticas significativas, bem como os horários em que a disciplina é ofertada atuam diretamente na decisão do aluno em requerer a dispensa das aulas