Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. S. 77-87: Bibliografi.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. S. 72-83: Bibliografi.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser. NB: Rätt ISBN från spikblad.

Pulmonary function testing is an important part when it comes to evaluating patients with or at risk for lung diseases. Measurement of the diffusing capacity with carbon monoxide (DLCO) of the lung is a very important parameter and reflects how well the gas exchange work. Traditionally the DLCO have been measured by the single breath (SB) method which requires a forcefully inhalation and a 10 second breath-hold. Not all patients are able to perform the method due to illness or related problems therefore it would be favourable if the ward could change to an easier method called intrabreath (IB). The IB method is not depending on a breath-holding manoeuvre, which should make it easier to perform. Eleven volunteers participated in the study. They all performed both DLCO techniques, starting with the SB followed by IB. The DLCO, when determined with the IB technique, had an excellent correlation to the SB technique. However, the IB systematically showed a lower value for DLCO, and can therefore not use the same references as SB. Before the ward can change from the SB- to the IB- method there are needs for further studies. New studies should include more volunteers so more trustworthy reference values can be made, they should also include sick patients as a check-up for the new reference values. For the moment the ward have to stay with the SB method.

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Vid hjärnundersökningar finns även andra strukturer utanför hjärnan som är innerverade av nervsystemet. Det är möjligt att sjukdomen i hjärnan avspeglas där också. Det finns många sjukdomar och tillstånd med liknande symptom och att ställa rätt diagnos kan vara svårt. Många sjukdomar påverkar det autonoma nervsystemet och ett sätt att hitta rätt diagnos kan vara att undersöka hur det fungerar.  Syfte: Att se vilka variationer av radioaktivitetsupptag som fanns i parotiskörtlarna mellan patienterna som avbildades med 11C-PE2I PET/DT. Samt att kunna se om denna information kan utnyttjas till att identifiera dysfunktion av autonoma nervsystemet (MRT-bilder är även en tillhjälps verktyg). Metod: Studiedesignen var en retrospektiv kvantitativ studie. Hundra (konsekutiva) patienter indelades i grupper så som: normal, Parkinsons, Parkinsons sjukdom med kombination av vaskulära förändringar och atypisk Parkinson sjukdom. Isotopupptag i basala ganglier och parotiskörtlar har mätts. Några patienters MRT- bilder var tillgängligt till kvantifiering.   Resultat: kombinerade gruppen med Parkinsons sjukdom, atypisk Parkinsons sjukdom och vaskulära förändringar har en uppreglering av antalet fria dopaminreceptorer i parotis jämfört med friska (även i bara PSP samt bara vaskulära grupper) med (p <0.05).   Slutsats: Det finns variation av upptaget mellan en del av grupper därmed kan sjukdomen i hjärnan avspeglas i körtlar också.   Nyckelord: Neurodegenerativa sjukdomar, Autonom dysfunktion, 11CPE2I-PET/DT, parotiskörtlar, basala ganglier / ABSTRACT Background: At brain examination, there are also other structures outside the brain that are innervated by the nervous system. It is possible that the disease of the brain is reflected there as well. There are many diseases and conditions with similar symptoms and making the right diagnosis can be difficult. Many diseases affect the autonomic nervous system and one way to find the right diagnosis may be to investigate how it works.     Purpose: to see what variations in radioactivity uptake were found in the parotic glands between the patients depicted with the 11C-PE2I PET/CT. As well as being able to see how valuable this information is in being used to identify dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (MRT- images are also an aids tool).   Method: The study design was a retrospective quantitative study. One hundred (consecutive) patients were divided in groups such as normal, Parkinson's, Parkinson's disease with combination of vascular changes and atypical Parkinson's disease. Isotope uptake in basal ganglia and parotic glands has been measured. Some patients' MRT images were available for quantification.     Result: the results show that the combined group of Parkinson's disease, atypical Parkinson's disease and vascular changes has an upregulation of the number of free dopamine receptors in parotid compared to healthy ones (also in PSP only and only vascular groups) with (p <0.05).    Conclusion: There is variation of uptake between some of the groups thus the disease in the brain can be reflected in glands as well.     Keywords: Neurodegenerative Diseases, Autonomic Dysfunction, 11CPE2I-PET/CT, Parotid Glands, Basal Ganglia

The aim of this study has been to explore how social workers in a Swedish context, who have been on sick leave due to burnout or other stress-related disorders, perceive their occupational role compared to the time before the disorder. The primary focus has been how the social workers view their occupational role after the experience of being on sick leave due to the disorder and if the experience have taught the social workers things they find valuable in their occupational role. This study is based on six interviews with social workers who have the requested experience and have been back to work for at least six months. The theoretical framework used to analyse the results consists of Sense of Coherence (Antonovsky, 2005) and concepts of coping (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). This study concludes that the social workers differentiates the view and approach towards the occupational role. The social workers do not perceive that they have a changed view of the occupational role, but their approach to the occupational role seems to be different. The experience have also taught them useful things that they practice in their occupational role and advise other social workers to also practice these wisdoms.