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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Favourable Opportunities in Sports Betting - A Statistical Approach to Football Goals in the Premier League / Gynnsamma möjligheter inom betting - statistisk modellering av fotbollsmål i Premier League

Lindau, Fredrik, Carle, Gustaf January 2022 (has links)
The premise of this report is to delve into sports betting and whether favourable opportunities can be found, more specifically focusing on over and under odds for number of goals scored in football games of the Premier League. Using historical data from football matches several models are developed, the characteristics of goals warranting the use of probability based Poisson and Negative Binomial models, as well as Bayesian Poisson regression for goal predictions. Once these models were developed odds was found and compared to bookmakers, the results indicated that all models, to varying degrees, find favourable opportunities and profitable betting strategies can be identified. This suggests that bookmakers do not always price betting products according to their true probabilities likely due to book balancing and informational asymmetries. Furthermore it indicates that there is a presence of inefficiencies in the sports betting market. / Den här rapporten kommer djupdyka i betting och huruvida gynnsamma möjligheter kan hittas. Mer specifikt kommer ett fokus ligga på över/under odds för antalet mål i fotbollsmatcher i engelska Premier League. Genom att använda historisk data från fotbollsmatcher utvecklas flera olika statistiska modeller för att förutspå antalet mål i fotbollsmatcher. Skattning av Poisson och Negativ Binomial fördelningar samt utvecklandet av en Bayesiansk Poisson regressionsmodell motiveras av egenskaperna hos antalet mål i fotbollsmatcher. Med dessa modeller, beräknas odds för flera framtida matcher inom Premier League och dessa jämfördes med odds som ges av bettingbolag. Resultaten indikerar att alla modeller kan, i olika stor utsträckning, hitta gynnsamma möjligheter och lönsamma betting strategier kan identifieras. Detta tyder på att bettingbolag inte alltid sätter sina odds enbart baserat på den faktiska sannolikheten, vilket troligtvis beror på att bolagen balanserar sina böcker samt informationsasymmetrier. Dessutom indikerar resultatet på att det finns faktorer på bettingmarknaden som gör marknaden ineffektiv.
2

Children’s early mathematics learning and development : Number game interventions and number line estimations / Barns tidiga lärande och utveckling i matematik : Numeriska spelinterventioner och skattningar av tal på tallinjer

Elofsson, Jessica January 2017 (has links)
Children’s early mathematics learning and development have become a topic of increasing interest over the past decade since early mathematical knowledge and skills have been shown to be a strong predictor of later mathematics performance. Understanding how children develop mathematical knowledge and skills and how they can be supported in their early learning could thus prove to be a vital component in promoting learning of more formal mathematics. In light of the above, with this thesis I sought to contribute to an increased understanding of children’s early mathematics learning and development by examining effects of playing different number games on children’s number knowledge and skills, and by investigating children’s representations of numbers on number line tasks. Two number game intervention studies were performed, and effects of three different number game conditions (linear number, circular number and nonlinear number) were investigated by examining 5- and 6-year-old children’s pre- and posttest performance on different numerical tasks. The findings indicate that playing number games in general support children’s development of number knowledge and skills, where the specific learning outcomes are affected differently depending on the type of number game utilized. To elucidate children’s representations of numbers, their performance on two different  umber line tasks have been analyzed using a latent class modeling approach. The results reveal that there is a heterogeneity in 5- and 6-year-old children’s number line estimations and subgroups of children showing different estimation patterns were distinguished. In addition, it is shown that children’s number line estimations can be associated to their number knowledge as well as to task specific aspects. The findings presented in this thesis contribute to the discussion of the value of selecting game activities in a conscious way to support children’s early mathematics learning and development. They also add to the discussion regarding the number line task and how children’s number line estimations can be analyzed and interpreted.
3

Att vårda äldre personer med kognitiv svikt i sjukhusmiljöer : attityder, processer, innebörder

Nilsson, Anita January 2013 (has links)
Inledning: Äldre personer med kognitiv svikt, exempelvis i form av demenssjukdom, delirium eller depression, är en vanligt förekommande population inom svensk sjukhusvård. Dessa äldre kan ha särskilda behov till följd av en försämrad kognition, men litteraturen tyder på att akutsjukhusens miljö, organisation och vårdprocesser inte alltid stödjer tillgodoseendet av dessa behov. Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att belysa vården av äldre personer med kognitiv svikt i sjukhusmiljöer. Metoder: Avhandlingen består av fyra delstudie. I studie I tillämpades en tvärsnittsdesign för att utforska personalens attityder till äldre patienter med kognitiv svikt, personalens tillfredsställelse med vården och arbetet samt upplevelsen av personcentrerat vårdklimat (n=391). I studie II användes en Grounded theory design för att undersöka hinder för personcentrerad vård för äldre personer med kognitiv svikt på en akutmedicinsk vårdavdelning. I studie III tillämpades en tvärsnittsdesign för att utforska de psykometriska egenskaperna i den svenska versionen av ”The Person-centred care of Older People with cognitive impairment in Acute Care scale” (POPAC) i ett urval av sjukhuspersonal (n=293). I studie IV användes en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk design för att belysa innebörder av att vårda äldre patienter med kognitiv svikt på akuta sjukvårdavdelningar utifrån vårdpersonals (n=13) berättelser. Resultat: Studie I visade att deltagande personal skattade en neutral attityd till äldre patienter med kognitiv svikt i spektret mellan negativa och positiva attityder, samt att faktorer som att vara yngre, undersköterska och att uppleva vården av de äldre som betungande, hade samband med mer negativa attityder. Resultaten visade också att vårdpersonal upplevde att äldre patienters kognition sällan utvärderades under vårdtiden, samt att man sällan baserade vården på evidensbaserade riktlinjer för vård av äldre med kognitiv svikt. Studie II belyste att ett organisatoriskt fokus på medicinska behov, åtgärder och rutiner bidrog till att personal hamnade steget efter i relation till att synliggöra och möta dessa äldre personers multidimensionella behov, och att detta kunde medföra tecken på vårdlidande för de äldre, utanförskap för närstående och frustration för personal. Studie III stödde en fortsatt användning av POPAC-skalan för skattningar av upplevd förekomst av personcentrerade vårdprocesser för äldre patienter med kognitiv svikt, men att ytterligare studier rekommenderades framförallt av skalans olika dimensioner. Studie IV belyste att ju större avstånd som upplevs mellan vad vårdpersonalen kan göra (verklig vård) och vad de vill göra (ideal vård) för äldre patienter med kognitiv svikt i akuta vårdmiljöer, desto meningslösare upplevs vården, och desto större blir hotet mot personalens personlig-professionella integritet. Den tolkade helheten visar på att vårda äldre patienter med kognitiv svikt inom akutsjukvård betyder att försöka ge omvårdnad i miljöer som inte stödjer vårdpersonalens personlig-professionella integritet Slutsatser: En rimlig konklusion av dessa resultat är att det i sjukhusmiljöer där äldre patienter ofta vårdas kan finnas anledning att diskutera och ytterligare studera hur attityder, synsätt på och målsättningar för vården och dess innehåll, åtgärder och interventioner kan främja eller motverka en god omvårdnad för de äldre med kognitiv svikt. Det kan också finnas anledning att se över hur personalen kan stödjas i att ge person-centrerad vård till de äldre, exempelvis genom riktlinjer för vård av äldre personer med kognitiv svikt, standardiserade skattningar av kognition, samt implementering av vårdprocesser som stödjer en personcentrerad vård för dessa patienter. Det kan också finnas behov av att ytterligare kritiskt granska hur organisatoriska och miljömässiga faktorer på avdelningar stödjer eller motverkar en personcentrerad vård för äldre patienter med kognitiv svikt. Därtill kan det finnas behov av att skapa ytterligare förutsättningar för vårdpersonalen att bevara och utveckla sin personlig-professionella integritet genom att utveckla miljöer som ger möjligheter för dem att ge en god omvårdnad till dessa äldre. / Introduction: Older people with cognitive impairment such as dementia, delirium or depression, are commonly cared for in acute hospital wards. These older people may have specific needs associated with a cognitive impairment. However, literature indicates that the milieu, organisation and care processes in acute care not always support in meeting these needs. Aim: The overall aim of the thesis was to illuminate care of older people with cognitive impairment in hospital environments. Methods: The thesis consists of four studies. Study I used a cross-sectional design to explore staff attitudes toward older people with cognitive impairment, staff satisfaction with care and work and perceived person-centeredness of the ward (n=391). Study II used a Grounded theory design to explore barriers to person-centred care for older people with cognitive impairment at an acute medical ward. Study III used a cross-sectional design to explore the psychometric properties of the Swedish version person-centred care for older people with cognitive impairment scale (POPAC) in a sample of acute hospital staff (n=293). Study IV used a phenomenological hermeneutic design to explore the meanings of caring for older people with cognitive impairment in acute hospital wards as narrated by nursing staff (n=13). Results: Study I showed that participating staff estimated a neutral attitude to older people with cognitive impairment in the spectrum between negative and positive attitudes, and that factors such as being younger, a nurse assistant and experiencing the care of older people with cognitive impairment as burdensome, were associated with more negative attitudes. The results also showed that healthcare professionals felt that older patients' cognitive ability was rarely evaluated during hospitalisation, and that care were rarely based on evidence-based guidelines for care of older people with cognitive impairment. Study II illuminated that an organizational focus on medical needs, interventions and routines contributed to staff falling behind in relation to meeting these older patients' multidimensional needs, and that this could lead to signs of suffering for older patients, feelings of being excluded for relatives, and a frustration for staff. Study III supported a continued use of the POPAC scale for ratings of perceived prevalence of person-centred care processes for older people with cognitive impairment, but further studies was recommended to explore scale dimensionality. Study IV illuminated that the greater a gap that is experienced between what nurses can do (real) and what they want to do (ideal) in caring for older patients with cognitive impairment in acute care settings, the more meaningless care is experienced and the greater a threat is experienced to the nurses personal-professional integrity. The comprehensive understanding indicated that caring for older people with cognitive impairment in acute care settings means to provide nursing care in an environment that does not support the nurses’ possibilities to protect and develop their personal-professional integrity. Conclusions: A reasonable conclusion from these studies is that there may be reasons to further discuss and study how attitudes, perspectives, and goals for care, together with the content, procedures and interventions that can support or obstruct good nursing care for older people with cognitive impairment in hospital settings. There may also be reasons to explore how staff can be supported to provide person-centred care to these older patients, for example through guidelines for care of older people with cognitive impairment, standardised assessments of cognitive ability, and implementation of care processes that supports person-centred care. In addition, to further critically examine how organisational and environmental factors in hospital wards can support or obstruct person-centred care for older patients seems needed. There may also be a need to further develop conditions that can support nursing staff to maintain and develop their personal-professional integrity, by developing environments that provides further possibilities to provide good care for these older patients. / <p>Centrum för personcentrerad vård vid Göteborgs universitet </p>

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