The main objective of the thesis is to introduce the prices of construction industry and methods of their determination. Furthermore I will introduce selected historical monument - the former provincial hospital in Prague, well known today as „Porodnice u Apolináře“ and I will focus on its history and current status. The budget for the reconstruction of the roof covering of cultural heritage will be set up a in accordance with the requirements of the „Národní památkový ústav“ (slate roofing) based on available inputs. Then the prices of different types of roofing will be compared and evaluated with regard to their lifetime.

The main archaeological features studied in this thesis are semi-subterranean house remains in the woodlands of middle northern Sweden, east of the high mountains and some 100 km from the coast. The period during which they were occupied has been delimited to 4500-2500 BC. The house remains consist of circular or sometimes rectangular depressions in the ground, surrounded by mounds of refuse and large amounts of fire-cracked stone. Eighty house remains of this kind have been discovered so far and 20 features have been excavated. They are found at 29 different localities that cover an area of more than 60,000 km2. The question put forward is whether these house remains show patterning in site location, economy and material culture, suggesting that they belonged to one people sharing a similar language and values. The majority of the locations include more than one house and because of the dug-out-floors and the large amounts of fire-cracked stone they are interpreted as winter villages. The distributions of the villages show a settlement pattern in which the locales are separated by a mean distance of approximately 35 km. In one of the regions, Vilhelmina parish, summer camps have been located by smaller lakes where the waterways from 3 different winter villages connect. Other possible summer camp sites are suggested, based on their location in areas where waterways connect two or three winter villages. The winter sites were associated with local bands, according to the social structure of hunting societies in North America, suggested by June Helm. Several local bands form a regional band that camp together during certain periods of the year. All regional bands form the tribe or the language family. No traces of social differences between groups or families have been revealed in the material and it is therefore assumed that the remains of the houses represent a hunting/gathering band society. Among the artifacts in the houses is a predominance of small scrapers of quartz and quartzite. There is also a very high representation of elk (moose) in the bone material from the house remains. Prehistoric and later pit-falls as well as paintings and carvings of elk are distributed within the same area. This shows that elk were a very important prey and this has been emphasized when discussing the explanations of the uniformity in house type and artefacts. Finally the importance of the slate tools, in particular those of red slate, is briefly discussed. The manufacture of slate tools increase during the neolithic period. In the inland of middle Norrland artifacts of red slate dominate over the grey and black slate artifacts in most of the houses and on many other sites. The raw material is, in most cases, found close to the high mountains, but the red slate is otherwise rare compared to the black and grey, which suggests that it has been highly valued. The knowledge of, and access to, red slate is suggested as having symbolized the unity of this band society. / digitalisering@umu

The original design of the Internet was started over forty years ago, in a totally different context of today s. At that time, the network gained new purposes and began to be used in areas and activities that would have been unthinkable during its design. New applications based on networks usage brought a new set of requirements, most of whom were not adequately met due to limitations in architecture. Although the original specification of the Internet has an important role in its popularization, today it represents the main limiter of its evolution, which fosters the thought that the architecture should be reviewed in a clean slate approach. This strategy encourages innovation in the proposals for future networks, by not submitting them to the limitations of the current architecture, and free researchers from the problem of supporting legacy networks. In this context, the Entity Title Model represents a revolutionary way to semantically understand the new Internet requirements, also managing the communication entities and their capabilities, in order to define and implement the best strategies for the treatment of communication. The materialization of this model is performed by Entity Title Architecture, a new flexible architecture that proposes a rereading of important aspects of computer networks, particularly in strategies for addressing and routing.This work proposes an implementation of this architecture through a prototype based on the Open Flow specification, and a practical application with the multicast communication requirement. The proposed approach is able to provide the multicast service efficiently, and with an appropriate solution at the network layer, which is naturally supported by the architecture. Are also presented in this paper the results of some comparative experiments with a video application, first implemented using the TCP/IP architecture with unicast and multicast services, and then, using the Entity Title Architecture, focusing on traffic aggregation through multicast. The results showed that the bandwidth tests with the proposed approach remains constant, while in TCP/IP approach with unicast services, it grows linearly, proportional to the number of connected client. On TCP/IP approach with multicast services, the pattern of bandwidth consumption is similar, however, the approach Entity Title Architecture has won by: decreasing the unnecessary overhead in communication, and thus using less bandwidth; providing better strategies for the control plane, by separating the data plane; and improving the multicast addressability, based on the use of a unique designation, unambiguous and independent of topology; and finally, by presenting a proposal for deployment in real network, because of the Openflow broad support by leading equipment suppliers. / O projeto original da Internet foi iniciado há mais de quarenta anos, em um contexto totalmente diferente do atual. Nesse tempo, a rede ganhou novos propósitos e passou a ser utilizada em áreas e atividades que seriam impensáveis durante a sua concepção. As novas aplicações às quais a rede foi submetida trouxeram consigo diversos novos requisitos, que em sua maioria não foram adequadamente atendidos devido a limitações na arquitetura. Embora a especificação original da Internet tenha um importante papel na sua popularização, hoje ela atua como principal limitador de sua evolução, o que fundamenta a visão de que a arquitetura deva ser revista em uma abordagem clean slate. Essa estratégia incentiva à inovação nas propostas para as redes futuras, por não submetê-las às limitações da arquitetura atual, e por libertar os pesquisadores do problema de suporte à rede legada. Neste contexto, o Modelo de Título representa uma forma revolucionária de entender semanticamente os novos requisitos da Internet, observando também as entidades da comunicação e suas capacidades, de maneira a definir e implementar as melhores estratégias para o tratamento da comunicação. A materialização desse modelo é realizada pela Entity Title Architecture, uma nova e flexível arquitetura que propõe uma releitura de importantes aspectos das redes de computadores, sobretudo das estratégias de endereçamento e roteamento. Este trabalho propõe uma implementação dessa arquitetura através de um protótipo baseado na especificação Open Flow, e de uma aplicação prática como requisito de comunicação multicast. A abordagem proposta é capaz de fornecer o serviço de multicast de forma eficiente, e comum à solução adequada na camada de rede, o que é suportado naturalmente pela arquitetura. Neste trabalho são apresentados também os resultados de alguns experimentos comparativos, comum a aplicação de vídeo, primeiro implementado utilizando a arquitetura TCP/IP com os serviços unicast e multicast, e depois, utilizando a arquitetura Entity Title Architecture com foco na agregação de tráfego através de multicast. Os resultados demonstraram que o consumo de banda nos testes com a abordagem proposta permanece constante, enquanto na abordagem TCP/IP com serviços unicast, ela cresce de forma linear, proporcional ao número de clientes conectados. Já na abordagem TCP/IP com serviços multicast, o padrão de consumo de largura de banda é similar, no entanto, a abordagem Entity Title Architecture apresenta ganhos por diminuir o overhead desnecessário na comunicação, e dessa maneira, por utilizar uma largura de banda menor; por fornecer melhores estratégias para o plano de controle, através da separação do plano de dados; por melhorar a capacidade de endereçamento do grupo multicast, baseando-se na utilização de uma nova designação única, não ambígua e independente de topologia; e por fim, por apresentar uma proposta real de implantação na rede, devido ao crescente suporte ao protocolo Open Flow, promovido pelos principais fabricantes de equipamentos. / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Flavio de P S Carvalho.pdf: 2673797 bytes, checksum: d72d3f4a598b5ffab7bab76b14ab8d9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-30 / This research has been to understand what actions can be mobilized by the teacher and the students of the ninth year of primary education by working with problem solving spatial geometry in a dynamic and interactive. We use the Cabri 3D software and digital whiteboard as a tool in solving the problems presented, and we decided to work the theme prisms because we know the problems in their teaching. The research had as its main theoretical source heuristics by Polya (2006) applied to problem solving, and Vygotsky and his colleagues seek references to discuss the mediation processes that occur during problem solving. Assuming that the subjects in social interactions build their knowledge, we seek to understand the concept of interactivity and interaction both in computerized environment and the social environment. Data collection occurred in a class of ninth year of elementary school to a state school in the State of Minas Gerais in the city of Patos de Minas, located in Upper Paranaíba. As a sample, we work with two segments, the first group of six students who were obtained through a random sample, comprising three males and three females and the second consisting of the teacher. Considering the characteristics of research, we chose a qualitative approach. As techniques and tools for data collection was used filming, questionnaires, field journal, conference semi-structured interview and participant observation. With the different forms of mediation, we construct the categories of analysis that we call technological mediation and mediation teaching. The research showed us the way the subjects interact with the software to solve a problem, and that the integration of different media through digital whiteboard is an area yet to be further explored, especially those addressing the teacher to teacher knowledge needed to use this new technology. / Esta pesquisa consistiu em compreender que ações podem ser mobilizadas pelo professor e pelos alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental ao trabalharem com a resolução de problemas de geometria espacial num ambiente dinâmico e interativo. Utilizamos o software Cabri 3D e a lousa digital como ferramentas na resolução dos problemas apresentados, e optamos por trabalhar o tema prismas por conhecermos a problemática no seu ensino. A pesquisa teve como principal fonte teórica a heurística apresentada por Polya (2006) aplicada na resolução de problemas, e em Vygotsky e seus colaboradores, buscamos referências para discutirmos os processos de mediação ocorridos durante a resolução de problemas. Partindo da premissa que nas interações sociais os sujeitos constroem seus saberes, buscamos compreender o conceito de interatividade e interação tanto no ambiente informatizado como o ambiente social. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em uma turma do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual do Estado de Minas Gerais, na cidade de Patos de Minas, localizada no Alto Paranaíba. Como amostra, trabalhamos com dois segmentos, o primeiro formado por seis alunos que foram obtidos através de uma amostra aleatória, constituindo três do sexo masculino e três do sexo feminino e o segundo constituído pelo professor. Considerando as características da pesquisa, optamos pela abordagem qualitativa. Como técnicas e instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizamos filmagens, aplicação de questionário, diário de campo, entrevista coletiva semiestruturada e observação participante. Com as diferentes formas de mediação, construímos as categorias de análise que denominamos mediação tecnológica e mediação pedagógica. A pesquisa nos mostrou a maneira que os sujeitos interagem com o software para resolver um problema, e que a integração de diferentes mídias através da lousa digital constitui um campo ainda a ser mais bem explorado, abordando principalmente os saberes docentes necessários ao professor para utilizar essa nova tecnologia.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Roberto Moreira.pdf: 6458715 bytes, checksum: a6e04a668d3d7fd1d947b67d059b94ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-12 / ABSTRACT The judicialization of politics has inspired several scientific researches due to its novelty and consequences, and formed the agenda of contemporary political science. In this context, this study sought to investigate the influence of popular participation in seven trials judged by the STF and TSE in the case "ficha limpa ( clean slate"): RO 1.069-RJ, by TSE (decided in 2006); ADPF 144-DF, by STF (decided in 2008); CC 1120-26.2010-DF, TSE (decided in 2010); RE s 630.147-DF, 631.102-PA e 633.703-MG, by STF (decided in 2010 and 2011); and joint trial of ADC s 29 and 30, and finally ADI 4578, tried by STF (decided in 2012). The concept of hard case developed by Ronald Dworkin and Robert Alexy, as the one whose solution is not expressed in the code of laws, was adopted and argued that in cases like that the judge commonly stands before more than one decision rationally justifiable. The seven trials were typified as hard cases. A concept of popular participation was built for the research purposes, which brought together normative contributions of theoretical approaches of participatory democracy, deliberative and radical. To perform such investigation, the votes published in the trials were rated into four categories, according to the presence or absence of the citizen participation reference, if they referred to it as an argument and for what purpose: to defend ficha limpa ( clean slate ) or the independence that the court expressed in relation to it. In spite of the public participation seen in these processes, especially in the year 2008 and the following, the Supreme Court and the TSE did not stage political decisions in the analyzed trials, since they had ratified policy decisions that have been already taken by the Legislature. On the other hand, reviews of the trials revealed some votes in whose speech grounds contain a reference to popular participation in the judgments accomplished in 2010, 2011 and 2012. The main influence has been seen in the last trial, the ADC's 29 and 30 and ADI 4578, decided by the Supreme Court, where the number of votes in favor of the thesis of ficha limpa ("clean slate") filled with arguments containing references to popular participation, was higher. In this trial, ministers who used to defend the independence of the court in relation to this influence began to justify their votes in favor of "clean slate" in popular participation. Others simply left out the speech which preached that the court should be free of such interference. Therefore, remains concluded that popular participation has affected the outcome of the hard case "ficha limpa ( clean slate". / A judicialização da política inspirou várias pesquisas científicas pela sua novidade e consequências, tendo composto a agenda da Ciência Política contemporânea. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa buscou investigar a influência da participação popular em sete julgamentos do STF e TSE no caso ficha limpa : RO 1.069-RJ, do TSE (julgado em 2006); ADPF 144-DF, do STF (julgado em 2008); CC 1120-26.2010-DF, do TSE (julgado em 2010); RE s 630.147-DF, 631.102-PA e 633.703-MG, do STF (julgados em 2010 e 2011); e julgamento conjunto das ADC s 29 e 30 e da ADI 4578, do STF (julgado em 2012). O conceito de hard case de Ronald Dworkin e de Robert Alexy, como aquele cuja solução não está expressa no código de leis, foi adotado e se argumentou que nele comumente o julgador está diante de mais de uma decisão racionalmente justificável. Os sete julgados foram tipificados como hard cases. Um conceito de participação popular foi construído para os fins da pesquisa, que aglutinou as contribuições normativas das correntes teóricas da democracia participativa, deliberativa e radical. Para a investigação, os votos publicados nos julgados foram classificados em quatro categorias, segundo estava presente ou ausente a referência à participação popular, se faziam referência a ela como argumento e para qual fim: fazer a defesa da ficha limpa ou da independência da corte em relação a ela. Apesar da participação popular vista nesses processos, principalmente no ano de 2008 e seguintes, o STF e o TSE nos julgamentos analisados não protagonizaram decisões políticas, tendo ratificado decisões políticas já tomadas pelo Legislativo. Por outro lado, a análise dos julgados revelou votos em cujo discurso de fundamentação há referência à participação popular nos julgamentos consumados em 2010, 2011 e 2012. A maior influência foi vista no último julgamento, das ADC s 29 e 30 e da ADI 4578, pelo STF, onde o número de votos em favor da tese ficha limpa com argumentos com referência à participação popular foi maior. Nesse julgado, Ministros que antes vinham defendendo a independência da corte em relação a essa influência passaram a justificar seus votos em defesa da ficha limpa na participação popular. Outros simplesmente abandonaram o discurso que pregava que a corte deveria ficar livre dessa interferência. Assim, concluiu-se que a participação popular influenciou no desfecho do hard case ficha limpa .

The process of literacy comprehends the intellectual, social, psychic, and emotional factors of the students, leading them to the experience of reading and writing in social practices. This research, entitled "The process of literacy with elementary school children mediated by the Interactive Whiteboard", is epistemologically established in the field of Education, grounded in the Piagetian and Ferreirian propositions of the psychogenesis of written language mediated by the Interactive Whiteboard (LDI) in the construction of different theoretical knowledge and practical propositions of doing, in the light of the interactionist theory of Vygotsky. In order to delineate a line of reasoning, the following research problem was chosen: how can the Interactive Whiteboard be able to provide literacy practices for primary school children through its use in teaching-learning processes? The general objective of the research is to investigate how the LDI can enable children's literacy practices in primary education 1 through its use in teaching-learning processes. In order to achieve the stated objective, the specific objectives were defined: identify in the pilot education plan of the 2nd year of primary education 1, actions that contribute to the literacy process mediated by the LDI; to verify how the LDI mediation can enhance the literacy process and analyze the application of the activities proposed in the pilot education plan. The theoretical basis was based on the publications that approach the conceptual and practical aspects of the research topic, considering its scope, with emphasis on the references involving Digital Information and Communication Technologies (TDIC); Interactive Whiteboard (LDI); Literacy and Teaching-Learning Process. The methodological approach chosen is the qualitative research, founded on the Bogdan and Biklen (1994) conjectures, based on the Participant Research of Brandão and Streck (2006), grounded on technical procedures, bibliographical, documentary and field study, exploratory and descriptive of Gil (2010). The following instruments were used for the the data collection: questionnaire of Lüdke and André (1986); participant observation of Lakatos and Marconi (2010); field diary of Macedo (2010) and Bogdan and Biklen (1994). The information collected was analyzed through content analysis (BARDIN, 2011), from which emerged four main categories: the cybercultural profile of 2nd year students B; the educational potential of LDI in the literacy of those surveyed; the LDI as a tactic for the development of language structure and cognitive aspects in the acquisition of literacy. The results show that: (a) the students are digital natives (they can be considered digital sages, by Prensk's (2009) observations), they are protagonists in individual or group practical activities and with excellent interaction between them; (b) the use of LDI in the teaching-learning process contributed to the learning and improvement of student literacy; (c) the interactions of the LDI in the applications of the activities allowed the enrichment of the language structure, configuring itself as one more resource to enhance the communication and the cognitive aspects of the students within the pedagogical practice. / O processo de alfabetização compreende os fatores intelectuais, sociais, psíquico, emocional dos estudantes, levando-os à experiência da leitura e da escrita nas práticas sociais. Esta pesquisa intitulada “O processo de alfabetização com crianças do ensino fundamental mediado pela Lousa Digital Interativa”, institui-se, epistemologicamente, no âmbito da Educação, alicerçando-se nas proposições piagetianas e ferreirianas da psicogênese da língua escrita, mediada pela Lousa Digital Interativa (LDI) na construção de diferentes saberes teóricos e proposições práticas de fazeres, à luz da teoria interacionista de Vygotsky. Para delinear uma linha de raciocínio, elegeu-se o seguinte problema de investigação: como a Lousa Digital Interativa pode viabilizar práticas de alfabetização das crianças do ensino fundamental mediante o seu uso nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem? Como objetivo geral da pesquisa tem-se: investigar como a Lousa Digital Interativa (LDI) pode viabilizar práticas de alfabetização das crianças no ensino fundamental 1 mediante o seu uso nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. A fim de atingir o objetivo posto, definiu- se os objetivos específicos: identificar no plano de ensino piloto do 2º ano do ensino fundamental 1, ações que contribua para o processo de alfabetização mediado pela LDI; verificar como a mediação da LDI pode potencializar o processo de alfabetização e analisar à aplicação das atividades propostas no plano de ensino piloto. A fundamentação teórica norteou-se nas publicações que abordam os aspectos conceituais e práticos da temática da pesquisa, considerando a sua abrangência, com destaque para as referências que envolvem Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC); Lousa Digital Interativa (LDI); Alfabetização e Processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem. A abordagem metodológica escolhida é a da pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada nas conjecturas de Bogdan e Biklen (1994), baseada na Pesquisa Participante de Brandão e Streck (2006), fundamentada através dos procedimentos técnicos bibliográfico, documental e estudo de campo, de cunho exploratório e descritivo de Gil (2010). Como instrumentos na coleta de dados foram utilizados: questionário de Lüdke e André (1986); observação participante de Lakatos e Marconi (2010); diário de campo de Macedo (2010) e Bogdan e Biklen (1994). As informações coletadas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011), da qual emergiram quatro grandes categorias: o perfil cibercultural dos alunos do 2º ano B; o potencial educativo da LDI na alfabetização dos pesquisados; a LDI como tática para o desenvolvimento da estrutura da linguagem e os aspectos cognitivos na aquisição da alfabetização. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que: (a) os alunos são nativos digitais (podendo ser considerados sábios digitais, pelas observações de Prensky (2009)), são protagonistas em atividades práticas individuais ou em grupo e com excelente interação entre eles; (b) o uso da LDI no processo de ensino-aprendizagem contribuiu para o aprendizado e aprimoramento da alfabetização dos alunos; (c) as interatividades da LDI nas aplicações das atividades permitiram o enriquecimento da estrutura de linguagem, configurando-se como mais um recurso para potencializar a comunicação e os aspectos cognitivos dos alunos dentro da prática pedagógica. / São Cristóvão, SE

A belt of Early Proterozoic rocks crops out in the Cottonwood Cliffs area, northwest Arizona. The belt contains an eastern and a western assemblage separated by the Slate Mountain fault. The western assemblage consists of mafic to felsic metavolcanic rocks, metapelites, and metaconglomerates. The eastern assemblage consists of phyllites, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks, metagraywackes, and metagabbro bodies. The belt is bounded to the east by foliated granodiorite. The Valentine granite intruded the belt on the west and north. Steeply-plunging lineations and fold axes, and northeast-trending vertical foliation dominate the structural fabric. The regional elongation direction is near-vertical, as indicated by mineral and pebble lineations, and is parallel to fold axes. Although only one deformational event is evident, the intensity of that event may have obliterated evidence of any earlier deformation. Tertiary basalts and the Peach Springs Tuff locally overly the metamorphic rocks. Cenozoic normal faults in the area are mostly of minor displacement.

This thesis handles the economic strategy of the firm HATLE-UNIKLEMP. Used methods are PESTLE analysis, Porter's five forces model, SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, and most used method is the financial analysis, in which indicators are applied to absolute indicators and financial ratios of profitability,liquidity, activity and debt. The thesis aims to find solutions to the poor economic situation of analyzed firm and to set a strategy, to ensure a positive future business development.

The purpose of this thesis was to design and evaluate The ContexTable, a context-aware system built into a kitchen table. After establishing the current status of the field of context-aware systems and the hurdles and problems being faced, a functioning prototype system was designed and built. The prototype makes it possible to explore established, untested theory and novel solutions to problems faced in the field.

The focus of this thesis is on the most commonly used types of stone, the methods of quarrying stone, stone working, the tools developed and used for that purpose, and the ways in which stone was transported and hoisted into place. This is starting from the earliest times in which large temples or buildings were constructed, namely the Neolithic, up till the time of the Roman Empire. Besides being a kind of compendium of most aspects of stone working, which could be found, also attention is given to the ideal conditions under which the construction of a large temple or monument could take place. The framework, which is developed from the description of the construction of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem in I Kings 5 and I Chronicles 28, is used to analyse the construction of a number of other temples in different times, places and settings, and with the use of different materials, to test if the framework is applicable in all these situations. Moreover, also other aspects of stone working, such as mosaics and the manufacturing of stone vessels in Jerusalem are described and analysed as to their origins and uses. The intention is to give an overview of the many ways in which stone has been used, so that the reader can get an idea of how large temples and monuments were built and to gain an understanding of what kind of technical know-how and ingenuity existed in antiquity. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Phil. (Religious Studies (Biblical Archaeology))