FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo de avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade do leite de cabras leiteiras alimentadas com dietas contendo quatro nÃveis de casca de mamona, a pesquisa foi conduzida no setor de caprinocultura leiteira da Embrapa Caprinos, localizada no municÃpio de Sobral â Ce. Foram utilizadas oito fÃmeas caprinas, da raÃa Anglo-Nubiana, com peso mÃdio de 45 kg e com aproximadamente 60 dias de lactaÃÃo. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuÃdos em um delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro nÃveis de substituiÃÃo do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona como alimento volumoso (0; 33; 67 e 100%), mantendo uma relaÃÃo volumoso:concentrado de 50:50. Cada perÃodo experimental teve uma duraÃÃo de 21 dias, sendo 14 dias de adaptaÃÃo a dieta e sete dias de coleta de dados. Para avaliaÃÃo dos efeitos dos tratamentos, foram observadas as seguintes variÃveis: consumo voluntÃrio, digestibilidade, balanÃo de nitrogÃnio, produÃÃo, composiÃÃo e densidade do leite e perfil de Ãcidos graxos da gordura do leite. A substituiÃÃo do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona reduziu o consumo de matÃria seca, proteÃna bruta, extrato etÃreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidrato nÃo fibroso e carboidratos totais. NÃo houve diferenÃa entre os coeficientes de digestibilidade das diferentes dietas. Houve influÃncia dos tratamentos sobre os coeficientes, o que resultou em uma reduÃÃo linear nos coeficientes de consumo de nitrogÃnio, excreÃÃo (fezes, urina e leite) e no balanÃo de nitrogÃnio, com mÃdias de 27,3; 6,95; 7,90; 5,46 e 7,05% respectivamente. Houve um decrÃscimo na produÃÃo, sendo que os Ãltimos dois nÃveis de substituiÃÃo nÃo diferiram entre si. Em relaÃÃo à composiÃÃo quÃmica do leite, nÃo houve efeito da substituiÃÃo do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona sobre os teores de proteÃna bruta, matÃria mineral, lactose e extrato seco total, porÃm houve aumento do teor de gordura nos nÃveis 66 e 100% de substituiÃÃo, porÃm isso nÃo causou variaÃÃo na densidade do leite, cuja mÃdia foi de 1,031 g/l. Quanto ao efeito da substituiÃÃo do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona sobre a concentraÃÃo dos Ãcidos graxos, houve efeito sobre os teores dos Ãcidos mirÃstico (C14:0), linoelaidico (C18:2n6t), linolÃico conjugado (CLA 9t11 (P<0,05) e para o perfil de Ãcidos graxos poliinsaturados e saturados (AGPOL e AGESS). NÃo houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre Ãcidos graxos insaturados, cadeia curta, cadeia longa e monoinsaturados. A substituiÃÃo do feno de capim-tifton 85 pela casca de mamona reduziu o Ãndice de aterogenicidade (IA) da dieta. A casca de mamona pode substituir em atà 33% o feno de capim-tifton 85 na dieta de cabras leiteiras sem ocasionar grandes reduÃÃes no consumo e digestibilidade, assim como tambÃm sem ocasionar qualquer prejuÃzo na produÃÃo e na composiÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica do leite. / To evaluate the productive performance and milk quality of dairy goats fed diets containing four levels of castor bean hulls, this research was carried out at the dairy goat sector of the Embrapa Goats, at Sobral-CE. Eight dairy goats were used, consisting of Anglo-Nubiana breed, averaging 45 kg of body weight and with approximately 60 days of nursing. The animals were housed in metabolism cages and distributed in a latin square 4 x 4 experimental design. The treatments consisted of four levels (0; 33; 67 and 100%, on a dry/fresh matter basis) of Tifton-85 grass hay substitution by castor beans hulls as roughage feed maintaining a roughage: concentrate ratio of 50:50. Each experimental period was 21 days along, divided in 14 days of adaptation and seven days of data collection. The following variables were measured: voluntary feed intake; nutrients apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance, milk production and constitution,density of milk and fatty acid profile. The substitution of Tifton-85 grass hay by castor bean hulls reduced the consumption of: dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total carbohydrates. It was not observed difference among diets digestibility coefficients. There was influence of the treatments on the digestibility coefficients, resulting in a linear reduction in nitrogen intake and excretion (fecal, urinate and milk) rates and in the nitrogen balances, with means of 27.3, 6.95, 7.90, 5.46 and 7.05%, respectively. There was a decrease in milk production,with the last two levels not differing to each other. In relation to the milk chemical composition, there was no effect of the Tifton-85 hay substitution by castor beans hulls on the crude protein, mineral matter, lactose and total dry extract, but there was an increase in fat levels in 67 and 100% substitution, not sufficient to promote changes in milk density, averaging 1.031 g/l. In relation to the effect of the Tifton 85 hay substitution by castor beans hulls on fatty acids concentration, there was no effect on the myristic (C14: 0), linoelaidic (C18: 2n6t) and conjugated linoleic (CLA 9t11) acids levels, (P<0.05), as well as the profile of polyunsaturated and saturated (AGPOL and AGESS) fatty acids. There was no effect of the treatments on unsaturated, short chain, long chain and monounsaturated fatty acids. The substitution of Tifton-85 grass hay by castor bean hulls reduced the aterogenicity index (IA) of the diet. The castor bean hulls can replace up to 33% of the Tifton-85 grass hay in dairy goats diets without causing major reductions in feed intake and digestibility and also without causing any loss in the physical-chemical composition nor in the milk production

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior, average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), feed efficiency (FE), carcass characteristics, commercial cuts weights and yield, weight of gastrointestinal content and compartments, weight and yield of internal organs of Morada Nova growing lambs fed different levels of metabolizable energy (ME). 32 lambs, non-castrated, with average initial body weight of 12.12 Â 1.69 kg and approximately 60 days of age were used. Animals were distributed into four experimental treatments determined by different levels of metabolizable energy (1.28, 1.72, 2.18 and 2.62 Mcal/kg DM), in a randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment. Tifton 85 hay was used as roughage. Lambs were slaughtered sequentially as the group of animals of each treatment reached an average of 25 kg of body weight. Increasing linear effect was observed of metabolizable energy levels (P<0.05) over dry matter (DM) intake and decreasing linear effect for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, both expressed in g/day, %BW e g/kg0,75. Eating, ruminating and total chewing times, expressed in h/day, decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of energy in the rations. Idle time, in turn, increased linearly (P<0.05). Eating and rumination efficiencies were influenced by the energy levels (P<0.05) expressed in g DM/h. The number of ruminal boluses, number of chews and chews per ruminal bolus were not affected by the levels of ME. However, time spent chewing per ruminal bolus was influenced (P<0.05). Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was observed for ADG, without affecting, however FC and FE. Carcass traits such as: empty body weight, hot carcass weight and yield, cold carcass weight and yield, loss by cooling and biological yield were not affected (P>0.05) by the increasing levels of dietary energy. Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was also observed for ribeye area and decreased linear effect (P<0.05) for loss by fasting with the increasing of ME levels. The levels of energy also decreased (P<0.05) the weight of the cuts shoulder and leg (%), and increased linearly the neck (kg), rib, breast and flank expressed in kg and%. There was no effect of energy levels (P>0.05) on weight of gastrointestinal content. Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was observed for the weights of heart, the group of organs lungs, trachea, esophagus and tongue (PTEL), liver and spleen, expressed in kg. Regarding the compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, it was observed increased linear effect (P<0.05) only for rumen-reticulum, in %, and small intestine, in kg. The perirenal, omental and mesenteric fats were also influenced by the energy levels (P<0.05) with linear increase when expressed in kg and %. It was concluded that the increase of ME levels of diets influences the ingestive behavior, promote increases in ADG and ribeye area, and reduction in loss by fasting. Regarding the weights of cuts, levels of ME reduce shoulder and leg and increase neck, rib, chest and flank. Levels of ME also influence positively weight and yield of internal organs, viscera and fats of Morada Nova lambs during the growing period. / Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos, ganho de peso mÃdio diÃrio (GMD), conversÃo alimentar (CA), eficiÃncia alimentar (EA), caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, pesos e rendimento dos cortes comerciais, peso do conteÃdo e dos compartimentos gastrointestinais, peso e rendimento dos ÃrgÃos internos de ovinos Morada Nova em crescimento alimentados com diferentes nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel (EM). Foram utilizados 32 animais, nÃo-castrados, peso corporal mÃdio de 12,12 Â 1,69 kg e aproximadamente 60 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuÃdos em quatro tratamentos experimentais determinados por diferentes nÃveis de EM (1,28; 1,72; 2,18 e 2,62 Mcal/kg de MS), em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com oito repetiÃÃes por tratamento. O feno de Tifton 85 foi utilizado como volumoso. Os cordeiros foram abatidos seqÃencialmente, Ã medida que o grupo de animais de cada tratamento atingia a mÃdia de 25 kg de peso vivo. Foi observado efeito linear (P<0,05) crescente dos nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel sobre consumo de matÃria seca (MS) e decrescente para o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), ambos expressos em g/dia, %PV e g/kg0,75. Os tempos de alimentaÃÃo, ruminaÃÃo e mastigaÃÃo total, expressos em h/dia, diminuÃram linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento dos nÃveis energÃticos das raÃÃes. O tempo de Ãcio, por sua vez, aumentou linearmente (P<0,05). As eficiÃncias de alimentaÃÃo e ruminaÃÃo foram influenciadas pelos nÃveis de energia (P<0,05) expressas em g MS/h. O nÃmero de bolos ruminais, nÃmero de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por dia e nÃmero de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por bolo ruminal nÃo foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos nÃveis de EM das raÃÃes. Para o tempo de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por bolo ruminal houve efeito significativo (P<0,05). Verificou-se efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM sobre o GMD sem afetar, no entanto a CA e EA. As caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa: peso de corpo vazio, peso e rendimento de carcaÃa quente, peso e rendimento de carcaÃa fria, perda por resfriamento e rendimento biolÃgico nÃo foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos aumentos nos nÃveis de energia da dieta. Houve efeito linear crescente dos nÃveis de energia sobre a Ãrea de olho de lombo e perda por jejum (P<0,05). Observou-se ainda efeito linear decrescente dos nÃveis de EM (P<0,05) sobre o peso dos cortes paleta e perna em %, e crescente sobre os pesos de pescoÃo em kg e costela, peito e fraldinha expressos em kg e %. NÃo foi observado efeito (P>0,05) dos nÃveis de energia sobre o peso do conteÃdo gastrointestinal. Verificou-se efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM sobre os pesos do coraÃÃo, do conjunto de ÃrgÃos: pulmÃes, traquÃia, esÃfago e lÃngua (PTEL), do fÃgado e baÃo, expressos em kg. Em relaÃÃo aos compartimentos do trato gastrointestinal foi observado efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM somente sobre o rÃmen-retÃculo em %, e intestino delgado em kg. As gorduras perirenal, omental e mesentÃrica tambÃm foram influenciados pelos nÃveis de energia (P<0,05) com incremento linear para os pesos em kg e %. Conclui-se que o aumento dos nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel da raÃÃo influencia o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos e proporciona aumentos no GMD, Ãrea de olho de lombo, e reduÃÃo na perda por jejum. Em relaÃÃo aos pesos dos cortes comerciais o aumento nos nÃveis de EM reduz o peso de paleta e perna e aumenta os pesos do pescoÃo, costela, peito e fraldinha. O nÃvel de EM das raÃÃes influencia positivamente no peso e rendimento dos ÃrgÃos internos, vÃsceras e gorduras de ovinos Morada Nova em crescimento.

Selon les nouvelles orientations agroécologiques qui s’imposent largement, il convient d’élaborer des systèmes d’élevage adaptés aux contraintes environnementales, efficients et pourvoyeurs de services écosystémiques bénéfiques pour l’environnement et la société. La question se pose singulièrement dans nos territoires antillais et ceci dans le cadre d’une demande pressante en produits carnés de qualité et à forte valeur patrimoniale comme l’est la viande caprine en Guadeloupe. Les petits ruminants, principalement élevés au pâturage, sont exposés aux infestations par les nématodes gastro-intestinaux (NGI) qui constituent une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité. Le déploiement de techniques adaptées et applicables sur le terrain s’avère nécessaire. Aussi des méthodes de gestion intégrée du parasitisme sont préconisées parmi lesquelles sont étudiées les stratégies d’alimentation des animaux. Il convient d’améliorer la capacité de l’animal hôte à tolérer les effets négatifs (résilience) ou à contrôler les infestations par les NGI (résistance) par la complémentation alimentaire. L’objectif de cette thèse était de définir des stratégies de complémentations des chevreaux en croissance, stade physiologique le plus touché par les NGI et dont les performances zootechniques conditionnent directement le revenu des producteurs (la production de viande).L’apport de la complémentation a été combinée à une série de recommandations de la gestion intégrée du parasitisme (voie génétique, méthode Famacha ®) et singulièrement à une stratégie de gestion du pâturage mixte avec des génisses. Ont été obtenus, un accroissement des résultats zootechniques (croissance et carcasse), de la note d’état corporel ainsi qu’une amélioration de la réponse physiologique (taux d’hématocrite). Une diminution du nombre de traitements anthelmintiques est observée aussi. Cet essai a abordé l’opérationnalité de la complémentation pour un éleveur. D’une façon générale, ce travail a ouvert aussi des questionnements scientifiques sur l’interaction nutrition*parasitisme avec un focus sur la nutrition azotée à déconnecter de l’alimentation énergétique. / New agroecological guidelines are needed around the world to develop livestock systems that are adapted to the environmental, efficient and environmentally and socially beneficial ecosystem services requirements. The question arises singularly in our Caribbean territories and this in the context of an urgent demand in meat products of quality and ofhigh patrimonial value as is the goat meat in Guadeloupe. Small ruminants, mainly grazed, are exposed to gastrointestinal nematode (NGI) infestations, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The deployment of adapted and applicable techniques in the field is necessary. Therefore, methods of integrated management of parasitism are recommended among which are studied the strategies of feeding of the animals. The ability of the host animal to tolerate adverse effects (resilience) or to control infestations by NGI (resistance) should be enhanced by food supplementation. The objective of this thesis was to define supplementation strategies for growing kidneys, the physiological stage most affected by NGI and whose zootechnical performances directly affect the incarne of producers (meat production).Discussions focus on the development of targeted complementing strategies and attempt to answer questions: how to complement? (ln energy, nitrogen or both); When to complement? (Delay effects or effects during an established infestation). lt was also a question oftesting the life-size recommendations and on several variables (physio­pathological responses and zootechnical responses including carcass characteristics). In this sense this work has presented a certain originality. There was no statistically significant effect on carcass quality, however, in carcass­infected animals the carcasses were more degraded, especially with a low-protein diet. The complementation contribution was combined with a series of recommendations of integrated management of parasitism (genetic pathway, famacha method) and particularly a management strategy of mixed grazing with heifers. An increase in the zootechnical results (growth and carcass), body condition score and an improvement in physiological response, hematocrit) were obtained. A decrease in the number of anthelmintic treatments is also observed. This trial addressed the operationality of complementation for a breeder. In general, this work also opened up scientific questions about the interaction nutrition * parasitism with a focus on nitrogen nutrition to disconnect from the energy suooly

Les nématodes parasites du tube digestif demeurent une contrainte majeure pesant sur la santé, le bien être et les productions des petits ruminants élevés à l’herbe. Le mode usuel de maîtrise de ce parasitisme repose sur l’emploi répété de molécules chimiques anthelminthiques. Toutefois, le développement et la diffusion généralisée de résistances à ces molécules dans les populations de vers imposent désormais d’utiliser ces traitements avec discernement et de trouver des solutions complémentaires ou alternatives. L’incorporation dans la conduite d’élevage (ration des moutons ou des chèvres) de légumineuses fourragères riches en tannins condensés dotées de propriétés anthelminthiques s’est avérée une option prometteuse pour réduire le recours aux molécules chimiques. Toutefois, une des difficultés d’application de ces plantes tient à la variabilité des résultats observés. En prenant le sainfoin comme modèle de légumineuse contenant des tannins et en s’appuyant essentiellement sur des méthodes in vitro basées sur les larves 3 infestantes, l’objectif général de cette thèse est d’analyser le rôle respectif de facteurs liés à l’environnement, aux variétés génétiques ou aux modes de préservation technologiques sur les propriétés anthelminthiques. Quelque soit le critère envisagé, une forte variabilité a été observée. Les principales variations liées à l’environnement dépendaient de l’année et du cycle de coupe, ainsi que du site d’exploitation. Parmi les 38 variétés testées, 9 se sont avérées à forte activité AH, alors que 22 étaient à très faible activité. Enfin, les résultats ont aussi surtout souligné une plus forte activité antiparasitaire dans des formes séchées ou ensilées par comparaison à des échantillons frais. La comparaison des profils biochimiques liés à cette variabilité a permis une exploration des composés phénoliques expliquant l’activité anthelminthique. L’existence d’une relation dose-réponse a été précisée. Le rôle des tannins condensés a été confirmé, notamment ceux à faible degré de polymérisation et à faible poids moléculaire. L’importance des prodelphinidines qui seraient plus actives que les procyanidines reste à confirmer. De plus, il a été montré que d’autres flavonoides peuvent jouer un rôle, notamment les flavan-3-ols et les flavonols. La différence d’activité entre les échantillons de sainfoin ensilés ou fanés par comparaison aux échantillons frais s‟expliquerait en partie par la présence de formes non glycosidés de flavonols. Ces résultats devraient conduire à développer des méthodes de dosage pour identifier les échantillons de sainfoin, et plus généralement de légumineuses riches en tannins, dotés de propriétés anthelminthiques significatives. / Gastrointestinal nematodes remain a major constraint on the health, welfare and production of small ruminants. Over the past decades, the usual mode of control of this parasitism has mainly relied on the repeated use of chemical anthelmintics. However these treatments are nowadaysfacing some limits among which the most important is the development and widespread diffusion of resistance to these chemical molecules within worm populations. Consequently, the need to find complementary or alternative solutions is becoming urgent. The possible exploitation of forage legumes, rich in condensed tannins, with anthelmintic properties, by incorporation in the diet of sheep or goats, seems a promising option to reduce the reliance on chemical molecules. However, one of the main difficulties to use these plants as nutraceuticals relates to the variations in results. By using sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliae) as a model of tannin-containing legume and based on in vitro methods on the infective third stage larvae, the main objectives of this PhD were i) to examine the influence of environmental, genetic (40 different varieties) and technological (mode of preservation) factors on the anthelmintic properties of sainfoin and ii) to analyse whether differences in phenolic compounds might explain the variations. Whatever the factor considered, a high variability in results was observed. The main variations due to the environmental factors depended on the year and the cycle of cutting, as well as on the site of cultivation. Among the 38 varieties tested, only 9 have shown AH activity over 50 %. Last, a higher antiparasitic activity was found in the dried or ensiled forms compared to the fresh samples. A comparison of the biochemical profiles associated with these variations indicated a role of proanthocyanidins plus other phenolic compounds in the anthelmintic properties. The dose-response relationship between the AH activity and the ability to form complex with proteins was defined. The role of condensed tannins was confirmed, particularly those with a low degree of polymerization. The respective importance of prodelphinidins vs procyanidins remains to be further investigated. Moreover, the possible role of other flavonoids, in particular of flavan-3-ols and flavonols was also confirmed. The difference in activity between dried or ensiled forms compared to fresh sainfoin samples was partly explained by the presence of flavonol aglycosides. These results should favour the development of measurements in order to identify sainfoin samples with higher anthelmintic properties.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-05T23:15:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA LUANA CRISTINY RODRIGUES SILVA - TESE PPGMV 2012..pdf: 1371315 bytes, checksum: 08a377eebdf25947c07fbd829c5e814e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T23:15:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA LUANA CRISTINY RODRIGUES SILVA - TESE PPGMV 2012..pdf: 1371315 bytes, checksum: 08a377eebdf25947c07fbd829c5e814e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Capes / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar indicadores epidemiológicos para infecções virais em caprinos leiteiros no semiárido da Paraíba. Foram determinadas as prevalências de propriedades positivas (focos) e de animais soropositivos, bem como foram identificados fatores de risco associados às infecções por Herpesvírus caprino 1 (CpHV-1), Pestivírus, vírus da Língua Azul (LA) e lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR). No total, foram amostradas de 1.034 a 1.092 fêmeas caprinas adultas procedentes de 110 propriedades leiteiras localizadas no Munícipio de Monteiro, microrregião do Cariri Ocidental, Estado da Paraíba, no período de novembro de 2009 a agosto de 2011. Para cada doença, foi realizado o diagnóstico sorológico com técnicas consolidadas internacionalmente. Para LVPR, foi procedida a detecção direta do agente por PCR em tempo real de sangue e leite. Uma propriedade foi considerada foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. As prevalências de propriedades positivas foram de 89,1%, 6,36%, 59,1% e 44,6% para as infecções por CpHV-1, Pestivírus, vírus da LA e LVPR, respectivamente. As prevalências de animais soropositivos foram de 36,6%, 0,82%, 12,1% e 8,1%, respectivamente. A utilização da monta natural foi identificada como fator de risco associado à prevalência de rebanhos positivos para CpHV-1; para Pestivírus, não realizar vermifugação e realizar corte e desinfecção de umbigo foram identificados como fatores de risco; produção diária de leite superior a 19 litros foi identificada como fator de risco para LA; para LVPR, realizar corte e desinfecção de umbigo e existência de cercas de boa qualidade foram identificados como fatores de risco, e a PCR em tempo real da série branca do sangue apresentou boa performance, com sensibilidade de 100%, especificidade de 92,86%, concordância de 93,75% e indicador Kappa de 0,765. Com base na análise de fatores de risco, foi possível a recomendação de medidas e intervenções com vistas à minimização de perdas econômicas. / The aim of this survey was to determine epidemiological indicators to viral infections in dairy goats in the semiarid region of the Paraíba State. It was determined the prevalence of positive flocks (foci) and seropositive animals, as well as risk factors associated with the infections due to caprine herpersvirus 1 (CpHV-1), Pestivirus, bluetobgue virus (BTV) and small ruminants lentivirus (SRLV) were identified. From 1,034 to 1,092 dairy goats were sampled in 110 dairy flocks in the county of Monteiro, Cariri Ocidental microregion, Paraíba State, during November 2009 to August 2011. To each disease the serological diagnosis was carried-out using internationally consolidated techniques. For SRLV the direct detection of the agent was performed by real-time PCR in blood and milk. A flock was considered positive when presented at least one seropositive animal. Prevalences of positive flocks were 89.1%, 6.36%, 59.1% and 44.6% for the infections by CpHV-1, Pestivirus, BTV and SRLV, respectively. Prevalences of seropositive animals were 36.6%, 0.82%, 12.1% and 8.1%, respectively. The use of natural mating was identified as a risk factor associated with CpHV-1 flock-level prevalence; for Pestivirus, not perform vermifugation and to perform umbilical cord cutting and disinfection were identified as risk factors; daily milk production upper to 19 liters was identified as risk factor to LA; for SRLV, umbilical cord cutting and disinfection and existence of good quality fences were identified as risk factors, and real-time PCR using white blood cells had a good performance, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.86%, concordance of 93.75% and Kappa index of 0.765. Based on the risk factor analysis it was possible to recommend measures and interventions aiming the minimization of economic losses.

No description available.