COE, Clara de Melo. Avaliação da atividade pesqueira na comunidade de pescadores artesanais de Bitupitá, município de Barroquinha, Ceará. 2015. 79 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Fortaleza-CE, 2015 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T12:50:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cmcoe.pdf: 2856722 bytes, checksum: a352a55ceee34ebffdd4ae38cf87f452 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T12:50:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cmcoe.pdf: 2856722 bytes, checksum: a352a55ceee34ebffdd4ae38cf87f452 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T12:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_cmcoe.pdf: 2856722 bytes, checksum: a352a55ceee34ebffdd4ae38cf87f452 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fishing plays an important socio-economic role in the employment of labor, work, income generation and food supply for the population, especially for small coastal communities of Ceará State, Brazil. The research aimed to characterize artisanal fisheries held in Bitupitá, municipality of Barroquinha, Ceará and identify the socioeconomic profile of employees. They interviewed 128 fishermen and 22 professionals involved in this fishing community. These were questioned on socioeconomic issues and issues related to fishing. The results of the interviews showed that 59% of Bitupitá fishermen practice fishing in "curral" and 41% carries the hand-line fishing. The main species caught in the region are: “Serra Spanish mackerel” (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), Sardines (Opisthonema oglinum), “Atlantic bumper” (Chloroscombrus chrysurus), “Tarpon” (Megalops atlanticus), “Bigeye trevally” (Caranx sp.), Sword (Trichiurus lepturus) and Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris). All fishermen interviewed were male with ages ranging from 15 to 65 years old. They declared themselves as professional fishers, but also worked as masons or vigilantes certain times of the year. According to theirs answers, they have low levels of education and incomes are lower than the minimum wage. It was reported that using gear and fishing practices that may be considered unsustainable, but that they use said its happens because of lack of alternative. However, they demonstrated knowledge about the tools which can do some damage to fish and thus prejudice the fishery. The production chain proved to be disorganized, with whether or no evidence of collaboration between its links. A SOWT matrix was drawn up based on the data collected where it was possible to identify the main forces of activity as the presence of highly experienced professionals, plenty of potential and raw material for large investments in fish marketing infrastructure. And the negatives as the failure of fisheries use, overfishing and the misuse and degradation of natural resources. / A pesca tem um importante papel socioeconômico no emprego de mão-de-obra, geração de renda e oferta de alimentos para a população, especialmente para as pequenas comunidades litorâneas do estado do Ceará, Brasil. A pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar a pesca artesanal realizada em Bitupitá, município de Barroquinha, Ceará e identificar o perfil socioeconômico dos trabalhadores. Foram entrevistados 128 pescadores e 22 profissionais ligados à pesca dessa comunidade. Estes entrevistados foram abordados com questões socioeconômicas e questões relativas a atividade pesqueira. Os resultados das entrevistas mostraram que 59% dos pescadores de Bitupitá praticam a pesca de “curral” e 41% realiza a pesca de linha-de-mão. As principais espécies capturadas na região são Serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), Sardinha (Opisthonema oglinum), Palombeta (Chloroscombrus chrysurus), Camuripim (Megalops atlanticus), Garajuba (Caranx sp.), Espada (Trichiurus lepturus) e Ariacó (Lutjanus synagris). Os pescadores entrevistados eram do sexo masculino e tinham entre 15 e 65 anos. Exerciam, segundo eles, a pesca profissional, mas atuavam também como pedreiros ou vigilantes em determinadas épocas do ano. Segundo declararam, eles apresentam baixos níveis de escolaridade e renda inferior a um salário mínimo. Eles informaram que utilizam apetrechos e práticas de pesca que podem ser consideradas insustentáveis, mas que são usados por falta de alternativa. A cadeia produtiva mostrou-se desorganizada havendo pouco ou nenhuma evidência de colaboração entre seus elos. Através dos dados coletados elaborou-se uma matriz SOWT onde foi possível identificar as principais forças da atividade como sendo a presença de profissionais bastante experientes, a abundância de matéria prima e grande potencial para investimentos nas infraestruturas de comercialização do pescado. E os pontos negativos como sendo a insuficiência do aproveitamento da pesca, a pesca predatória e o mau uso e degradação dos recursos naturais.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Fishing plays an important socio-economic role in the employment of labor, work, income generation and food supply for the population, especially for small coastal communities of Cearà State, Brazil. The research aimed to characterize artisanal fisheries held in BitupitÃ, municipality of Barroquinha, Cearà and identify the socioeconomic profile of employees. They interviewed 128 fishermen and 22 professionals involved in this fishing community. These were questioned on socioeconomic issues and issues related to fishing. The results of the interviews showed that 59% of Bitupità fishermen practice fishing in "curral" and 41% carries the hand-line fishing. The main species caught in the region are: âSerra Spanish mackerelâ (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), Sardines (Opisthonema oglinum), âAtlantic bumperâ (Chloroscombrus chrysurus), âTarponâ (Megalops atlanticus), âBigeye trevallyâ (Caranx sp.), Sword (Trichiurus lepturus) and Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris). All fishermen interviewed were male with ages ranging from 15 to 65 years old. They declared themselves as professional fishers, but also worked as masons or vigilantes certain times of the year. According to theirs answers, they have low levels of education and incomes are lower than the minimum wage. It was reported that using gear and fishing practices that may be considered unsustainable, but that they use said its happens because of lack of alternative. However, they demonstrated knowledge about the tools which can do some damage to fish and thus prejudice the fishery. The production chain proved to be disorganized, with whether or no evidence of collaboration between its links. A SOWT matrix was drawn up based on the data collected where it was possible to identify the main forces of activity as the presence of highly experienced professionals, plenty of potential and raw material for large investments in fish marketing infrastructure. And the negatives as the failure of fisheries use, overfishing and the misuse and degradation of natural resources. / A pesca tem um importante papel socioeconÃmico no emprego de mÃo-de-obra, geraÃÃo de renda e oferta de alimentos para a populaÃÃo, especialmente para as pequenas comunidades litorÃneas do estado do CearÃ, Brasil. A pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar a pesca artesanal realizada em BitupitÃ, municÃpio de Barroquinha, Cearà e identificar o perfil socioeconÃmico dos trabalhadores. Foram entrevistados 128 pescadores e 22 profissionais ligados à pesca dessa comunidade. Estes entrevistados foram abordados com questÃes socioeconÃmicas e questÃes relativas a atividade pesqueira. Os resultados das entrevistas mostraram que 59% dos pescadores de Bitupità praticam a pesca de âcurralâ e 41% realiza a pesca de linha-de-mÃo. As principais espÃcies capturadas na regiÃo sÃo Serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), Sardinha (Opisthonema oglinum), Palombeta (Chloroscombrus chrysurus), Camuripim (Megalops atlanticus), Garajuba (Caranx sp.), Espada (Trichiurus lepturus) e Ariacà (Lutjanus synagris). Os pescadores entrevistados eram do sexo masculino e tinham entre 15 e 65 anos. Exerciam, segundo eles, a pesca profissional, mas atuavam tambÃm como pedreiros ou vigilantes em determinadas Ãpocas do ano. Segundo declararam, eles apresentam baixos nÃveis de escolaridade e renda inferior a um salÃrio mÃnimo. Eles informaram que utilizam apetrechos e prÃticas de pesca que podem ser consideradas insustentÃveis, mas que sÃo usados por falta de alternativa. A cadeia produtiva mostrou-se desorganizada havendo pouco ou nenhuma evidÃncia de colaboraÃÃo entre seus elos. AtravÃs dos dados coletados elaborou-se uma matriz SOWT onde foi possÃvel identificar as principais forÃas da atividade como sendo a presenÃa de profissionais bastante experientes, a abundÃncia de matÃria prima e grande potencial para investimentos nas infraestruturas de comercializaÃÃo do pescado. E os pontos negativos como sendo a insuficiÃncia do aproveitamento da pesca, a pesca predatÃria e o mau uso e degradaÃÃo dos recursos naturais.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Poverty dynamics and livelihood challenges among small-scale fishing communities on Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) The aim of this study was to assess poverty among small-scale fishing communities on Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe) as well to as identify livelihood challenges that confront them. Two fishing communities were used as case studies and were uniquely selected from among the many fishing camps/villages dotted along the Zimbabwean shoreline of Lake Kariba. Depending on gear type, fishing activities on Lake Kariba target both the smaller-sized Kapenta species and larger species such as the bream and the tiger. Fishing activities are a major livelihood source for fishers in the two case studies upon which they obtain food and derive income to address other family needs. Mutual linkages and exchanges also exist between fishing camps/villages and communal areas where land-based activities such as cropping and livestock rearing are carried out. Before fieldwork, there was a pre-conceived notion that members of fishing communities on Lake Kariba were very poor. Although the fishers expressed desires for a better life than they were experiencing, they did not consider themselves poor. Instead, they rated their economic position as well off compared to some of their urban counterparts. However, on further interrogation, the study revealed that the fishers were facing a set of vulnerabilities that is commonly associated with the fishing profession. These vulnerabilities had substantial impacts on the livelihood system of these fishers. Using vulnerability ladders, a picture was painted depicting the severity of these vulnerabilities. It emerged that fishers were more vulnerable to existing state institutions that are designed to manage access to and the use of natural resources in the country. There are several reasons to suggest why this is the case which include, (i) the high cost of accessing the fishery, (ii) the stern measures in place that restrict access to and use of the fishery, and (iii) the punitive measures imposed for contravening rules of access and use of the fishery. Although restricting access is in line with the principle of long run sustainability of the fishery, it may threaten the development of the fishing industry and impact negatively on livelihoods of communities involved. Unlike fisheries elsewhere in the world, Lake Kariba is not viewed as a vehicle for reducing poverty and achieving food security. On the contrary, government places emphasis on preserving and enhancing the natural environment both aquatic and non-aquatic with a view to sustaining tourism. Under such a paradigm, fishing is viewed as a threat to the natural environment and requires strict management. Heavy fines are therefore imposed on users that violate the rules of access. Many of the fishers have had their properties attached after failing to raise the necessary amounts to cover the fines. By shifting away from the promotion of fisheries, government has accelerated the decline of the small-scale fishing industry on Lake Kariba, through narrowing the fishers action space and creating an environment conducive for corruption. The decline has subsequently shrunk the livelihoods base of local communities as well as many others who are associated with the fishing industry. While the sustainability of the fishery is paramount, government needs to reconsider its strategy on governing and managing fisheries on Lake Kariba. Given enough support, small-scale fisheries on Lake Kariba have the potential to contribute significantly to the country’s Gross Domestic Product. Small-scale fisheries have also proved their resilience in the wake of the severe economic crisis that Zimbabwe experienced between 2007 and 2009. During this period, there were widespread shortages of basic food items in the country and the demand for fish and fish products rose drastically. The fishers reported that there was an increase in the demand for fish during the crisis period to the extent that they could not supply enough to satisfy the market. This supports the observation by the United Nations (2010) that fisheries, in particular small-scale, can play an important role in the economy in terms of livelihoods, poverty reduction and food security. Fishing activities are also the perfect complement to other land-based livelihood activities for communities that live in close proximity to large water bodies.

Submitted by Alane dos Santos Viana (alane.viana@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-26T14:07:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pesca no rural contemporaneo de Cairu_BA_Luis_Henrique_Couto_Paixao.pdf: 9521290 bytes, checksum: 1fe2af5151ad44b17d2a46ecf126711e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-27T22:25:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pesca no rural contemporaneo de Cairu_BA_Luis_Henrique_Couto_Paixao.pdf: 9521290 bytes, checksum: 1fe2af5151ad44b17d2a46ecf126711e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T22:25:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pesca no rural contemporaneo de Cairu_BA_Luis_Henrique_Couto_Paixao.pdf: 9521290 bytes, checksum: 1fe2af5151ad44b17d2a46ecf126711e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / A presente pesquisa demonstra a interação dos modos de vida dos pescadores de Cairu-BA às dinâmicas contemporâneas do município e suas perspectivas no projeto de desenvolvimento em vigor. Cairu, único município arquipélago do Brasil, está situado no litoral leste da Bahia, formado por 26 ilhas, três das quais (Tinharé, Boipeba e Cairu) abrigam as 13 localidades, dentre elas Gamboa, Garapuá, Moreré e São Sebastião, onde foi realizado o trabalho de campo. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmaram a perspectiva teórica de que relação entre o rural e o urbano configuram a dinâmica contemporânea do município, demostrando a importância que tem as populações destas localidades e seus modos de vida no contexto municipal, compondo um espaço complexo. A pesquisa amplia as discussões sobre a atividade pesqueira contribuindo para a compreensão da tessitura das sociedades que possuem uma relação direta com a natureza em suas práticas sociais e econômicas / This research demonstrates the interaction between the lifestyles of fishermen and the contemporary dynamics of the city Cairu in Bahia and its outlook in the existing development project. The city of Cairu, the only archipelago municipality of Brazil, is located on the east coast of Bahia. It has 26 islands, three of which (Tinharé, Boipeba and Cairu) contain 13 localities, among them Gamboa, Garapuá, Moreré and São Sebastião, where the field work was preformed. The survey results confirm the theoretical perspective that the relationship between rural and urban areas shapes the contemporary dynamics of the city, showing the importance of the populations of these places and their ways of living in the municipal context, forming a complex space. The research extends the discussions about the contribution of fishing to the understanding of the fabric of societies that have a direct relationship with nature in their social and economic practices

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Charlene Sales Bicalho - Parte 1.pdf: 1117058 bytes, checksum: 9d5a45cc50f8a72cdea5b27e4166f95e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-29 / This study shows how the fishermen of Regency Augusta, district of Linhares-ES, ressignificam fishing and social practices in its work towards large-scale Projects (PGE s) deployed both the rio Doce and maritime space. Want to be investigated from the look of the fishermen as the process of transformation in practice against fishing impacts caused by these investments. The survey was carried out in the community, participating through qualitative methodology, in order to understand the dynamics of artisanal fishermen, their beliefs, Regencia Augusta, values, attitudes and habits. The analysis is based on two directions. On the one hand, the villagers reports and official environmental reports. On the other hand, the description of two meetings of the compensation plan of the Fishing Activity of 4 d Seismic Survey (PCAP), from the view of fishermen. The observation and analysis lead us to the following results: the modification of fishing areas held predominantly in rio to before the sea; insertion of new fishing methods; emergence of new occupations and forms of employment; restriction of fishing area because of seismic surveys carried out in the region for an oil company; conflicts among fishermen / Este estudo mostra como os pescadores artesanais de Regência Augusta, distrito de Linhares ES, ressignificam seus trabalhos pesqueiros e práticas sociais perante Projetos de Grande Escala (PGEs) implantados tanto o rio Doce quanto no espaço marítimo. Pretende-se investigar a partir do olhar dos pescadores como ocorre o processo de transformação na prática pesqueira frente aos impactos ocasionados por esses investimentos. A pesquisa participante foi realizada na comunidade, por meio de metodologia qualitativa, no intuito de compreender a dinâmica dos pescadores artesanais de Regência Augusta, suas crenças, valores, atitudes e hábitos. A análise baseia-se em duas direções. Por um lado, relatos dos moradores e relatórios ambientais oficiais. Por outro, a descrição de duas reuniões do Plano de Compensação da Atividade Pesqueira da Pesquisa Sísmica Marítima 4D (PCAP), a partir da visão dos pescadores. A observação e análise nos levam aos seguintes resultados: a alteração das áreas de pesca antes realizada predominantemente no rio para o mar; inserção de novas modalidades pesqueiras; surgimento de novas ocupações e formas de trabalho; restrição da área de pesca devido pesquisas sísmicas realizadas na região por uma empresa do setor petrolífero; conflitos entre pescadores

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-08T19:22:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LenirMuniz.pdf: 2748559 bytes, checksum: ae48085a1250be1244d58906067d38e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T19:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LenirMuniz.pdf: 2748559 bytes, checksum: ae48085a1250be1244d58906067d38e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Anthropology Fisheries is a social science research subfield born in a context has put in question the guidelines of their own Social Anthropology, acquiring the discipline status or scientific research field only from the 1980s. Discipline built elements epistemological that allow us to uderstand the existing social relations among fishermen, putting into play important data for analysis and knowledge of the peculiarities of life of these social groups whose way of life is related to the fishing resources. Artisanal fishing in the mucipality of Penalva, in Maranhão Lowlands, presents itself as one of the main economic activities and livelihoods of families who depend on fishing activity to stay. This thesis aims to make a study on the daily life and practice of fishing activity carried out by a group of penalvenses fisherfolk, analyzing how these socially organized in practical and symbolic terms. Thus, from the report and the fishermen's social memory, I try to analyze how is constructed and reconstructed the way of life of this group. The Work in Fishing gives fisherfolk Penalva construction, over the years, knowledge which are inherent to the craft, which are acquired and passed on orally from one generation to another, offering subsidies to interact fishermen with the environment in which they live in the development to the fishing activity. Fishing favors the relationship established between the various actors involved in the production of fish, allowing a set of actions that are resignified by the group in a sociability marked by the marketing of fish. / A Antropologia da Pesca é um subcampo de investigação das ciências sociais que nasceu em um contexto que colocou em questão as orientações da própria Antropologia Social, adquirindo o status de disciplina ou campo de investigação científica somente a partir da década de 1980. A disciplina construiu elementos epistemológicos que permitem entender as relações sociais existentes entre os pescadores, colocando em cena importantes dados para análise e conhecimento das particularidades da vida desses grupos sociais, cujo modo de vida está relacionado com os recursos pesqueiros. A pesca artesanal no município de Penalva, na Baixada Maranhense, apresenta-se como uma das principais atividades econômica e de sustento das famílias que dependem da atividade pesqueira para se manter. Esta Tese visa fazer um estudo sobre o cotidiano e prática da atividade da pesca desenvolvida por um grupo de pescadores e pescadoras artesanais penalvenses, analisando como estes se organizam socialmente em termos práticos e simbólicos. Dessa forma, a partir do relato e da memória social dos pescadores, busco analisar como é construído e reconstruído o modo de vida deste grupo. O trabalho na pesca confere aos pescadores e pescadoras artesanais de Penalva a construção, ao longo dos anos, de conhecimentos que são inerentes ao ofício, os quais são adquiridos e repassados oralmente de uma geração à outra, oferecendo subsídios para os pescadores interagirem com o meio em que vivem no desenvolvimento da atividade da pesca. A pesca favorece as relações que se estabelecem entre os diversos agentes envolvidos na produção do pescado, viabilizando um conjunto de ações que são ressignificadas pelo grupo em uma sociabilidade marcada pela comercialização do pescado.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2018-02-01T14:44:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 17777123 bytes, checksum: 45841e0d9c5ef16e9df243b8a978bcda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T14:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 17777123 bytes, checksum: 45841e0d9c5ef16e9df243b8a978bcda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / The coastal fishing communities present several realities which always reveal a specific knowledge about their way of living. In this sense, we have tried to show, in this particular research, a reflection about the tradition in three communities located by the banks of the Goiana and Megaó Rivers, which make part of the Marine Extractive Reserve in Acaú/PB-Goiana/PE, established in 2007 and situated on the borders of Paraíba and Pernambuco. The chosen field occurred for the predominance of the small-scale fishing sector, although the insertion of new residents, undertakings, fishers from other states, impacts generated by the disordered growth, among other factors that have got in the way on the common spaces of housing, work and community sociability. Such aspects are described by the memory and tradition. In the marine and fishing sociology and anthropology we have focused on the socio-cultural changes that the estuarine who live on the border of the Goiana and Megaó Rivers have been experiencing since its constitution, mainly, the stories about the place, the work and survival strategies, the hard daily life in the tide and in the uncertain “fishing”, the social organization, the cultural manifests and the celebrations, that is, the peculiar way of life of those who outline in the fishing practice some knowledge which is typical of the traditional populations. The methodology has occurred by the participant observation, resources of life history and registers of testimonials through oral story. Besides, our observations have also aimed to contribute for the ethnography of the fishers who have been born, raised or lived for more than 10 years in the analyzed communities. The ethnography suggests an analytical and descriptive report of a traditional way of living which has been revised by the social dynamics and may, in this way, contribute for future management actions in the Unit of Conservation (Resex Acaú-Goiana). The tradition is re-elaborated and re-invented as a way of small-scale fishing resistance because of the changes and impacts lived by the fishers from Acaú-PB, Carne de Vaca-PE, São Lourenço Village-PE, and this resistance is penetrated in the social and fishing productions and in the way of being and doing the artisanal fisher. / As comunidades pesqueiras litorâneas apresentam realidades diversas que revelam sempre um conhecimento particular sobre seu modo de viver. Nesse sentido, buscamos mostrar, no presente trabalho, uma reflexão sobre a tradição em três comunidades localizadas às margens dos estuários dos rios Goiana e Megaó, dentro da Reserva Extrativista Marinha Acaú/PB-Goiana/PE, criada em 2007 e situada na divisa dos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco. O campo escolhido deu-se pela predominância da pesca artesanal, apesar da inserção de novos moradores, empreendimentos, pescadores de outros estados, impactos gerados com o crescimento desordenado, entre outros fatores que se interpuseram aos espaços comuns de moradia, trabalho e sociabilidade comunitária. Aspectos dessa mudança são descritos tendo como fio condutor a memória e a tradição. No curso da sociologia e antropologia marítima e pesqueira, foram focadas as mudanças socioculturais que os estuarinos que vivem às margens do rio Goiana e do Megaó vêm vivenciando desde sua constituição, notadamente, as histórias sobre o lugar, as estratégias de trabalho, de sobrevivência, o cotidiano difícil na maré e na “pesca” incerta, da organização social, as manifestações culturais e festividades, ou seja, o modo peculiar de vida daqueles que esboçam na prática pesqueira um conhecimento típico das populações tradicionais. A metodologia contou com a observação participante, recursos da história de vida e registros de depoimentos por meio da história oral. Além disso, nossas observações objetivam também contribuir para uma etnografia de pescadores e pescadeiras que nasceram, cresceram ou residem há mais de 10 anos nas comunidades estudadas. A etnografia sugere uma descrição analítica e descritiva de um modo de vida tradicional reelaborado pela dinâmica social, podendo, assim, contribuir para ações futuras de gestão na Unidade de Conservação (Resex Acaú-Goiana). A tradição é reelaborada e reinventada como forma de resistência da pesca artesanal frente às mudanças e aos impactos vivenciados pelos(as) pescadores(as) e pescadeiras de Acaú-PB, Carne de Vaca- PE, Povoação de São Lourenço-PE, perpassada nas relações sociais e de produção pesqueira e no modo de ser e fazer pescador(a) artesanal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSMAO_Juliana_2013.pdf: 2002037 bytes, checksum: 764c92fab171e138eea762ca82c8ad4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-18 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The Iguape-Cananéia Estuarine-Lagoon Complex has been described as an area for feeding and development of young sea turtles of the Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle) species, besides having recorded the incidence of other marine turtle species present at the Brazilian coast (Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Dermochelys coriacea and Eretmochelys imbricata). The region also presents several caiçara (population from coastal regions) nucleuses which have small-scale fishing as their main source of income, making important to analyze existing interactions between fishermen and sea turtles. The objective of the present study was to describe the interaction of the caiçara communities of Pedrinhas and Pontal de Leste with sea turtles, and the interaction between sea turtles and the artisanal gillnetting, from the fishermen s perspective. Field researches were performed using semi-structured interviews via Snow Ball technique, enabling the identification of the key informers by their peer s recognition. The results showed that the caiçara community of Pontal de Leste, more isolated from the urban centers and having fishing as exclusive activity, presented greater presence of sea turtles in its culture, as well as higher nutritional dependency from sea turtle meat when climate conditions render fishing impossible for long periods of time. At the Pedrinhas community, as it is closer to urban centers and as it has alternative income activities due to tourism, the presence of the sea turtle in the local culture resides mainly at the memories of the older interviewed community members. In both communities knowledge gaps were verified, which could be clarified with educational actions, and the importance of gillnetting for the caiçara and the negative impact it may cause to sea turtles were also verified, being thus vital, the execution of new studies which shall enable the understanding of the magnitude of such interaction. The results obtained aim at generating information for conservation plans so as to minimize the mortality of sea turtles, protecting cultural practices of such communities; thereby, educational activities and management guidelines were proposed, aiming at integrating the political management of natural resources and conservation strategies with the conduct of the local traditional community. / O Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape-Cananéia foi descrito como uma área de alimentação e desenvolvimento para juvenis de tartarugas marinhas da espécie Chelonia mydas (tartaruga-verde), além de ter registrado a ocorrência das outras espécies de tartarugas marinhas presentes na costa brasileira (Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Dermochelys coriacea e Eretmochelys imbricata). A região apresenta também vários núcleos caiçaras que têm na pesca artesanal sua principal fonte de renda, o que torna, importante, avaliar as interações existentes entre os pescadores e as tartarugas marinhas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a interação das comunidades caiçaras de Pedrinhas e Pontal de Leste, com as tartarugas marinhas e destas com a pesca de emalhe artesanal, sob a perspectiva dos pescadores. Foram realizadas pesquisas de campo utilizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas através da técnica Bola de Neve , que possibilitou identificar os informantes-chave pelo reconhecimento por seus pares. Os resultados evidenciaram que a comunidade caiçara de Pontal de Leste, mais isolada dos centros urbanos e tendo como única atividade a pesca, apresentou maior presença das tartarugas marinhas em sua cultura, assim como maior dependência nutricional da carne de tartaruga marinha quando as condições climáticas impossibilitam a pesca por longos períodos. Na comunidade de Pedrinhas, por estar próxima aos centros urbanos e ter atividades alternativas de renda, devido ao turismo, a presença da tartaruga marinha na cultura local reside principalmente na memória dos entrevistados mais antigos. Em ambas as comunidades evidenciou-se lacunas de conhecimento que poderiam ser esclarecidas com ações educativas, verificou-se também a importância da rede de emalhe para o caiçara e o impacto negativo que esta pode causar às tartarugas marinhas, sendo imprescindível, portanto, a realização de novos estudos que possibilitem compreender a dimensão desta interação. Os resultados obtidos visam gerar informações para planos de conservação de forma a minimizar a mortalidade das tartarugas marinhas, protegendo as práticas culturais dessas comunidades, desta forma, diretrizes de ações educativas e de gestão foram propostas, objetivando integrar a gestão política dos recursos naturais e estratégias de conservação com o comportamento da comunidade tradicional local.

Marine fish stocks are under serious threat of depletion due to increasing numbers of resource users with competing interests, resulting in degradation and the decline of fish catch. Using qualitative and quantitative techniques such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, household surveys and remote sensing and GIS, this study addresses: (1) the complex and inter-related nature of resource dependency, (2) the role of assets in determining survival strategies of households in artisanal fishing communities in Ponnani, India, (3) how asset degradation impacts resource-dependent households, (4) how households develop survival strategies, and (5) considers access to social, political, physical, human and financial assets. Information is organized using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) with modifications to suite the local complexities. Results show that households - engaged in diverse activities, including fishing, fish processing/marketing/culture and daily labour - evolved property rights of natural resources over generations. The Pathemari cargo business’s limited knowledge of fisheries compared to artisanal fishers, and the government led modernization resulted in resource degradation. Therefore, artisanal fishers living in coastal wards threatened by intense erosion, abandoned traditional occupations in pursuit of livelihood security. Results from image analysis and derived thematic maps indicate increased erosion of 0.35 sq km shoreline coinciding with government development initiatives. To improve livelihood options, the results indicate that 50% surveyed accessed political assets such as fishers’ cooperatives and only 20% accessed financial assets such as government sponsored schemes and loans. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions revealed many limiting factors of access, specifically marginalization and lack of financial assets: only 6% surveyed could raise enough money to migrate. With changes in technology, from harvesting to processing, gender roles are being radically altered. Women are losing jobs and income. Politically, the study revealed that local participation helped governing bodies prioritize on housing, roads, water and sanitation. Analysis of the information through the modified SLF suggests three strategies to enhance the asset base of coastal poor: strengthening grassroots organizations; transforming state relations; and developing new alternatives to conventional coastal development practice. Finally, the study suggests resource management policies to improve the households’ livelihood options and well-being.