A smartwatch is a device used to track personal data related to health, training, sleep, and diet. The smartwatch industry has seen a steady growth in recent years and is expected to continue to grow. Today many people see the use of their smartwatch as an essential part of their daily routine. Thus, more data is being collected by the smartwatch which raises concerns regarding security and privacy regarding the data collected and distributed by smartwatches. In a worst case scenario, an adversary could perform attacks that would allow them to access personal health records, track the owner, or cause the smartwatch to malfunction either temporarily or permanently. This thesis assesses the security and privacy aspects of the Garmin Vivoactive 4 smartwatch, primarily focusing on the Bluetooth protocol. This was done by first studying research done on security and privacy vulnerabilities of the Bluetooth protocol followed by performing penetration tests targeting the vulnerabilities of the smartwatch. The results of the penetration tests shows that while the Garmin Vivoactive 4 is mostly protected against security flaws, it has multiple vulnerabilities in regards to privacy. / En smartklocka är en enhet som används för att monitorera personlig data relaterad till hälsa, träning, sömn och diet. Smartklocks-branschen har de senaste åren sätt en stadig ökning och förväntas fortsätta öka. I dagsläget är det många som ser användningen av sin smartklocka som en viktig del av deras dagliga rutin. Det leder till att mer och mer data sparas och hanteras av dessa smartklockor vilket i sig leder till oro gällande säkerhet och integritet i dessa klockor. I ett värsta fall skulle en attack genomföras vilket leder till att personlig data kan kommas åt av oanhöriga, alternativt andra problem som att spåra smartklockans användare eller att få smartklocka att temporärt eller permanent sluta fungera. Målet med den här uppsatsen är att analysera säkerheten och integriteten i en Garmin Vivoactive 4 smartklocka med primärt fokus på Bluetooth protokollet. Detta görs genom att först studera forskning angående penetrationstester mot Bluetooth protokollet i smartklockor och att sedan utföra egna tester specifikt på Vivoactive 4. Resultatet visar att samtidigt som den inte har några större säkerhetsbrister finns det brist när det kommer till integriteten.

A sedentary life leads to numerous health problems, thus the need of constant motivation for a more active lifestyle. This paper presents a design process for a smartwatch app in its early stages while exploring and involving users in engaging activities. Potential users have been involved throughout the design process, in design experiments in order to co-create engaging physical activities. The key element “engaging” refers to physical activities as being fun, captivating, attractive. After an online questionnaire about physical activity and reasons for not being active, followed by an autoethnography on fitness apps, like Let’s Muv, Zombie, Run!, Coach5K, 7 min workout and Fitnet, three experiments were conducted. The experiments - interview, bodystorming, brainstorming - were performed with the focus on exploring engaging physical activities in a work environment, and therefore understand the effective features a smartwatch could have to motivate people to a more active lifestyle.

Over the past 10 years, smartwatches have become increasingly popular for commercial use. Their ever-increasing capabilities, accuracy, and sophistication of smartwatches is making them increasingly appealing to physical activity researchers as a valuable research tool. The non-invasive nature, prevalence, and versatility of smartwatches is being utilized to track heart rate, blood-oxygen levels, activity and movement, and sleep. However, the current state of the art lacks a uniform method to extract, organize, and analyze data collected from these devices. The objective of this research was to develop a Python software library that is widely available, highly capable, and easy to use with the data collected by the Apple Watch. The library was designed to offer data science, visualization, and mining features that help physical activity research find and communicate patterns in the Apple Health data. The custom-built caching system of the library provides near-instant runtime to parse and analyze large files without trading off on memory usage. The Wanjara Smartwatch Library has significantly better performance, proven reliability and robustness, and improved usability than the alternatives discovered in the review of the literature. / Master of Science / Over the past 10 years, smartwatches have become increasingly popular for commercial use. Their ever-increasing capabilities, accuracy, and sophistication of smartwatches is making them increasingly appealing to physical activity researchers as a valuable research tool. The non-invasive nature, prevalence, and versatility of smartwatches is being utilized to track heart rate, blood-oxygen levels, activity and movement, and sleep. However, the current state of the art lacks a uniform method to extract, organize, and analyze data collected from these devices. The objective of this research was to develop a Python software library that is widely available, highly capable, and easy to use with the data collected by the Apple Watch. The library was designed to offer data science, visualization, and mining features that help physical activity research find and communicate patterns in the Apple Health data. The custom-built caching system of the library provides near-instant runtime to parse and analyze large files without trading off on memory usage. The Wanjara Smartwatch Library has significantly better performance, proven reliability and robustness, and improved usability than the alternatives discovered in the review of the literature.

Nowadays, prolonged sitting among office workers is a widespread problem, which is highly related to several health problems. Many proposals have been reported and evaluated to address this issue. However, motivating and engaging workers to change health behavior to a healthier working life is still a challenge. In this project, a specific application has been deployed for real-time monitoring and alerting office workers for prolonged sitting. The proposed system consists of three distinct parts: The first one is an android smartwatch, which was used to collect sensor data e.g., accelerometer and gyro data, with a custom android wear app. The second one is an android application, which was developed to act as a gateway for receiving the smartwatch’s data and sending them to IBM Bluemix cloud with MQTT protocol. The final part is a Node-Red cloud application, which was deployed for storing, analyzing and processing of the sensor data for activity detection i.e., sitting or walking/standing. The main purpose of the last one was to return relevant feedback to the user, while combining elements from gaming contexts (gamification methods), for motivating and engaging office workers to a healthier behavior. The system was firstly tested for defining appropriate accelerometer thresholds to five participants (control group), and then evaluated with five different participants (treatment group), in order to analyze its reliability for prolonged sitting detection. The results showed a good precession for the detection. No confusing between sitting and walking/standing was noticed. Communication, storage and analysis of the data was successfully done, while the push notifications to the participants, for alerting or rewarding them, were always accurate and delivered on time. Every useful information was presented to the user to a web-based dashboard accessed through a smartphone, tablet or a PC.     The proposed system can easily be implemented at a real-life scenario with office workers. Certainly, there is a lot space for improvement, considering mostly the type of data registered at the system, the method for sitting detection, and the user interface for presenting relevant information. / Numera är förlängt sittande bland kontorsarbetare ett utbrett problem som är väldigt relaterat till flera hälsoproblem. Många förslag har rapporterats och utvärderas för att ta itu med denna fråga. Tydligen är det fortfarande en utmaning att motivera och engagera arbetstagare för att förändra deras hälsobeteende till hälsosammare arbetsliv. I detta projekt har en särskild applikation använts för realtidsövervakning och varnar kontorsarbetare för förlängt sittande. Det föreslagna systemet består av tre olika delar: Den första är en android smartwatch, som användes för att samla sensordata t.ex. accelerometer och gyrodata, med en anpassad android wear app. Den andra är en en androidapplikation som fungerade som en gateway för att ta emot smartwatchens data och skickar datan till IBM Bluemix-Cloud med MQTT-protokollet. Den sista delen är en Node-RED Cloud-Applikation som användes för lagring, analysering och behandling av sensordata för aktivitetsdetektering. Detta innebär sittande eller gå/stående med det huvudsakliga ändamålet att returnera relevant återkoppling till användaren, samtidigt som man kombinerar element från spelkontekster (gamification metoder), för att motivera och engagera arbetarna till ett hälsosammare beteende. Systemet testades först för att definiera lämpliga accelerometertrösklar till fem deltagare (kontroll grupp) och utvärderades sedan med fem olika deltagare (behandingsgrupp) för att analysera dess tillförlitlighet för långvarig sittdetektering. Resultaten visade en bra precession för detektionen. Ingen förvirring mellan att sitta och gå / stående märktes. Kommunikation, lagring och analys av data gjordes framgångsrikt, medan push-meddelandena till deltagarna, för att varna eller belöna dem, var alltid korrekta och levererade i tid. All användbar information presenterades för användaren på en webbaserad dashboard som nås via en smartphone surfplatta eller en dator. Det föreslagna systemet kan enkelt implementeras i ett verkligt scenario med kontorsarbetare. Visst finns det mycket utrymme för förbättring om man tänker på majoriteten av data som registrerats i systemet, metoden för sittande detektion och användargränssnittet för presentering av relevant information.

Background: The One Drop vertical bar Mobile app supports manual and passive (via HealthKit and One Drop's glucose meter) tracking of self-care and glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)). Objective: We assessed the HbA(1c) change of a sample of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the One Drop vertical bar Mobile app on iPhone and Apple Watch, and tested relationships between self-care tracking with the app and HbA(1c) change. Methods: In June 2017, we identified people with diabetes using the One Drop vertical bar Mobile app on iPhone and Apple Watch who entered two HbA(1c) measurements in the app 60 to 365 days apart. We assessed the relationship between using the app and HbA(1c) change. Results: Users had T1D (n=65) or T2D (n=191), were 22.7% (58/219) female, with diabetes for a mean 8.34 (SD 8.79) years, and tracked a mean 2176.35 (SD 3430.23) self-care activities between HbA(1c) entries. There was a significant 1.36% or 14.9 mmol/mol HbA(1c) reduction (F=62.60, P<.001) from the first (8.72%, 71.8 mmol/mol) to second HbA(1c) (7.36%, 56.9 mmol/mol) measurement. Tracking carbohydrates was independently associated with greater HbA(1c) improvement (all P<.01). Conclusions: Using One Drop vertical bar Mobile on iPhone and Apple Watch may favorably impact glycemic control.

The market for wearable devices is continuously growing and has seen an in- crease in interest and demand this past year, specifically smartwatch devices. With several big players entering and trying to take place in the market the number of devices and platforms grow. This leads to device and software fragmentation like the one seen in the world of smartphones. In this paper I discuss and compare the two smartwatch platforms Android Wear and Apple Watch in terms of possibilities, limitations and differences. Research is done to find cross-platform development possibilities for these platforms. Extensive theoretical background of both APIs is researched and presented. An app for both smartwatch platforms is developed with integration of the WebSocket protocol to function as a remote control for a Video-On-Demand web service. This is done to showcase the cross-platform possibilities and differences of the platforms. As a result the biggest differences are out- lined and a conclusion is made that cross-platform development for these platforms can be challenging but is possible on certain levels.

This essay describes a qualitative study of how a smartwatch used in everyday training can contribute to behavioral changes in everyday exercisers. Semi-structured interviews have formed the basis for the results of this study. The respondents' experiences and stories of self-tracking are varied and are what have created an understanding of different uses of the smartwatch during training. The users and smartwatches have contributed to various behavior change factors that then have been categorized based on a behavioral model to determine how the smartwatch communicates with the user about its collected data. Above all, the study showed that the smartwatch's training services are a way for the user to know how they can plan future training sessions by unpacking the past and how digital nudging influences the behavior. / Denna uppsats presenterar resultaten från en kvalitativ studie av hur en smartklocka som används inom vardagsträning kan bidra till beteendeförändringar som kan stötta användarnas mål att ha en mer aktiv livsstil. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med smartklocksanvändare har legat som grund för resultaten i denna studie. Respondenternas upplevelser och berättelser inom självspårning är varierande och är det som har skapat förståelse för olika användningsområden med smartklockan vid träning. Olika beteendeförändringsfaktorer som användarna och smartklockan bidragit med har kategoriserats utifrån en beteendemodell för att avgöra hur smartklockan kommunicerar med användaren om dess insamlade data. Studien visar bland annat att smartklockans träningstjänster är ett sätt för användaren att veta hur de kan planera framtida träningspass genom att packa upp det förflutna och vilka digitala puffningar som fungerar eller ej för att påverka beteendet.

This thesis project is exploring future smartwatch use within elderly care. The user-centered designing phase uses a design intervention approach, where design and research happen simultaneously.The research question is: “How can a smartwatch be used within the elderly care, based on the existing TES mobile phone app, and how can these interactions be designed as smartwatch features?”. The results are four iteratively explored design opportunities, presented as design propositions with concept sketches, and two prototypes.The main participants in the field studies and workshops are end-users, caregivers within the elderly home care and an elderly care center. The outcome shows they are positive towards an imagined future containing smartwatches as a work tool. They see advantages with the wearable and glanceable technology, like freed hands, less to carry and simpler interactions in comparison to a smart phone.The study also shows positive effects of using interaction design for a company’s design process, and exploration of new technology.

IoT devices within the technical market are rapidly growing in popularity. However, they are still young and due to the rapid growth and demand of the market, they are also known to be more vulnerable to attacks compared to other applications. The smartwatch is an IoT device that collects a large amount of personal data and monitors a consumer continuously, therefore it also comes with a great privacy risk if there are vulnerabilities in the device.  The objective of this thesis was to assess the security of Garmin’s smartwatch Venu and to demonstrate whether the smartwatch is secure or not. The task of fully validating the security of an application or device is nontrivial and cannot be perfectly achieved. However, this thesis uses a systematic approach using state of the art approaches to attempt to assess security.  The methodology PTES was applied which includes threat modelling. Threat modelling was used to list the possible vulnerabilities existing on the smartwatch. The tested vulnerabilities were selected based on the delimitations as well as their placing on an applied risk matrix. The vulnerabilities were then tested based on OWASP:s testing guide and ASVS.  It was found that Garmin Venu was generally secure with a few minor security flaws. The Swedish law limited the possible security tests, as this thesis was done without collaboration with Garmin. However, the thesis does provide pointers of needed further investigation for vulnerabilities as well as conclusions that suggest that the smartwatch is secure. The threat model in this thesis provides identified threats that were not analysed due to time constraints. The conclusion of this thesis encourages further analysis of the operating system Garmin runs on, as it opens up more potential threats to be penetration tested. / IoT-enheter inom den tekniska marknaden växer snabbt i popularitet. De är dock fortfarande nyutkomna och på grund av den snabba tillväxten och efterfrågan på marknaden är de också kända för att vara mer utsatta för attacker jämfört med andra applikationer. Smartklockan är en IoT-enhet som samlar in en stor mängd personuppgifter och kontinuerligt övervakar en konsument. Följaktligen tillkommer en stor integritetsrisk om det finns sårbarheter i enheten.  Syftet med detta examensarbete var att bedöma säkerheten för Garmins smartklocka Venu och undersöka om smartklockan är säker eller inte. Uppgiften att helt validera säkerheten för en applikation eller enhet är inte enkel och kan inte fullbordas. Emellertid använder detta arbete ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt som använder avancerade metoder för att försöka bedöma säkerheten.  Metoden PTES tillämpades vilken inkluderar hotmodellering. Hotmodellering användes för att lista upp de möjliga sårbarheter som finns på smartklockan. De testade sårbarheterna valdes utifrån begränsningarna för examensarbetet och deras placering i en tillämpad riskmatris. Sårbarheterna testades sedan baserat på OWASPs testguide och ASVS.  Sammanfattningsvis konstaterades att Garmin Venu i allmänhet var säker med några mindre säkerhetsfel. Svensk lag begränsade de möjliga säkerhetstesterna, eftersom detta examensarbete gjordes utan samarbete med Garmin. Arbetet ger tips om ytterligare väsentliga granskningar för sårbarheter samt bidrar med slutsatser som tyder på att smartklockan är säker. Hotmodellen i detta arbete innehåller identifierade hot som inte analyserades på grund av tidsbegränsning. Avslutningen i detta examensarbete uppmuntrar bland annat till ytterligare analys av det operativsystem Garmin körs på, eftersom det öppnar upp möjligheten till ytterligare penetrationstest av potentiella hot.

New technology is revolutionizing the retail industry by providing new conditions and questioning the traditional way of shopping. Wearable devices have gained popularity lately and smartwatches are one of the most popular among them [12]. However, little research has been made in the area of creating experiences for grocery retail purchases using smartwatches, which is where this study aims to contribute. Through establishing what affordances and challenges there might be when creating a digital experience for people using smart watches with the intent of purchasing groceries. With the support from CompanyX, one of the leading companies with their core business in grocery retail, the study was built around Apple Watch users as the target group. An experience-centered design method was used to incorporate the end user at each stage of the design process. A high fidelity prototype was created based on the decoded material from the semi-structured interviews performed. The prototype was then evaluated in a remote setup using both in-depth test sessions and a broader evaluation questionnaire. The results showed that the prototype proposed added value for the user by providing an experience that would encourage a more structured and inspirational way of purchasing groceries. The attitude towards the prototype was positive. However, further improvements are suggested and discussed aiming to suit the limited interaction options of a smartwatch, better. The study provides insights in what the attitude looks towards different types of functionalities aiming to create an enhanced grocery shopping experience among Apple Watch users. / Nya tekniska förutsättningar revolutionerar handelsmarknaden genom nya förutsättningar som ifrågasätter traditionellt sätt att handla på. Teknologier som Wearables har under de senaste åren blivit mycket populära där de vristburna enheterna är de som står ut särskilt i popularitet. Dock har lite studier gjorts på hur man med hjälp av Wearables skulle kunna skapa en upplevelse ämnad att underlätta shoppingupplevelsen hos personer som handlar matvaror. Vad öppnar en smartklocka upp för förutsättningar och vad finns det för utmaningar att skapa en upplevelse med hjälp av en smartklocka? Med stöd från CompanyX, en av Sveriges ledande företag inom dagligvaruhandel, byggdes studien kring Apple Watch-användare. Användaren var central genom hela studien då den var byggt runt användarbeteenden och användarupplevelser. En prototyp skapades baserat på de resultat som fastställdes kring användandet, samt testad på slutanvändarna. Resultaten visade att prototypen skapade värde för användaren då den uppmuntrade till ett mer strukturerat samt inspirerande sätt att handla matvaror på. Prototypen togs emot positivt men skulle gynnas av ytterligare förbättringar och design iterationer främst kring smartklockans begränsade interaktionsmöjligheter. Studien bidrar med insikter kring hur attityden ser ut kring skapandet av en användarupplevelse för matvaruhandel i en smartklocka hos Apple Watch användare.