Nuestro trabajo de investigación aborda la implementación de una idea de negocio, la cual está representada en nuestra marca Plus Pure Water. Empresa enfocada en ofrecer filtros purificadores de perfil ecológico para personas del nivel socioeconómico A, B y C de Lima Metropolitana que busquen obtener agua pura y reducir el impacto ambiental. El proyecto se extiende en todas las fases por la cuales tuvimos que pasar para sustentar nuestra propuesta de negocio. Es así que, en un principio se explica cómo se desarrolló nuestra propuesta de valor, poniendo en evidencia los principales beneficios de nuestro producto y la forma en la cual se va satisfacer las distintas necesidades de nuestro público objetivo. Luego, presentamos una serie de experimentos que tuvieron como finalidad principal la validación de la idea de negocio, para ello utilizamos estrategias de publicidad y marketing en redes sociales para presentar los filtros y darles exposición por todos nuestros canales de atención. En esta etapa del trabajo desarrollamos como se tuvo el primer acercamiento con nuestros potenciales clientes debido a las interacciones que se daban en dichos medios. Terminado este punto, pasamos a tocar la manera en que realizamos las proyecciones de venta con la finalidad de sustentar nuestra rentabilidad en el Mercado. Finalizando la estimación de los ingresos por filtros y repuestos, pasamos a desarrollar la planificación de las estrategias por área administrativa, en las cuales presentamos cronogramas de actividades por cada sector, además los presupuestos establecidos por área en un horizonte de tres años. / Our investigation is about launching a business on the market, which is represented in our Plus Pure Water brand. Company focused on offering ecological profile purifying filters for people of the socioeconomic level A, B and C of Lima Metropolitana who seek to obtain pure water and reduce the environmental impact. The project extends in all phases that we had to go through to support our business proposal. Thus, it initially explains how our value proposition was developed, highlighting the main benefits of our product and how the different needs of our target audience will be met. Then, we present a series of experiments that had as their main purpose the validation of the business idea, for this we use advertising and marketing strategies on social networks to present the filters and give them exposure through all our channels of attention. At this stage of the work we developed how we had the first approach with our potential clients due to the interactions that occurred in those media. At the end of this point, we move on to the way we make the sales projections in order to sustain our profitability in the Market. Finalizing the estimation of revenue by filters and spare parts, we went on to develop the planning of strategies by administrative area, in which we present schedules of activities for each sector, in addition the budgets established by area over a horizon of three years. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación evidencia la migración del mundo entorno a los chamánico a las redes sociales. Esa migración ha permitido una mercantilización de la cultura; es decir, ha hecho más fácil la venta de este mundo entorno a lo chamánico a través web. Cada uno de los personajes analizados en la investigación difunde un determinado discurso entorno a lo chamánico que se construye a través de diversos elementos como la vestimenta, los instrumentos musicales, un determinado tono de voz o gestos. Estos discursos antes podían ser difundidos en espacios físicos; sin embargo, gracias a las redes sociales ahora pueden ser anunciados de manera virtual. En la actualidad, estos ‘’chamanes’’ difunden contenido en redes sociales que evidencia un trabajo de producción, edición y conocimiento web, lo que les permite convertirse en creadores de contenido con un fin netamente mercantil. / This research work shows the migration of shamanic work shows the migration of shamanic world to social networks. This migration has allowed a commodification of culture; that´s to say, it has made it easier to sell this world around the shamanic through the web. Each of the characters analyzed in the research disseminates a certain discourse around the shamanic that is constructed through various elements such as clothing, musical instruments, a certain tone of voice or gestures. These discourses could previously be broadcast in physical spaces, however, social networks can now be advertised virtually. Currently, these ´´shamans´´ disseminate content n social networks that evidences a production, editing and web knowledge, allowing them to become content creators for a purely commercial purpose. / Trabajo de investigación

Ma thèse cherche à capturer interactions complexes entre les effets positifs et négatifs en fouillant dans les deux relations sociales qui ont été relativement peu étudiées: les liens négatifs et les liens ambivalents au sein des équipes. Dans le premier essai, je cherche à délimiter les conflits intra-équipe dans différents modèles de liens négatifs entre les membres de l'équipe, en complétant l'approche du conflit intra-équipe qui s’est concentrée sur le contenu des conflits (p. Ex., Tâche ou conflit interpersonnel). En adoptant une approche de configuration, je présente une typologie du conflit intra-équipe qui repose sur quatre configurations prototypiques de liens négatifs: «champ de bataille», «ennemi public», «duel» et «factions rivales». Je montre comment ces configurations des liens négatifs nous aident à mieux comprendre les origines et les conséquences des conflits d'équipe et détermine également comment les liens positifs peuvent atténuer les effets négatifs de chaque type de conflit d'équipe.Le deuxième essai explique la nature des relations ambivalentes au sein des équipes. Dans cette étude, je cherche avancer la littérature sur les liens ambivalents en favorisant la compréhension des relations ambivalentes. Surtout, je clarifie une confusion commune entre les liens ambivalents et ambigus en identifiant leurs antécédents distincts au niveau individuel et dyadique. S’appuyant sur la clarification des relations ambivalentes dans le deuxième essai, le troisième essai prend l'ambivalence dans un contexte d'équipe, en introduisant le concept d'ambivalence de l'équipe. En supposant que l'ambivalence des équipes sur leurs équipes est profondément enracinée dans leur expérience de les relations dyadiques au sein de leurs équipes, je propose deux modèles de relation différents qui mènent à l'ambivalence de l'équipe: incohérence et empêchement entre liens. Sur la base de ces modèles, je propose un modèle théorique qui explore les origines et les conséquences de l'ambivalence de l'équipe. / My dissertation seeks to capture the complex interplays between positive and negative affects by delving into the two social relations that have been relatively understudied: negative ties and ambivalent ties within teams. In the first essay, I seek to delineate intra-team conflicts into different patterns of negative ties among team members, complementing the approach to intra-team conflict that has focused on the contents of conflict (e.g., task or interpersonal conflict). Taking a configural approach, I present a typology of within-team conflict that is based on four prototypical configurations of negative ties: “Battlefield,” “Public Enemy,” “Duels,” and “Rival Factions.” I demonstrate how these configurations of negative ties help us to better understand the origins and consequences of team conflict, and also delineate how positive ties could mitigate the negative effects of each team conflict type.The second essay explicates the nature of ambivalent relationships within teams. In this study, I seek to advance the literature on ambivalent ties by furthering the understanding of ambivalent relationships. In particular, I attempt to dispel a common confusion between ambivalent and ambiguous ties by identifying their distinct antecedents at the individual and dyadic level. Building on the clarification of ambivalent relationships in the second essay, the third essay takes the ambivalence to a team context, introducing the concept of “team ambivalence.” With the assumption that team members’ ambivalence about their teams is deeply rooted in their experience of dyadic relationships within their teams, I propose two different relationship patterns that lead to team ambivalence: within-tie and between-tie incongruence. Based on these patterns, I propose a theoretical model that explores the origins and consequences of team ambivalence.

The aim of this multiple and independent quantitative and qualitative methods study was to investigate the relevance of Facebook groups for doctoral students during their dissertation process. A convenience sampling approach was used to survey quantitatively the Texas A&M Ed.D. online doctoral students who met the inclusion criteria. The participants completed a valid, web-based survey using the Doctoral Student Connectedness Scale (DSCS, Terrell et al., 2009). Purposeful sampling was used to recruit a sub-sample of participants who subsequently responded to semi-structured interview questions via web conferencing. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive statistics using SPSS for Mac. Content analysis of the qualitative data was performed using QSR NVivo 11 software. Ethnographic and Thematic analysis used Saldaña’s (2013) two-stage eclectic coding, where emergent themes helped explain the quantitative analysis results. These results revealed that student-to-student regular communications was the only DSCS indicator proven to be statistically/practically significant. While the quantitative results of this study were inconsistent with the results of previous studies, the qualitative data provided additional understanding of the indicators regarding the student-to-student connectedness factor and the CoP by offering their theoretical themes and their emerging themes described as alternate communications. These preferred forms of communication added perspective to low-quality relationships by further explaining that students abandoned the cohort Facebook group due to an institutional procedure designed to divide the cohort into smaller thematic groups. Because the success expressed by the doctoral student cohort group failed to be reproduced in the smaller thematic groups, it is recommended that newly structured thematic constructs incorporate the student input presented in this study.

This study examined peer group processes in the classroom that can potentially explain how motivationally "rich" children get "richer" whereas motivationally "poor" children get "poorer." In contrast to research on group processes which focuses on socialization from group to individual, this study focuses on contributions from the individual to his/her group. The viewpoint taken for this study is that children actively choose group members based on their own self-system state, thereby creating their own peer environments in which they develop.Viewed as open complex systems, children's natural peer groups were examined using data collected from students and their teachers at five measurement points across a school year in four grade 4/5 classrooms. Out of 112 students, data were obtained for 94 (51 male, 43 female) children regarding their classroom engagement, peer network affiliations, and associative preferences ("ideal groups" of classmates with whom they would like to hang out). In an effort to overcome some of the challenges that group researchers face, methodologies argued to reliably capture children's networks and to measure the network's psychological characteristics were used. In addition, a hierarchical systems framework was applied whereby the underlying group processes could be examined across time. Two of seven hierarchical perspectives were used to examine influences from the individual to his/her network. Focusing first on the changing nature of a child's network, findings revealed a pattern of robust equilibrium. Networks showed an initial period of rapid change in member turnover (approximately 45%) during the first few months and then evolved quickly toward a stable (attractor) state of approximately 25% turnover the remainder of the year. Focusing next on the proximal processes by which the peer network emerges--selection and elimination--children were found to be more similar to those whom they would like to select than those whom they would like to eliminate. Taken together, the findings suggest that the child creates a peer context in the classroom that is stimulating and compatible to his/her own changes in engagement across the school year, thereby providing a possible explanation for how the motivationally "rich" get "richer" and the "poor" get "poorer".

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Following the trend of online data sharing and publishing, researchers raise their concerns about the privacy problem. Online Social Networks (OSNs), for example, often contain sensitive information about individuals. Therefore, anonymizing network data before releasing it becomes an important issue. This dissertation studies the privacy preservation problem from the perspectives of both attackers and defenders. To defenders, preserving the private information while keeping the utility of the published OSN is essential in data anonymization. At one extreme, the final data equals the original one, which contains all the useful information but has no privacy protection. At the other extreme, the final data is random, which has the best privacy protection but is useless to the third parties. Hence, the defenders aim to explore multiple potential methods to strike a desirable tradeoff between privacy and utility in the published data. This dissertation draws on the very fundamental problem, the definition of utility and privacy. It draws on the design of the privacy criterion, the graph abstraction model, the utility method, and the anonymization method to further address the balance between utility and privacy. To attackers, extracting meaningful information from the collected data is essential in data de-anonymization. De-anonymization mechanisms utilize the similarities between attackers’ prior knowledge and published data to catch the targets. This dissertation focuses on the problems that the published data is periodic, anonymized, and does not cover the target persons. There are two thrusts in studying the de-anonymization attacks: the design of seed mapping method and the innovation of generating-based attack method. To conclude, this dissertation studies the online data privacy problem from both defenders’ and attackers’ point of view and introduces privacy and utility enhancement mechanisms in different novel angles.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between basketball participation and academic integration at one NCAA Division Ill school. Research on the college experiences of NCAA Division I male student-athletes in corporate sports has demonstrated that athletic participation does not enhance academic integration. Conversely, Division I women athletes have become academically integrated despite participating in intercollegiate athletics. Therefore, this study sought to discover integration differences between males and females at the Division Ill level and made comparisons with the Division I literature. Academic integration was defined as a belief in the academic goals of an institution based on academic involvement, peer interaction, faculty interaction and involvement in work, sport or other extracurricular activities. Nine male and five female Division Ill basketball players from one liberal arts college were interviewed. Based on qualitative analyses, three major themes were identified. First, the student-athletes were predisposed to academic integration based on their high school grade point averages, test scores, parent's education and social class. Second, once in college, they became academically integrated through academic planning, extracurricular involvement, and peer and faculty interaction. Finally, through their coach's assistance with academic planning and the social interaction it created, basketball played a partial role in the integration process for men. Women, however, did not use basketball as their primary means of establishing social ties and did not receive academic assistance from their coach. These were the only differences between genders. The school's academic climate and structure were the most significant factors impacting academic integration. The coach's ability to support these was a secondary factor. When compared to Division I males, these male student-athletes were much more integrated. The females in the current study were similar to their Division I counterparts with respect to academic integration.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19980号 / 工博第4224号 / 新制||工||1653(附属図書館) / 33076 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 Cruz Ana Maria , 教授 小林 潔司, 准教授 横松 宗太 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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