每一項學術研究進行，其理論基礎都必需要建立於過去已完成的研究之上，因此文獻尋找與探討是進行研究過程非常重要的一個步驟。在數位時代與網際網路的加乘效益之下，改變了過去研究者必需為參考文獻東奔西跑的文獻資料尋找方式，但是卻會造成研究者被許多數位文獻淹沒。借用自網頁分析技術而設計的Google學術搜尋網路工具，能透過已經計算好的文獻權重PaperRank排序使用者所尋找的文獻集合，讓使用者能在數位文獻之中依單篇文獻被引用次數為原則而理出頭緒，但其順序式的排列仍然不能夠揭露出搜尋到的文獻集合裡彼此之間的關聯，其中包括了文獻所使用的關鍵字、作者與參考文獻。為了處理了解文獻中多維度的複雜資料關聯，最好的方式還是依賴人類的視覺化資訊處理能力，特別是當資料量大並且需要在短時間內決策時。 此外使用在文獻分析研究中，學者們使用共同引用(co-citation)、共同作者(co-work)、共同作者引用(co-author)等分析方式，配合延伸自社會網路分析理論中的社會密度(social distance)、關聯層級(social degree)、群(clique)等參數概念，試將複雜的文獻資料有脈絡地按排供參考。僅管此是工作難以機械化且消耗時間的(Börner, Chen , Boyack, 2003)，但是卻能將某一特定領域的發展直覺地呈現出來，如此若能將這些分析方式配合視覺化的呈現，則研究學者便能更進一步了進行大量文獻資料視覺化的分析、探索。 本研究試提出一個新的協助文獻探索平台系統架構，將傳統的文字搜尋轉變為視覺化的資料探索。使用者能透過三種不同的層級的資料：知識本體與關鍵字層、引文網路層及人員網路層，並與呈現的資料互動進一步了解資料間的關聯方式。最後實作視覺化雛型平台，並使用在國家圖書館所提供的博、碩士論文網所提供的論文資料，提供給研究人員探索特定知識領域中新研究方向的探索工具，並能協助研究者能在尚未完瞭解的專業領域之前，能快速地瞭解在該其領域重要文獻的導引平台。 / Paper survey is the most important task for building earnest theories, while researchers conducting academic researches. One must touches the fundamental detail of each theory and track down the develop-path of what achievement have been established by previous researches. Benefit from synergy of information age and document digitalized, it not only reduces the cost of finding reference documents, but also makes researchers suffer from information overwhelming after click single “search it” bottom. Stand in for traditional paper web search methods, new academic paper search technology borrowing from the idea of web search engine calculates the importance of each paper by cited number, and recommends users the most important papers by serial listing. However, serial listing does never spell the relationships of suggesting papers out, but only those results match some specific criteria. Those relationships of papers can be classified into 3 different types: the relations of keywords and references that author used and social relationship of authors like co-author and author co-citation which have been developed to explain the complex citation network structures. Those multi-dimensional relationships are extremely abundant and complex, so there is no better way to deal with but depending on visual data processing within human nature. In this paper, we try to propose a new platform to transform paper search in serial listing, into a visualized explore platform by demonstrating 3 different types of relationship: ontology-keywords, papers-references and personnel-references. End users can fallow the relationships between each difference nodes to explore considerable references, as well as change into different view and interact with existing information by using interactive mechanizes. In order to bring this idea to practical application usage, we build a proto-type platform to show our idea by using data from ETDS (electronic theses and dissertations system) of Ministry of education. We hope sincerely by using this proto-type platform, users can catch the major ideas of specific knowledge domain and researchers can explore acceptable references and even conduct new search topic.

本研究的焦點主要圍繞在兩大主軸：社會鑲嵌性與決策，探討在行動者間社會網絡的關係結構下，決策的影響力與決策行為的社會性。換言之，本研究認為決策並非僅是理性的產物，更多的時候，反而是理性與非理性因素交互作用的結果。也就是說，決策必然鑲嵌在決策者間的社會網絡關係結構，任何的決策都無可避免的必須考量到決策者間的關係型態所造成的限制。本研究使用牙醫與中醫總額支付委員會作為研究的個案，除了讓社會網絡與決策網絡的邊界更清楚，更符合研究校度之外，也希望能夠進一步透過兩個案的分析，一方面透過社會網絡分析瞭解兩支付委員會可能的權力分佈與結構，二方面分析影響決策權力分佈與決策產出的關係機制為何，並藉此來驗證決策的社會鑲嵌性此一概念。 本研究使用事務討論、信任支持、法規諮詢與資源交換四個社會關係網絡來測量行動者在決策過程中的社會關係，並用以驗證決策者的決策影響力與決策的一致性是否鑲嵌在這四個網絡的結構當中。本研究透過社會網絡的問卷蒐集了牙醫支委會18筆與中醫支委會21筆資料（N=56），並透量化社會網絡分析方法中的集中性指數、派系、網絡密度、區截模型與縮影矩陣、MDS分析與QAP的相關與迴歸分析等分析工具，從個體、小團體層次、與總體的結構層次，分析牙醫與中醫支委會的行動者在網絡中的關係型態與位置角色。此外，更透過上述分析中所獲得的集中性指數的分析結果當作自變項，並放入迴歸模型之中，藉以驗證是否對集體決策產出的觀感造成影響。 總的來說，本研究可歸納以下研究結論：一、在牙醫與中醫支付委員會的個案中，委員決策的影響力與決策行為，確實都受到四個社會網絡結構的影響，驗證了決策的社會鑲嵌性此一觀點；二、無論從個體、小團體或總體結構的分析層次，得到的分析結果都很類似，具有決策影響力並與其他行動者有密切的社會關係的行動者，在牙醫支委會有牙醫全聯會的H11, H16與健保局的A2，但中醫支委會的部分，就沒有健保局的代表，反而僅有中醫全聯會代表，顯見在牙醫部門當中，權力的分佈屬於公、私部門間二元的機制，但中醫的部分僅有集中在中區中醫師；三、委員的出席確實會受到委員個人政策影響力與資源交換網絡的顯著影響，顯示個人政策影響力愈大，與其他委員資源交換關係愈頻繁的委員，參與會議的意願較高；四、從影響集體決策產出觀感的因素來說，事務討論關係與在事務討論網絡的派系重疊程度對集體決策產出的觀感有顯著且正面的影響，個人的決策影響力與年資反而有負面且顯著的影響。 本研究大的貢獻，一驗證了決策的社會鑲嵌性此一觀點，決策必須將社會關係變項考量，二是在公共行政領域中第一本以系統化的方式使用社會網絡分析工具的論文，非但具有示範性的作用，也跨越了過去公共行政網絡研究過於喻象的分析缺陷。根據分析結果，本研究提出以下四點政策建議：一、中醫支委會的健保局代表應當夠積極的與中醫全聯會的代表建立溝通的關係，以構築決策影響力的社會基礎；二、委員會中若不具決策影響力，又在社會關係上沒有跟其他行動者互動，則應考慮其存在的實質意義；三、由於年資長短對決策觀感會有負面影響，健保局應更積極的與年資較久的委員溝通請益，瞭解他們為何會對委員會的運作績效有負面的想法，藉以強化委員會的功能；四、加強委員之間的總額事務討論的交換意見的關係，有助於集體決策的產出。 / Decision making is a collective activity rather than an individual option. In literature, collective action can be symbolized as a network. The concept of network has emerged as an intellectual centrepiece in the field of public administration and the speedy development of social network analysis has facilitated “network research” to go beyond only a metaphor. However, most previous decision theories based on the concept of rationality have not seriously considered a network’s impact on the policy process. This research attempts to verify the causal relationship between social embeddedness and decision-making by examining how policy elites’ personal interactions shape individuals’ decision-making behaviour, influential power and the collective decision performance. This research focuses on the result of the mutual influence between rational and non-rational factors. Two cases (the Dental and Chinese Medicine Global Budget Payment Committees) are discussed by applying quantitative social network analysis in order to systemically expand the current understanding of the power distribution and its influential factors in these two decision making committees in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance domain. In regard to methodology, four participants’ social networks were designed not only to examine the social relationship between these committee members but also to analyse the phenomenon of social embeddedness in these two cases. There are totally 39 successful respondents (apx. 80% response rate, N=56) and these raw data were analysed by the indicators such as network centrality index, cliques, network density, block model, image matrix, MDS and QAP correlation, hierarchical regression in order to answer the research questions. Furthermore, this research is based on three analytical levels in social network analysis: “individual relationship”, “small group” and “global structure”, and not only explores the connection, power exercise and decision-making behaviour between these committee members but also analyses their role and position through the perspective of global network structure. The research verifies the hypothesis “decision-making is embeddeded in the structure of the actors’ interconnected social relationships” and utilizes the quantitative social network analytical method systematically to let network study go beyond a metaphor in the research field of public administration. I conclude that the distribution of the decision-making power and behaviour are both influenced by the committees’ social networks. Furthermore, the power distribution in the dental committee is two cores between the dental association and the BNHI, but the committee of Chinese Medicine is just one core of the Chinese Medicine association. With regard to attendance network as the independent variable, two factors significantly and positively influence the committee members’ attendance network: “decision-making influential network” and “resource exchange network”. Finally, the factors of “the NHI affair discussion network” and “the affair discussion clique centrality degree” have positive statistical significance but relatively the factors of “personal decision making influence” and “seniority” have negative statistical significance on the interviewees’ perception of the collective policy outcome.

隨著資訊技術的進步，各種史料文本的數位化工作已經處理完成，運用資訊技術於史料文本分析的研究日益增加。本研究以詞頻分析與社會網路分析為主軸，對於古代《易經》爻辭的文字進行多元化的觀察，本研究首先以詞頻分析探討《易經》爻辭字詞頻率的觀察，再利用《易經》爻辭位置資訊建構成各個社會網路結構，對每個社會網路結構運算各項社會網路指標數據，最後將實驗結果與過往《易經》爻辭的論點做印證與對照，期望對於《易經》爻辭之分析，有更多元性的客觀研究觀察。本研究提供了一個分析《易經》爻辭的新面向，也可供未來研究者對於其他古文研究作參考。 / With advances in information technology, digitization of various historical text has been completed.The study of historical text analysis by using information technology is in-creasing daily.In this paper, we used word frequency analysis and social network analy-sis in the I-Ching line statements.First, we used word frequency analysis in I-Ching line statements,using N-gram and TF-IDF technique analysis word frequency.Second, we constructed social network structure by I-Ching line statements position infor-mation,calculating several social network analysis indicator on each network.We com-pared our experiment results with some existing I-Ching theory, expecting to get more objective results and more diverse analysis for the I-Ching line statements. We not only provided a new perspective to study I-Ching line statements but also expected to help other researchers to study different historical text.

New Caledonian crows (NC crows; Corvus moneduloides) are the most prolific avian tool-users and crafters, using up to three unique tool types derived from numerous plant materials. Since the discovery that wild populations of NC crows use and manufacture different tools in different locations with no measured environmental correlates to these distributions, the process by which NC crows acquire their tool-oriented behavior has been investigated. Two major findings were discovered in 2005: NC crows have a genetic predisposition to manipulate stick like objects, and they increase their rate of manipulation when exposed to social influences. Since then, much of the research into the sociality of wild NC crows has focused on direct social influences, especially the parent-juvenile relationship, yet no social network of wild NC crows has been described. In my thesis, I characterized a new proximity-logging device, Encounternet, and outline a four-step plan to assess error in animal borne devices; uncovered drivers, such as relatedness, space-use, and environmental factors, of wild NC crow sociality, and experimentally manipulated the social network, revealing immediate changes to the number of day-time and roosting partners, the breakdown of first-order relatedness driving sociality, and an increase in the amount of time NC crows associate; and revealed an indirect pathway via tools left behind by conspecifics allowing for the transmission of tool-properties between unrelated NC crows. Altogether, I furthered our understanding of wild NC crow sociality through the use of an animal-borne device, experimental manipulation in the wild measuring the response of the NC crow social network, and demonstrated the utility of animal-borne devices in mapping the network of a population of wild birds.

L’étude scientifique des réseaux criminels démontre, de plus en plus, que leur structure est flexible et dynamique et que la thèse du contrôle ou de la centralisation des marchés criminels est discutable. Pourtant, devant la présence d’une organisation criminelle dite «traditionnelle» dans un marché criminel, autant la population que les milieux médiatiques, politiques, policiers et judiciaires, peuvent percevoir le marché comme étant contrôlé par cette organisation. Le fait de surévaluer la menace réelle de certains groupes criminels et de considérer que la centralisation des marchés criminels existent au détriment de la collaboration entre différents individus et groupes d’un réseau, peut notamment influencer les stratégies policières. D’une part, les autorités policières peuvent orienter leurs stratégies en tenant pour acquis que la structure dont s’est doté une présumée organisation criminelle se transpose dans le marché criminel dans lequel ses membres opèrent. D’autre part, cette organisation devient la première cible des autorités et les autres participants du réseau se voient accorder une moins grande importance dans les activités du marché. La recherche qui suit présente les résultats d’une analyse de réseau effectuée à partir des transcriptions de surveillances électroniques et physiques issues d’une importante opération policière visant la lutte aux motards criminalisés : l’opération Printemps 2001. À l’aide de ces données, un réseau de 349 individus a été créé. Bien que la cible principale de l’opération policière ait été l’organisation des Hell’s Angels, plus précisément, le chapitre Nomads et son club-école, les Rockers, d’autres groupes et d’autres individus ont été interceptés par les surveillances policières. Il ressort des analyses de la position occupée par l’ensemble des groupes et des individus identifiés, que les principales cibles des autorités policières n’étaient pas celles qui occupaient les positions les plus stratégiques pour être influentes et durer dans la portion du marché ciblée par l’opération. / The scientific study of criminal networks reveals that their structure is flexible and dynamic and that the thesis supporting the control or the centralization of the criminal markets are at the least debatable. Nevertheless when a «traditional» criminal organization is active in a criminal market, the people, the media, the politicians, the police force and the judiciary tend to perceive that the market is under the control of that organization. In over-evaluating the real threat posed by certain criminal groups and in considering that there is a centralization of the criminal markets held by a known criminal organization, police strategy is biased and underscores the importance and influence of other individuals or groups of persons within the criminal market. Police strategy is then oriented in thinking that the structure of a criminal organization is transposed in the criminal market wherein its members operate. Consequently, the organization becomes the main target of the authorities and giving less attention to the other actors in the activities of the market. The following research paper presents the results of a network analysis taking its main sources from transcripts of electronic and physical surveillance collected during an important police operation against criminal bikers in the Province of Québec, Canada, and known as Operation Springtime 2001. From these transcripts, a network of 349 individuals was created. Though, the Hells Angels organization and more precisely the Nomads Chapter and its farm team, the Rockers, were the main targets of the police operation, other groups and individuals were also intercepted by police surveillance. After analysis of the position occupied by all the groups and individual that were identified it became apparent that the main target of the police authorities were not those who held the most strategic positions to exercise influence and last in the market under examination by the operation Operation Springtime 2001.

Au Québec, des réseaux ont été implantés afin de contrer le manque d’intégration des services offerts aux personnes vivant avec un traumatisme cranio-cérébral (TCC). Toutefois, l’évaluation de leur performance est actuellement limitée par l’absence de description et de conceptualisation de leur performance. Le but de cette thèse est de poser les bases préliminaires d’un processus d’évaluation de la performance des réseaux TCC. Nos objectifs sont de 1) décrire les organisations, la nature et la qualité des liens ainsi que la configuration d’un réseau TCC; 2) connaître les perceptions des constituants du réseau quant aux forces, faiblesses, opportunités et menaces propres à cette forme organisationnelle; 3) documenter et comparer les perceptions de répondants provenant de divers types d’organisations quant à l’importance de 16 dimensions du concept de performance pour l’évaluation des réseaux TCC; 4) réconcilier les perceptions différentes afin de proposer une hiérarchisation consensuelle des dimensions de la performance. En utilisant la méthode de l’analyse du réseau social, nous avons décrit un réseau de petite taille, modérément dense et essentiellement organisé autour de quatre organisations fortement centralisées. Les constituants ont décrit leur réseau comme présentant autant de forces que de faiblesses. La majorité des enjeux rapportés étaient relatifs à l’Adaptation du réseau à son environnement et au Maintien des Valeurs. Par ailleurs, les représentants des 46 organisations membre d’un réseau TCC ont perçu les dimensions de la performance relatives à l’Atteinte des buts comme étant plus importantes que celles relatives aux Processus. La Capacité d’attirer la clientèle, la Continuité et la Capacité de s’adapter pour répondre aux besoins des clients étaient les trois dimensions les plus importantes, tandis que la Capacité de s’adapter aux exigences et aux tendances et la Quantité de soins et de services étaient les moins importants. Les groupes TRIAGE ont permis aux constituants de s’entendre sur l’importance accordée à chaque dimension et d’uniformiser leurs différentes perspectives. Bien que plusieurs étapes demeurent à franchir pour actualiser le processus d’évaluation de la performance des réseaux TCC québécois, nos travaux permettent de poser des bases scientifiques solides qui optimisent la pertinence et l’appropriation des résultats pour les étapes ultérieures. / Networks have been implemented in Québec to address the lack of coordination and integration of services provided to persons who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The evaluation of the networks’ performance is hindered by the lack of a clear description of the networks and because the concept of network performance is poorly defined. The goal of this thesis is to conduct the necessary preliminary steps of network performance evaluation. We sought to: 1) describe the organizations, nature and quality of the links between organizations within an existing TBI network; 2) explore the perceptions of network constituencies about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this organizational form; 3) report and compare network members’ perceptions of the importance of 16 dimensions of performance to include within an evaluation of TBI networks; 4) reconcile the various perceptions to propose a consensual hierarchy of performance dimensions. Social network analysis was used to describe a small network, with a moderate density, essentially organized around four organizations with high centrality. The constituents reported their network as having as many strengths as weaknesses. The major issues reported concerned the network’s Adaptation to its environment and Value maintenance. The representatives from 46 organization members of a TBI network felt that performance dimensions related to Goal Achievement were more important than those related to Process. The Capacity to attract the clientele, Continuity and the Capacity to adapt and meet client’s needs were the three most important dimensions, while the Capacity to adapt to requirements and tendencies and Quantity of care and services were the least important. TRIAGE groups enabled the constituents to reach a consensus about the importance of each dimension, and harmonized their different perspectives about network performance evaluation. Although much work remains, our research provides a solid basis upon which to pursue the network performance evaluation process towards optimizing TBI network services.

Les travaux traditionnels sur le crime organisé indiquent que le statut d’un individu déterminerait son succès individuel. Des recherches alternatives sur les réseaux des organisations criminelles et de la réussite criminelle indiquent que le rang est moins important que la croyance générale et que les mesures de positionnement stratégique de réseau sont plus susceptibles de déterminer le succès criminel. Ce mémoire étudie les variations des gains criminels au sein de l’organisation de distribution illicite de stupéfiants des Hells Angels. Son objectif est de distinguer, à l’aide de données de comptabilité autorévélées, les éléments influençant ces différences dans le succès criminel en fonction du positionnement plus stratégique ou vulnérable d’un individu au sein de son réseau. Les résultats révèlent des moyennes de volume d’argent transigé beaucoup plus élevées que ce qui est généralement recensé. La distribution de ces capitaux est largement inégale. La disparité des chances liées à l’association criminelle se retrouve aussi dans la polarisation entre les individus fortement privilégiés et les autres qui ont une capacité de positionnement médiocre. Le croisement entre les positions et l’inégalité des gains présente que le positionnement de l’individu dans son réseau est un meilleur prédicteur de réussite criminelle que toute autre variable contextuelle ou de rang. Enfin et surtout, en contradiction avec la littérature, le fait d’atteindre de haut rang hiérarchique nuirait au succès criminel, les résultats montrant que cet état réduit l’accès au crédit, réduit les quantités de drogue par transaction et augmente le prix de la drogue à l’unité. / Traditional work on organized crime indicates that one’s status determines his individual success. Alternative research on criminal organization’s networks and criminal success however, reveal that the rank is less important than generally believed and that the measures of strategic positioning in a network are more likely to influence criminal achievement. This thesis examines income fluctuations within the Hells Angels Nomads, an illegal drug distribution organization in Québec. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the factors contributing to these differences in criminal success according to an offender’s strategic or vulnerable positioning within its network, using self-report account data. The results show that the average amount of money traded is much higher than what is usually identified in the literature and its distribution is largely uneven. The disparity of opportunity related to criminal association is also reflected in the polarization between highly privileged individuals and other individuals who have a poor positioning capacity. The interaction between position and earning inequalities demonstrates that the positioning of an individual in its network is a better predictor of success than rank or any other criminal context variable. Most importantly, and in opposition with the literature, achieving high rank would be detrimental to one’s criminal success. Results demonstrate that this state reduces access to credit, reduces the amount of drug per transaction and increases the price of drugs per unit.

Nonprofit housing organizations primarily exist to address the housing needs of low-income residents, whose housing needs are not sufficiently met by the public or private housing market. NHOs are very similar to private corporations in their size, productivity and commitment to the “bottom line.” However, unlike private firms, NHOs are “mission driven” instead profit-driven corporations. The development of affordable housing in the nonprofit housing sector requires a myriad of financial and non-financial resources. As competition for financial resources intensifies many organizations are adopting strategies as a means to not only reduce organizational uncertainty and sustain them, but also increase or maintain organizational capacity. The evolution of the role of nonprofit organizations coupled with market pressures such as attracting investment, competing for clients, and retaining and hiring skilled employees shapes the need for them to adopt market culture strategies (Salamon, 1999). A key strategy of market culture is collaboration (Frost and Sullivan, 2006). This dissertation study was designed to examine interorganizational relationships between nonprofit housing organizations in the Richmond Metropolitan area, and the influence of organizational characteristics, environmental conditions, and resource availability on an organization’s Level of Collaboration. Furthermore, the study examined the attitudes and perceptions of executive directors of collaboration. The primary research question is: Do nonprofit housing organizations display identifiable patterns of relationships with each other? This study contributes several important findings to furthering the understanding of collaboration within the nonprofit sector, and the relationship between organizational characteristics, environmental conditions, and resource availability and an organization’s Level of Collaboration (interorganizational relationships). Study findings convey that the examination of the network itself using social network analysis is a useful tool for examining relationships and identifying opportunities for collaboration. For this network it revealed that the organizations interact on an informal basis as well as identified the prominent actors are in the network. The findings of this study suggests that there are two key factors that influence nonprofit organizations establishing relationships interorganizational learning and personal characteristics.

This thesis has an aim to bring theoretical and empirical knowledge, which can be used to improve quality of multi-agent based modelling of public opinion. In the theoretical part is introduced the analytical sociology as methodological basis and the theory of the public opinion process as substantive basis. Based on these theories is defined the aim of the empirical work: explore the stability of communication structures leading to emergence of mutual awareness of actors in the public debate. For the research are used news comments and its rating by other users from the news server iDNES.cz. The data are analyzed using social network analysis. It is revealed that a number of characteristics is applicable to multi-agent model. At the same time work brings interesting findings about the internet discussion and public communication. The main empirical finding is that despite large turn-over of discussing individuals, communication structures remain stable over time.

Cette thèse propose d’étudier la construction sociale d’un marché des programmes de télévision en Afrique subsaharienne. A travers l’étude d’un salon où se rencontrent acheteurs (chaînes de télévision et intermédiaires de distributions) et vendeurs de programmes de télévision (studios, entreprises de distribution et producteurs indépendants), nous cherchons à comprendre comment ce salon entraîne la formation d’un milieu social et participe à l’intégration du marché africain des programmes au marché mondial. En effet, jusque dans les années 2000, une grande partie des chaînes de télévision africaines obtenaient des programmes gratuitement via plusieurs canaux. De lentes évolutions des règlementations et des infrastructures ont conduit ce secteur à adopter peu à peu un fonctionnement marchand. Le salon que nous étudions participe à ce processus puisqu’il est le premier à regrouper des distributeurs internationaux et des chaînes africaines. A travers une enquête ethnographique et trois analyses de réseaux d’échanges d’informations entre les participants menées durant trois ans au cours de différentes éditions du salon, cette thèse étudie comment plusieurs normes marchandes coexistent dans ce salon. Nous étudions le processus d’apprentissage collectif entre les participants du salon et montrons comment cet apprentissage favorise la sélection de normes marchandes communes. / In this dissertation, we analyze the social construction of a market of TV programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the study of a trade fair where buyers (TV channels, distribution intermediaries) and sellers of TV programs (studios, distributors and independent producers) can meet, negotiate, discuss, and close deals, we try to understand how this event participates in the transformation of the ways in which TV programs were “exchanged” in Africa and in the integration of the African TV programs market into the global one. TV programs distribution at the global level has long been considered to be a market. But until recently in Sub-Saharan Africa, TV channels used to acquire programs “for free” through diverse ways. Political, economic and technical evolutions have slowly transformed this sector into a market. The trade fair under examination in this research plays a central role in this evolution because it is the first to bring together the microcosm of this industry. We studied this event for three years and ran three surveys in order to collect social network data and analyze informal information exchange networks between attendees of the events. We study how trade fairs attendees learn from each other and define, select and share market values, norms and rules.