No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Based on Hirschi’s theory of social bonds, the purpose of this essay is to examine teachers’ experiences of students’ social bond to school as a prerequisite for crime prevention. Using a qualitative method the study aims to investigate teachers’ experiences through semi-structured interviews held with teachers’. The theory of social bonds distinguishes four different bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement and belief. According to Hirschi it is through strong social bonds that adolescents refrain from committing crimes. Research suggests that different forms of attachment to school have a connection with adolescent crime and that when the attachment to school increases the probability of crime decreases. The results of this study showed that teachers’ found that most students’ have a good, strong relationship with the teachers’ at school, that a majoirity of students respect the teachers’ as authorities as well as having a positive attitude towards schoolwork and the time they spend in school. This indicates that, according to the teachers’, students’ attachment, commitment, involvement and belief could be considered strong in relation to school. This can further be interpreted as a majority of students’ seemingly having a strong social bond to school and therefore being less likely to commit crimes.

Utilizing Social Control Theory, this study explores the role of participation in After School Programs, mentoring relationships, and commitment to school in reducing adolescent delinquency. This study uses local survey data of 556 youth attending Boys and Girls Clubs collected from 2010-2012. The negative binomial regression results indicate that increased club attendance is associated with reduced delinquency. This effect is mediated by the presence of a mentor and by the youths' commitment to school.

Recent correctional literature has turned attention to the impacts of social support on formerly incarcerated populations. However, the research lacks the specificity of how social support may benefit probationers. In addition, most of the literature does not examine gender differences and the experience of social support. Finding a way to efficiently deal with being on probation and the many conditions imposed on their freedom in the community in order to avoid probation revocation is a major concern and challenge confronting men and women placed under community supervision. Positive social support is vitally relevant to supervision well-being. From the reentry standpoint, exploring the effects and role of social support on individuals under probation supervision is critical to understanding positive supervision outcomes. Using in-person interviews, this study explored types and sources of support received by 28 individuals under probation supervision.Probationers discussed family members as substantial providers of both instrumental and emotional support. This includes the provision of housing, transportation, caring for their children, and overall assistance in navigating difficult situations. Support from romantic partners was also reported, with emotional support being common. The findings from the data suggest that social support has pivotal impacts on one's well-being/ success during reentry. This study adds to the body of literature on social support and probationers by comparing men and women's experiences and the perceived availability of social support. Findings from the data reveal gender variations in the type of support received and the perceived sources of support. Implications for correctional policies that target probationers in terms of promoting positive family-probationer bonding and a clear comprehension of positive supervision outcomes via the enhancement of social support are discussed.

With the stakeholder model, the responsibility that companies have in society extends beyond yielding profit to their shareholders. They are also responsible for the environmental and social impact their operations may have, requiring a new type of financing with this kind of commitment in mind. Green bonds are already used extensively in Sweden, especially within the real estate sector regarding green investing and has been well researched. Social investments and social bonds on the other hand, even though there is a growing interest, are not widely applied in the Swedish real estate market. At the same time, the subject remains uncharted by researchers. With a deductive approach using semi-structured interviews with real estate professionals, debt investors, and researchers, this thesis aims to answer why Swedish real estate companies are not using social bonds and what can be done to facilitate its use. The main findings are that social investments and bonds are competing with green bonds, preventing their application. Another hindrance is finding relevant and easily measurable KPIs for social bonds. / Med lanseringen av stakeholdermodellen har synen på företagens roll i samhället förändrats. Modellen menar att företag har ett ansvar för den miljömässiga samt sociala påverkan deras verksamhet har. Med ett sådant ansvar, behövs en ny typ av finansieringsmetod. Gröna obligationer används idag flitigt när det kommer till att göra gröna investeringar i Sverige, framför allt inom fastighetssektorn. Trots ett ökat intresse för sociala investeringar och sociala obligationer bland svenska fastighetsbolag används inte finansieringsformen alls i samma utsträckning som ute i Europa. Även forskningen på området är begränsad. Genom ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt, med semi-strukturerade intervjuer med verksamma personer inom fastighetsbranschen, skuldinvesterare samt forskare är syftet med uppsatsen att ge svar på vad som begränsar svenska fastighetsbolag från att använda sociala obligationer, samt vad som krävs för att underlätta nyttjandet av finansieringsmodellen i framtiden. De huvudsakliga slutsatserna som dras i rapporten är att det som främst begränsar fastighetsbolagen från att emittera sociala obligationer är konkurrensen från gröna obligationer. Vidare framgår att ett sätt att underlätta användningen av sociala obligationer är att hitta relevanta och mätbara KPIer.

<p>The purpose of this qualitative study has been; how social bonds are interlaced between thesocial worlds contained within the analytical division of “outside Internet” and “withinInternet”. What happens with the social bond as the individual oscillate between this analyticbisection? This purpose raises important questions of the use of Internet in everyday life.</p><p>A new stance is taken toward studying the Internets integration into everyday life. The focusis adjusted to the importance of emotions. Emotions of pride and shame will be treated as thesignals of social bonds state and will indicate the resistance or openness of this integration.Goffmans theory on face-work will be used as a complement. A cognitive approach on socialbonds will assist the emotional approach. This is interwoven with a perspective forunderstanding Internet as a medium in form rather than only to focus on the “content”.</p><p>The conclusion consists of a required consistency between the quality of the social bond onthe Internet and outside the Internet. The fear of inconsistency had to do with a threat of lossof face, not to come in conflict with established norms from outside the Internet.Development of close and intimate social bonds on the Internet that didn’t have a counterpartor was in inconsistency with the social bond outside Internet, lead to shame that threatenedthe social bond. The integration of Internet in everyday life is therefore not accomplished.Still, a new generation with instant access to the Internet is to be primary socialized undernew conditions.</p>

I denna uppsats unders undersöks de sociala bandens betydelse för självkänslan och identiteten hos fem f.d. brottslingar och fem brottsoffer som har intervjuats.. Jag ville ta reda på hur deras självförtroende och relationer har påverkats av att de är brottsoffer respektive f.d. kriminella. Det jag kom fram till var att deras relationer till sina familjer har stärkts efter att misshandeln mot respektive brottsoffer skett samt efter att de f.d. kriminella slutat med missbruk och kriminalitet. De f.d. brottslingarna har genom organisationen KRIS fått nya sociala band som har stärkt deras självkänsla. När det gäller brottsoffrena så har självförtroendet stärkts genom de relationer som utmärks av nära sociala band som var etablerade innan brottet, mendans i relation till främlingar så har självförtroendet sjunkit. Detta har i sin tur lett till hur informanterna ser på sig själva; f.d. kriminella har hittat en social identitet som de kan relatera till och är nöjda med, medan brottsoffrena påstår att deras identitet inte har förändrats men erkänner att de blivit mer tillbakadragna efter att blivit utsatta för brott. / In this essay the importance of social bonds when it comes to self-esteem and identity for five ex-offenders and five victims of crime has been examined. Further I wanted to understand how their self-esteem and relations have been affected by being a victim and ex-offender. The results showed that the bond to their families had been strengthened after each assault (victims of crime) or becoming sober and ending career as a criminal (ex-offenders). Exoffenders have, through the organization KRIS, received new friendships that have led to a strengthened self-esteem in each one of them. When it comes to the crime victims; selfesteem in relation to their strong social bonds has been lifted, whilst in relation to strangers it has decreased. This in turn has led to how they view themselves; ex-offenders have found a social identity that they can relate to and are pleased to have, whilst victims of crime do not feel as if their identity has changed but do admit to being more reserved than before the assault.

This study used Agnew's General Strain Theory to examine the relationship between early victimization and deviant behavior, as well as the mediating effects through negative emotions and social bonds. This study draws on developmental psychology literature and general strain literature to develop its hypotheses. Also, it expands the current research in developmental psychology and general strain theory by operationalizing strain as early victimization and using (a) dichotomous measures of alcohol use, drug use, and delinquency, (b) measures of frequency of binge drinking, drug use, and delinquency, (c) and measures of age of first binge drinking and drug use. Data from the National Survey of Adolescents, a cross-sectional national probability sample of 4,023 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, was used to test the hypotheses. Tobit and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the mediating effects of friend and family problems, school problems, and depression and suicidal thoughts. The results show that when youth are sexually or physically assaulted at a young age they have an increased odds of participating in alcohol use, drug use and delinquency, use drugs and binge drink more frequently, are younger when they first take part in drug use and binge drinking, and they participate in more delinquent acts. These relationships were only partially mediated by the presence of friend and family problems, school problems, and depression and suicidal thoughts. These findings indicate early victimization is able to explain participation in alcohol, drugs, and delinquency as well as explain an increase in the frequency of these acts. In addition, early victimization leads to an early age of onset of binge drinking and drug use. These results show support for general strain theory and indicate the importance of examining early strains.