<p>Although transformation processes are making progress in addressing racial inequality in post-apartheid South Africa, white South Africans are, in many repects, still privileged, economically, in terms of access to services, land, education and particularly in the case of English-speaking whites, language. This study is an exploration of everyday situations of inequality as they have been experienced from a position of advantage. As a qualitative, phenomenological study, the aim was to derive the psychological essence of the experience of being privileged as white English-speaking young adult within the context of post-apartheid South African everyday life.</p>

<p>Between one hundred and one hundred and forty million young girls around the world have reportedly been subjected to some form of genital excision during 2005. Approximately three million young girls are at risk every year of undergoing this harmful procedure (WHO, 2008). Female genital mutilation is reported to occur, and is expected to continue occurring in twenty-eight African countries (London Safeguarding Children Board, 2007). This paper aims to firstly observe the levels of excision in Africa, and then highlight the underlying factors that encourage certain women to continue this dangerous ritual by analysing national datasets, such as the child info database, obtained form the United Nations Children&rsquo / s Fund. By calculating and comparing common indicators, the prevailing ones that dominate FGM appreciation can be further analysed. The final objective will be to suggest strategies that can be put in place to encourage the discontinuation of female genital cutting universally.</p>

<p>The study analysed the politics of resistance in Manenberg placing it within the over arching mass defiance campaign in Greater Cape Town at the time and comparing the strategies used to mobilize residents in Manenberg in the 1980s to strategies used in the period of the 2000s. The thesis also focused on several key figures in Manenberg with a view to understanding what local conditions inspired them to activism. The use of biographies brought about a synoptic view into activists lives, their living conditions, their experiences of the apartheid regime, their brutal experience of apartheid and their resistance and strength against a system that was prepared to keep people on the outside. This study found that local living conditions motivated activism and became grounds for mobilising residents to make Manenberg a site of resistance. It was easy to mobilise residents on issues around rent increases, lack of resources, infrastructure and proper housing.</p>

Recent advances in courtship theory emphasize day-today interaction and the environment in which interaction takes place as critically important in the understanding of relationship development. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of college course assignments on time spent in relationship activities and, similarly, the influence of time spent in relationship activities on relationship satisfaction. As college couples are often the subjects of relationship studies, consideration of the college environment seemed both appropriate and overdue. The sample consisted of 35 serious dating couples in which both partners were full-time students. A telephone survey methodology was developed so that couples could report coded relationship behaviors both conveniently and confidentially. Data were collected twice a week for 8 1/2 weeks during winter term 1987 at a large northwestern university. Results indicated: (1) previous, current, and up-coming course assignments were influential regarding reported time in selected relationship activities, and, in general, tended to increase time in activities; (2) when assignments decreased relationship activity, men's assignments were more influential. Women's assignments, particularly previous assignments, were found likely to increase relationship activity. Regarding the influence time spent in activities had on relationships satisfaction, the data indicated that time spent eating together and in affectionate behavior were activities that increased relationship satisfaction. Discussion centered on the "interpersonal process" framework of relationships development and on the timing of course workload on relationships. Conclusions suggested the academic environment does have an effect on dating relationships and that this effect may be similar to work and family issues that society as a whole is facing. / Graduation date: 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of social interaction and social distance or comfort among five undergraduate ethnic groups (African Americans, American Indians, Asian Americans, Caucasian Americans, and Hispanic Americans) at Oregon State University. Another purpose was to explore the correlation between the level of social contact and comfort or social distance among the five ethnic groups. The sample included 284 full time continuing undergraduate students at Oregon State University. The contact scale included items measuring the number of acquaintances, frequency of interaction, positive degree of feeling, number of friends, and duration of contact. The comfort scale was a modified version of Byrnes and Kiger's (1988) Social Scale. It asked respondents to rate from one (very uncomfortable) to seven (very comfortable) their comfort with people of different ethnicities in six roles as: president of the United States, a counselor, a professor, a small group member in a classroom or group activity, a roommate, or a date. Two-way analyses of variance provided comparative information about ethnicity and gender. Newman-Keuls tests of significance were also employed. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to investigate the relationship between contact and comfort. Results of the study showed that students were generally comfortable with all groups, but least comfortable with Asian Americans. As a group, Asian Americans were less comfortable with other groups than were other ethnic groups. Minority groups were most comfortable with their own group. All minority groups except African Americans were significantly more comfortable with Caucasian Americans than with other minority groups. Correlations between contact and comfort for each group were positive and significant in all but 18 of 60 correlations performed. They were not significant for American Indians as either respondent or target group. In addition, results showed that there are not as many American Indian students at OSU as was originally thought. Further, students indicated little interaction with American Indians. / Graduation date: 1992

The purpose of this study was to analyze scores of urban parochial elementary school pupils for The Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale (behavior, intellectual/school status, and anxiety) and for the Torrance Tests of Creativity (fluency, originality, and elaboration). Second, differences between groups divided according to grade, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) were examined. Third, relationships between self-concept and creative potential were investigated. The sample population included 163 pupils, grades 1-6, in a large midwestern city. Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance were used to test four null hypotheses applying the .05 level of confidence.Findings1. Significant differences were found in mean scores obtained by the total group of parochial school pupils indicating more positive self-concepts and lower degree of creativity when compared with the normative population for the two instruments employed.2. No statistical differences were found between primary and intermediate levels for the total group nor for the non-black subgroup. When the subgroup of Blacks was examined separately, differences indicated that intermediate pupils scored significantly higher in creativity than Blacks at the primary level.3. No statistically significant differences were found between any of the groups when divided between high and low socio-economic status.4. Differences were evidenced within certain subgroups when the subjects were divided into Black/non-black groups on the following variables on the Piers-Harris instrument (behavior and anxiety) and on the Torrance instrument (fluency, originality, and elaboration).Conclusions1. Positive self-concept revealed by the sample might be associated with environmental factors, school setting, selectivity of the study body and influence as reference group, philosophical foundations of the parochial schools, or other contributing factors.2. Lower degree of creativity could result from environmental atmosphere, academic expectations of the schools, and/or parential influences.3. Differences evidenced by Blacks on the variables (behavior, anxiety, fluency, originality, and elaboration) might be related to the influences of peer/referent groups, particularly in intermediate grades.4. Parochial school attendance appears to be a stabilizing influence in self-concept of behavior.5. Black students showed an increase in spontaneity and confidence in measures of creative tendencies. How this related to a reduction in positive experiences of self-concept is less obvious.Recommendations for additional research were provided.

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Suicid har minskat i Sverige de senaste decennierna men ändå är suicid den vanligaste dödsorsaken bland män i åldersgruppen 15-44 år och bland kvinnor i samma åldersgrupp är det den näst vanligaste dödsorsaken. ...

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.