An online survey was completed by 40 adolescents and young adults (ages 12 to 22) with physical disabilities for the purpose of exploring their social experiences. The survey focuses on key variables associated with individual identity, group identity, social relationships and activities, and future aspirations. Positive outcome variables were explored including: self-esteem, self-efficacy, body satisfaction, cultural identity, relationship quality, activity participation, and future orientation. Independent variables included sex, population size, ability level, and proximity to disability. Ability level proved to be the most predictive of positive outcomes. Sex, population size, and proximity to disability exhibited small associations to some of the outcome variables.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-09-12T12:57:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6455376 bytes, checksum: e58e4713480939ca44809d52d4633bea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T12:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6455376 bytes, checksum: e58e4713480939ca44809d52d4633bea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aims to focus on the manifestations and social experiences around the young participants of Studio Made In PB, an existing collective in the city of João Pessoa (PB), since 1998, responsible for product, conduct and disseminate activities related to the pop culture in the city. As a term given by the participants of the research, pop culture propels collective and individual actions, revealing authentic and diverse coping mechanisms by such social actors that by appropriating themselves of the purchase of these goods reveal throughout the city lifestyles, identity constructions and group maintenance. By refining the look on the group's activities, the approach followed an ethnographic perspective having as the methodology the actions lived in the field’s work, interviews, informal conversations, virtual community interactions (Facebook) and imagistic registers with the members of the Studio Made In PB. By understanding the consume as a creator social practice, this research reflected on the consumer's role as active - and fandom, teacher, student, creator, staff - exercising strategic positioning on goods choices that open inventive possibilities, maintaining its own social dynamics. Emphasizing the Studio Made In PB as part of the manifestations of youth culture in João Pessoa, the analysis of this research allowed to know the recognition codes construction processes with other social groups in one of the most important activities of the group before their peers: the event "HQPB: comics and pop culture in Paraíba", that took place in November 2014. Above all, ethnographic research, that lasted almost 18 months, sought to understand these actors within the context of postmodern condition, in which they, even involved in complex games of signs in the ways of consumption, legitimize its provisions among themselves and among their peers, consolidating or reinforcing the bonding around the pop culture / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar as manifestações e experiências sociais em torno dos jovens participantes do Studio Made In PB, coletivo existente na cidade de João Pessoa (PB), desde o ano de 1998, responsável por produzir, realizar e divulgar atividades voltadas à cultura pop na cidade. Sendo um termo dado pelos pesquisáveis, a cultura pop torna-se propulsora de ações coletivas e individuais, revelando formas de lidar autênticas e diferenciadas por estes atores sociais que ao se apropriarem do consumo destes bens, revelam nos espaços da cidade estilos de vida, construções identitárias e manutenções de grupo. Ao refinar o olhar sobre as atividades do grupo, a abordagem seguiu uma perspectiva etnográfica tendo como metodologia as ações vividas em trabalho de campo, entrevistas, conversas informais, interações em comunidade virtual (Facebook) e registros imagéticos junto aos integrantes do Studio Made In PB. Ao compreender o consumo como uma prática social criadora, a pesquisa refletiu sobre o papel do consumidor como ativo – sendo fandom, professor, aluno, idealizador, staff – exercendo posicionamentos estratégicos diante de escolhas de bens que abrem possibilidades inventivas, mantendo dinâmicas sociais próprias. Enfatizando o Studio Made In PB como parte das manifestações das culturas juvenis em João Pessoa, a análise desta pesquisa possibilitou conhecer os processos de construção de códigos de reconhecimento junto a outros grupos sociais em uma das atividades mais importantes do grupo perante seus pares: o evento “HQPB: quadrinhos e cultura pop na Paraíba”, ocorrido entre o mês de Novembro de 2014. Sobretudo, a pesquisa etnográfica, com duração de quase 18 meses, buscou entender estes atores dentro do contexto da condição pós-moderna, em que estes, mesmos envolvidos em complexos jogos de signos, pelas vias do consumo, legitimam suas disposições entre si e entre os pares, consolidando ou reforçando a manutenção de vínculos em torno da chamada cultura pop.

Intraspecific aggression is a widely distributed, highly plastic behaviour throughout the animal kingdom and serves to secure resources, as members of the same species compete for identical ecological niches. But the costs can rapidly exceed the advantages. Over the past years, the two-spotted Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, has emerged to a model organism for studying the mechanisms underlying aggressive behaviour. Crickets implement seemingly complex decisions via the action of well-known neuromodulators with analogues in vertebrates including humans. This study shows that an individual´s decision to approach or avoid an agonistic stimulus is mainly shaped by social experiences gathered during nymphal development and early adult life. In particular, the chronic subjugation of nymphs by adult males in the breeding colony and the absence thereof lead to the establishment of distinct behavioural ethotypes shifting the answer to the question of whether inter-individual differences are nature or nurture in favour of nurture. Individuality in adult behaviour can thus result from social experiences during development alone. Moreover, the decision to approach or avoid a potentially agonistic stimulus is differentially modulated by the actions of the neuromodulators octopamine, serotonin and nitric oxide, which are released in response to social interactions. Interestingly, the social status dependent predisposed response to an antennal stimulus can be altered by octopamine alone. Furthermore, the present study reveals that the nitridergic and serotonergic system play a major role in the assessment of agonistic signals.:1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 2 Methods ............................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Experimental animals .................................................................................... 6 2.2 Experimental groups based on social experiences and isolation time .................................................................................. 8 2.3 Evaluation of dominance and subordination ......................................... 10 2.4 Multiple wins and defeats ...................................................................... 12 2.5 Contests against a hyper-aggressive opponent .................................... 13 2.6 The mandible threat display in response to antennal stimulation and feeding ............................................................................. 13 2.7 The priming effect .................................................................................... 14 2.8 Influence of food as a resource ............................................................... 14 2.9 Set up and video tracking ....................................................................... 15 2.10 Evaluation of exploratory behaviour ..................................................... 16 2.11 Response to a single antennal touch with an adult male´s antenna ..................................................................................................... 17 2.12 Pharmacological treatment ...................................................................... 18 2.13 Data analysis ............................................................................................. 20 3 Results ............................................................................................................ 22 3.1 Responses of nymphs and adults towards conspecifics ........................... 22 3.2 Mandible threat display and the mandible spread angle .......................... 24 3.3 Influence of dominance and subordination ................................................. 26 3.4 Influence of prior antennal stimulation (priming) .......................................... 28 3.5 Influence of priming coupled with CDM ...................................................... 30 3.6 Influence of food as a resource .................................................................... 30 3.7 Effects of different social experiences during nymphal development on adult behaviour ................................................................. 31 3.8 Turning responses as a reaction to a single antennal touch with an adult male´s antenna ....................................................................... 34 3.8.1 Short term isolates ............................................................................... 34 3.8.2 Long term isolates ............................................................................... 38 3.9 Effects of neuromodulatory drugs on behavioural elements in STI and LTI crickets ............................................................... 43 3.9.1 Aggression ............................................................................................ 43 3.9.2 General motility .................................................................................... 46 3.9.3 Turning responses ................................................................................. 50 3.9.3.1 Influence of octopaminergic drugs .................................... 50 3.9.3.2 Influence of nitridergic drugs ............................................... 53 3.9.3.3 Influence of serotonergic drugs .......................................... 58 4 Discussion .................................................................................................... 68 4.1 Nymphal interactions and their consequences for adult behaviour .......... 68 4.2 The decision to approach or avoid an agonistic stimulus ........................... 72 4.3 The role of neuromodulators released in response to social experience .... 77 4.4 Overall conclusion and outlook .................................................................... 84 5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 86 6 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................... 91 7 References ........................................................................................................ 98 8 Appendix .......................................................................................................... 109 8.1 Figures and Tables .......................................................................................... 109 8.2 Publications and published abstracts ............................................................ 111 8.3 Curriculum vitae ............................................................................................ 113 8.4 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... 115

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Design philosophies in MMOs seem to have seen a shift in recent years. What used to be designs for social dependencies and challenging content seems to have become designs for social independence and casual play. This has not gone by unnoticed by communities of players that have gradually increased in size, hoping to find regression in design philosophies for their favorite games. This study combines the social component of Yee’s (2006) model for motivations for online play with Bradner’s (2001) concept of social affordances, and quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews in order to examine how the social player experience in World of Warcraft has changed in relation to changes made to the game. Some of the findings are that the incentives and necessity for socializing with strangers in the game has generally diminished as a consequence of changes made in the game that focus on practical efficiency. External factors that seems to have played a role in these results are age, technological contexts and life contexts of the respondents.

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