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This dissertation reports on a study undertaken to determine interventions that community libraries can engage in to improve HIV/AIDS awareness. Chapter One describes the background for the study by providing information portraying the background, research problem, aim and objectives -as well as the research methodology to be followed to ensure its successful completion. Chapter Two examines the social role and responsibility of the community library - with reference to HIV/AIDS awareness. International and national sources are used to establish what role the community libraries should play in providing resources for communal benefit. Chapter Three deals with HIV/AIDS awareness interventions currently engaged in by community libraries as well as proposed interventions. A list and description of intervention types is included. This list forms the foundation for the interview guide. Chapter Four describes the interview process. Chapter Five reports on the results of the interviews. Chapter Six provides an integrated summary of the findings from the literature review and those from the interviews in the Bojanala region. Chapter Seven concludes with a summary of recommendations and suggestions for possible further research. Essentially, the study consists of an examination of the social role and responsibility of the community library regarding HIV/AIDS awareness. An international and national literature review of the types of interventions that community libraries can embark upon to promote HIV/AIDS awareness amongst community members of all age groups. An investigation - by means of interviews with librarians/library workers in the Bojanala region - on what interventions are currently undertaken to promote HIV/AIDS awareness among the community of the Bojanala region. Recommendations regarding the types of interventions that community libraries in South Africa may provide to assist in enhancing HIV/AIDS awareness. The literature review identified the social role and responsibility of the community library; interventions currently engaged in by community libraries; and pointed the way for proposed HIV/AIDS awareness interventions that community libraries could embark on as part of their social responsibility role. It was clear from the national and international literature review that the community library - with its years of experience in information acquisition, organisation, dissemination and use - is a natural ally in supporting HIV/AIDS awareness. The aim of this investigation was to determine the social role and responsibility of community libraries in the promotion of HIV/AIDS awareness. The interventions that community library services could embark on to promote HIV/AIDS awareness. The researcher investigated the interventions that the Bojanala region could embark on to comply with the vision of the Department of Social Development (2002:9) ”that both the government and civil society as a whole develop well directed and purposeful programmes to tackle the HIV/AIDS pandemic.” This was done through face-to-face interviews with librarians/library workers responsible for managing community projects. Compared with the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in other regions and provinces (Northern Cape and Limpopo) with similar populations, the Bojanala region was identified as a region with a high HIV prevalence rate. The recommendations made by the researcher covered nine sections pertaining to HIV/AIDS interventions, namely: Users Policies HIV/AIDS information resources Collection Development Partnerships HIV/AIDS awareness programmes Interventions Promotion Staff training The recommendations that emerge from the research could be implemented in any community library in any given country with a high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate. / Information Science / (M. Tech. (Business Administration))

Contemporary and traditional sex roles differ in clarity. As such couples find it difficult to share these sex roles because of beliefs and attitudes they hold about them. In an attempt to generate guidelines with regard to the complementary sharing of these roles, sex differences and the nature of sex roles were discussed. Although men and women are similar in some respects, they however have fundamental unchangeable differences. Sex roles on the other hand, have changed drastically over the years. Data was gathered through the use of interviews. The result of this study indicates that men and women hold conflicting beliefs and attitudes concerning the sharing of sex roles. A set of guidelines have been formulated to assist couples to share their sex roles in a complementary way so as to make their homes authentic primary educational environments.. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

This dissertation is a critique of Marx's theory of alienation with emphasis on how Marx constructed his definition of man and consciousness. The main premise of the theory is that private property caused alienation but the hypothesis of this dissertation is that because the theory defined man and consciousness in an erroneous manner alienation was not possible, and that the conditions observed by Marx were exacerbated by landlessness. / Political Sciences / M.A. (Politics)

Esta pesquisa tem como tema central a questão de gênero e trabalho feminino. Traçando como objetivo geral analisar as percepções do trabalho na ótica das cuidadoras sociais de casas lares em Curitiba e Região Metropolitana. Delimitamos como objetivos específicos: identificar o papel das cuidadoras sociais da casa lar, a partir dos significados por elas atribuídos; identificar as fragilidades e gratificações na relação de trabalho das cuidadoras sociais no contexto da perspectiva de gênero; analisar as relações de trabalho as quais são submetidas às cuidadoras sociais, bem como a legislação profissional. Realizamos uma pesquisa com referencial metodológico qualitativo. Como técnica para a coleta de dados, utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada com 15 cuidadoras sociais das instituições selecionadas. Foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Em relação às análises e interpretações dos dados coletados se verificou que a maioria das entrevistadas se considera de alguma forma mãe das crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados, o que indica, a princípio, que não compreendem a profissão de cuidadoras sociais como um trabalho. Percebe-se ainda, que este fato dificulta a percepção acerca da desvalorização social e financeira da profissão. A pesquisa apontou a importância de se constituir nos espaços das casas lares a implementação de formações continuadas, já que na maioria das entrevistas se identificou que no processo do trabalho as cuidadoras sociais se identificam como mães das crianças e adolescentes acolhidos e não se reconhecem como profissionais do cuidado. Dessa forma, uma das percepções observadas na pesquisa foi a necessidade que haja, por parte dos setores públicos, a responsabilidade de averiguar como as instituições contratantes dessas profissionais estão capacitando essas mulheres, como uma maneira de provocar nesses espaços a materialização de ações que minimizem a desvalorização desta profissão. / This research has as central theme the issue of gender and women's work. The objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions of work from the point of view of the social caregivers of homes of children in disadvantaged or at risks in Curitiba and Metropolitan Region. We define as specific objectives: to identify the role of the social caregivers of the home, based on the meanings assigned by them; Identify the weaknesses and gratifications in the work relationship of social caregivers in the context of the gender perspective; Analyze the labor relations that are submitted the social caregivers, as well as professional legislation. We conducted a qualitative methodological research. As a technique for data collection, we used the semistructured interview with 15 social caregivers of the selected institutions. The technique of content analysis was used. Regarding the analyzes and interpretations of the collected data, it was verified that the majority of the interviewees consider themselves to be somehow the mother of the institutionalized children and adolescents, which indicates, in principle, that they do not understand the profession of social caregivers as a job. It is also perceived that this fact makes it difficult to perceive the social and financial devaluation of the profession. The research pointed out the importance of the establishment of continuous training in the homes of children in disadvantaged or at risks, since in most of the interviews it was identified that in the work process, the social caregivers identify themselves as mothers of the children and adolescents who are accepted and do not recognize themselves as professionals Of care. Thus, one of the perceptions observed in the research was the need for the public sectors to determine how the contracting institutions of these professionals are empowering these women, as a way to provoke in these spaces the materialization of actions that minimize the devaluation of this profession.

Esta pesquisa tem como tema central a questão de gênero e trabalho feminino. Traçando como objetivo geral analisar as percepções do trabalho na ótica das cuidadoras sociais de casas lares em Curitiba e Região Metropolitana. Delimitamos como objetivos específicos: identificar o papel das cuidadoras sociais da casa lar, a partir dos significados por elas atribuídos; identificar as fragilidades e gratificações na relação de trabalho das cuidadoras sociais no contexto da perspectiva de gênero; analisar as relações de trabalho as quais são submetidas às cuidadoras sociais, bem como a legislação profissional. Realizamos uma pesquisa com referencial metodológico qualitativo. Como técnica para a coleta de dados, utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada com 15 cuidadoras sociais das instituições selecionadas. Foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Em relação às análises e interpretações dos dados coletados se verificou que a maioria das entrevistadas se considera de alguma forma mãe das crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados, o que indica, a princípio, que não compreendem a profissão de cuidadoras sociais como um trabalho. Percebe-se ainda, que este fato dificulta a percepção acerca da desvalorização social e financeira da profissão. A pesquisa apontou a importância de se constituir nos espaços das casas lares a implementação de formações continuadas, já que na maioria das entrevistas se identificou que no processo do trabalho as cuidadoras sociais se identificam como mães das crianças e adolescentes acolhidos e não se reconhecem como profissionais do cuidado. Dessa forma, uma das percepções observadas na pesquisa foi a necessidade que haja, por parte dos setores públicos, a responsabilidade de averiguar como as instituições contratantes dessas profissionais estão capacitando essas mulheres, como uma maneira de provocar nesses espaços a materialização de ações que minimizem a desvalorização desta profissão. / This research has as central theme the issue of gender and women's work. The objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions of work from the point of view of the social caregivers of homes of children in disadvantaged or at risks in Curitiba and Metropolitan Region. We define as specific objectives: to identify the role of the social caregivers of the home, based on the meanings assigned by them; Identify the weaknesses and gratifications in the work relationship of social caregivers in the context of the gender perspective; Analyze the labor relations that are submitted the social caregivers, as well as professional legislation. We conducted a qualitative methodological research. As a technique for data collection, we used the semistructured interview with 15 social caregivers of the selected institutions. The technique of content analysis was used. Regarding the analyzes and interpretations of the collected data, it was verified that the majority of the interviewees consider themselves to be somehow the mother of the institutionalized children and adolescents, which indicates, in principle, that they do not understand the profession of social caregivers as a job. It is also perceived that this fact makes it difficult to perceive the social and financial devaluation of the profession. The research pointed out the importance of the establishment of continuous training in the homes of children in disadvantaged or at risks, since in most of the interviews it was identified that in the work process, the social caregivers identify themselves as mothers of the children and adolescents who are accepted and do not recognize themselves as professionals Of care. Thus, one of the perceptions observed in the research was the need for the public sectors to determine how the contracting institutions of these professionals are empowering these women, as a way to provoke in these spaces the materialization of actions that minimize the devaluation of this profession.

Purpose and research questions: The purpose of this study has been to critically examine Esports through a gender perspective. The study therefore investigated the gender-typing of Esports and if these stereotypes affect players’ performance. The research questions were: Do players gender-type Esports to be a neutral, feminine, or masculine sport? Do gender stereotypes in Esports affect female players’ performance? Do gender stereotypes in Esports affect male players’ performance? Method: A quantitative research design was used, and two different surveys were sent out to respondents. Both surveys contained the exact same information and questions on the first page. These were aimed at answering questions regarding gender-typing (i.e. if the respondents perceived Esports to be a neutral, feminine or masculine activity and how appropriate they perceived Esports to be for women respectively men). The survey’s second page had identical questions on both surveys, however the respondents got to see different texts of information (stereotypes) depending on which survey they participated in. The first survey (Group 1) included two different conditions groups (women = stereotype threat; men = stereotype lift) and primed the respondents with the stereotype that “women are inferior to men in Esports”. The second survey (Group 2) also included two different condition groups (men = stereotype threat; women = stereotype boost) and primed the respondents with the alternative stereotype manipulation that “women are equally as good as men in Esports”. After participating in the surveys, the respondents played three games of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive that were then analyzed against the respondents’ three most recent matches before partaking in the study. As such, the players’ performance could be evaluated and a result could be determined (i.e. either an improvement or impairment in performance). A control group (Group 3) that did not partake in the surveys was used as a reference group and to evaluate the participants’ performances. As a total, 290 persons participated in the study, of which 50 were women and 240 men. Results: The results showed that the players perceived Esports to be more of a masculine sport. For the stereotype effects on players’ performance, an ANOVA of the results showed that stereotype threat had a statistically significant effect on female players’ performance (p = .008), whereas stereotype boost did not. For the men, the results showed that neither stereotype threat nor lift had any statistically significant effect on male players’ performance. Conclusion: The findings suggest that players gender-type different aspects of Esports in different ways. The participants perceived Esports to be more of a masculine activity but on the other hand to be almost equally as appropriate for women and men. As a whole, the respondents perceived Esports to be more of a masculine sport than neutral or feminine. The findings from this study also suggest that women in Esports are more affected by gender stereotypes than men are, and that negative gender stereotypes about women’s ability may impair female players’ performance. Finally, the findings suggest that the awareness as well as the occurrence of gender stereotypes in Esports are widespread among players. However, players in Esports consider themselves to not fully endorse these stereotypes but believe that other players do, especially the negative stereotypes about women’s ability in Esports. This finding generates an interesting area for further research and investigation. / Syfte och frågeställning: Syftet med denna studie har varit att kritiskt granska Esport ur ett genusperspektiv. Studien undersökte därmed könsstereotypningen (”gender-typing”) av Esport samt huruvida dessa stereotyper påverkar spelares prestationer. Frågeställningarna var: Könsstereotypar spelare Esport som en neutral, feminin eller maskulin sport? Påverkar könsstereotyper inom Esport kvinnliga spelares prestationer? Påverkar könsstereotyper inom Esport manliga spelares prestationer? Metod: En kvantitativ forskningsdesign användes, och två olika enkäter skickades ut till respondenter. Båda enkäterna innehöll exakt samma information och frågor på den första sidan. Dessa var ämnade att besvara frågor kring könsstereotypning (dvs. om respondenten ansåg Esport var en neutral, feminin eller maskulin aktivitet samt hur lämpligt de ansåg Esport vara för kvinnor respektive män). Enkätens andra sida hade identiska frågor på båda enkäterna men respondenterna fick ta del av olika texter av information (stereotyper) beroende på vilken enkät de deltog i. Den första enkäten (Grupp 1) inkluderade två olika tillståndsgrupper (kvinnor = stereotype threat; män = stereotype lift) och grundade respondenterna med stereotypen att ”kvinnor är sämre än män inom Esport”. Den andra enkäten (Grupp 2) inkluderade även den två olika tillståndsgrupper (män = stereotype threat; kvinnor = stereotype boost) och grundade respondenterna med den alternativa manipulationen av stereotypen att ”kvinnor är lika bra som män inom Esport”. Efter att ha deltagit i enkäterna spelade respondenterna tre matcher av Counter-Strike: Global Offensive som sedan analyserades mot respondenternas tre senaste matcher innan de deltog i studien. Som sådant, kunde spelarnas prestationer utvärderas och ett resultat kunde fastställas (dvs. antingen en förbättring eller en försämring i prestation). En kontrollgrupp (Grupp 3) som inte deltog i enkäterna användes som referensgrupp och för att utvärdera deltagarnas prestationer. Totalt deltog 290 personer i studien varav 50 var kvinnor och 240 män. Resultat: Resultatet visade att spelarna uppfattade Esport som mer av en maskulin sport. Angående stereotypeffekterna på spelarnas prestationer visade en ANOVA av resultaten att stereotype threat hade en statistisk signifikant effekt på kvinnliga spelares prestationer (p = .008), medan stereotype boost inte hade det. För männen så visade resultaten att varken stereotype threat eller lift hade någon statistisk signifikant effekt på manliga spelares prestationer. Slutsats: Resultaten tyder på att spelare könsstereotypar olika aspekter av Esport på olika sätt. Deltagarna uppfattade Esport som mer av en maskulin aktivitet men å andra sidan som lika lämpligt för kvinnor och män. Som helhet uppfattade respondenterna Esport som mer av en maskulin sport än neutral eller feminin. Resultatenfrån denna studie tyder även på att kvinnor inom Esport påverkas mer av könsstereotyper än män och att negativa könsstereotyper om kvinnors förmåga kan försämra kvinnliga spelares prestationer. Slutligen, resultaten tyder på att medvetenheten samt förekomsten av könsstereotyper inom Esport är utbredd bland spelarna.Spelarna inom Esport anser dock inte att de själva stödjer dessa stereotyper fullt ut men tror att andra spelare gör det, särskilt de negative stereotyperna om kvinnors förmågor inom Esport. Detta resultat genererar ett intressant område för vidare forskning och undersökningar.

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