The Swedish school system’s curriculum states that some of the schools goals are to; help to develop pupils’ sense of belonging, solidarity and responsibility for people outside the restricted group, combat discrimination and degrading treatment of individuals or groups and to show respect for individuals. (Lgr 11). Eriksson and other authors in School – an arena for bullying (2002) refer to the professor and psychologist Dan Olweus, who points out that bullying can develop serious consequences for the bullied one. Some of them are being ashamed of themselves and build a poor self-esteem that can take their whole life to recreate. It is probably known as one of the most common social issues in a school environment, whether it’s about younger or older pupils, yet many times also the unsolved ones. For this reason I chose to investigate how the adults at schools have an attitude towards: What bullying is caused by? How they perceive and define its responsibility to detect and counteract bullying? How do the adults work to resolve the bullying-related situations and conflicts at the school? This has been examined by one perspective, through the interviewed councilor’s, principal’s and teacher’s aspects. The results of the study showed that the they take care of the cases that come to them with their action plans but find it difficult to detect what may be hidden. In addition, the hidden bullying is very common among older pupils, where there seems to be a sensitive subject for them to pick up, hence the unsolved cases.

Very few women hold top corporate positions in Sweden, and women are underrepresented as managers in all work sectors. The present thesis examined stereotypes, perceptions and presuppositions about women, men and management with a combination of perspectives from social and organizational psychology, discourse analysis and gender in organization research. Study 1 of Paper I was a content analysis of management attributes and cultural stereotypes of female and male managers. In Study 2, an inventory of these attributes was formed, and participants’ stereotype endorsements tested. Stereotypes of female managers resembled good management more than male managers, and they were rated more positively, but a masculine norm was implied. Paper II aimed to study and compare gender-related management stereotypes and evaluations of actual managers, and examine perceived gender bias. Men evaluated the female manager stereotype more positively on communal attributes, and, contrary to women, judged the male manager stereotype more positively on agentic attributes. This may help explain the scarcity of women in top management. Women perceived more gender bias favoring male managers than men. Actual male and female managers were rated similarly. Still, the Euclidian distances showed that ratings of actual managers and stereotypes were linked. Paper III examined the discourse on the lack of women in top corporate positions, explanations and links to proposed measures in a project to counter the gender imbalance. A liberal discourse with contradictions and textual silences was exposed. Gender had to be construed in line with traditional gender norms and division of labor to make sense of the proposed explanations. To conclude, one can be reassured by the largely communal portrayal of good management and positive evaluations of female managers, but also apprehensive about the masculine norm of management, perceived gender bias in favor of men, and traditional gender constructions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1053770 bytes, checksum: 8e26fdf92d49923312cc2d7edbda6a0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The discussions involving the subject of women have been growing in recent decades as a result of reframing of women's roles and the exponential growth of their participation in public spaces. This break with some old traditions brought the woman to the labor market and, as necessary, extended not only the horizon, but with the provision responsibilities and functions in the family. Under this scenario, we have analyzed the perception of middle-class woman on the diversity of women's roles in five different family configurations. The study in question is characterized as a field research, descriptive and qualitative approach. The sample consisted of five women with an income equivalent to the middle-class families and all with higher education, each representing one of five family configurations determined for this study: nuclear family, recomposed family, family ownership, family and single parent family expanded. Data collection was conducted through interviews, following a script unstructured. The interviews were recorded and then the interviews were transcribed, and the results analyzed using content analysis. The results from the analysis show that for middle-class women representatives of the five family configurations, the work presents itself not only as a means of provision for the families, but as an opportunity for emancipation. Even the middle class, the overlap of functions is a reality and the needs of the family may be factors involved in the process of professional growth. In search of an identity that addresses their needs and family, many of them balancing features culturally imposed on women development of the subject, with the acquisition of behavior patterns of the modern woman, heavily steeped in tradition, sexism and religion. After analyzing the results, it was observed that even for middle-class women and higher education level, cultural some remains are still part of family relationships and marital and work is the vehicle of emancipation most striking, though I can bring different implications for women that need to manage your home and family. / As discussões envolvendo o tema mulher vêm crescendo nas últimas décadas como consequência da resignificação dos papéis femininos e do crescimento exponencial da sua participação nos espaços públicos. Essa ruptura com algumas tradições seculares trouxe a mulher para o mercado de trabalho e, a partir disso, alargaram-se não só os horizontes, mas as responsabilidades com a provisão e suas funções na família. Considerando essa realidade, buscou-se analisar a percepção da mulher de classe média sobre a diversidade dos papéis femininos em cinco configurações familiares distintas. O estudo em questão se caracteriza como uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva e com abordagem qualitativa. A amostra foi composta por cinco mulheres com renda equivalente a de famílias de classe média e todas com nível superior de formação, cada uma representando uma das cinco configurações familiares determinadas para esse estudo: família nuclear, família recomposta, família unipessoal, família monoparental e família ampliada. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas, seguindo um roteiro não estruturado. As entrevistas foram gravadas e, posteriormente, as falas foram transcritas, e os resultados analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise revelam que para as mulheres de classe média representantes das cinco configurações familiares, o trabalho se apresenta não apenas como um meio de provisão das famílias, mas como uma oportunidade de emancipação. Mesmo na classe média, a sobreposição de funções é uma realidade e as necessidades da família podem ser fatores intervenientes do processo de ascensão profissional. Na busca por uma identidade que contemple suas necessidade e da família, muitas delas equilibram características culturalmente impostas a formação do sujeito mulher, com a aquisição de padrões de comportamento da mulher moderna, fortemente impregnadas de tradição, sexismo e religião. Após análise dos resultados, observou-se que mesmo para mulheres de classe média e com nível formação superior, alguns ranços culturais ainda fazem parte das relações familiares e conjugais e o trabalho é o veículo de emancipação mais marcante, embora traga consigo diversas implicações para a mulher que precisa administrar sua casa e família.

The participation of men in family planning appears to be a suitable tool for the improvement of relationships between couples and their children. This thesis studies the attitudes of men towards family planning questions. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into three main chapters: Family planning, The Male Indentity and the Social Roles of Men. The research methods which were chosen were based upon the collection of data. Twenty semi-structured interviews with early adult men were processed by means of grounded theory. Interview questions involved the definition of family planning and seven categories were created upon that basis: the association of the concept of family planning, images of family, attitudes towards the meaning of children in life, male attitudes regarding men{\crq}s role in child care, paternity leave, contraception as well as solutions regarding fertility disorders. The chosen methodology should assess the important social influences that play a role in the attitudes of men towards family planning and the roles of men in family planning. The setting of the conditions for the beginning of reproduction should be the result of negotiation within the couple. In spite of the willingness to change parenting roles, negotiation still leads to a traditional division of these parenting roles, where the woman is a care-giver and the man is the breadwinner. Gender sensitive upbringing is a good way to give support towards the responsibility within the family planning of men and women; it leads them in equal negotiation regarding questions of parenting. The results of this thesis is the creation of a new theory about the role of men in family planning and interested researchers are to be encouraged to verify its validity by continuing in this area of research.

5 ABSTRACT This thesis deals with interaction in educational environment, i.e. mutual interaction between two subjects (teachers and students) and their influence on one another during the educational process, with each participant involved in different social roles, which often require different ways of communication. The theoretical part focuses on the general description of teacher's personality, his authority and his role in pedagogical interaction with students, and on pedagogical communication, which forms the most important part of interaction between the teacher and students. The empirical part is an ethnographic study of the Czech language classes at a secondary school in Rokycany. It is a qualitative research that consists of a subjective description of the studied environment. It focuses on monitoring individual interaction genres in the classroom, how the teacher negotiates her role, creates and maintains authority, when, why, and how students communicate, verbally or non-verbally. The analysis is made on the basis of video recordings of individual hours, interviews with teachers, its reflections on students she teaches and reflections of students on their Czech language teacher. KEYWORDS: Student, teacher, social role, school ethnography, pedagogical communication, teacher's authority

Play can be beneficial and effective for children experiencing the stress, fears, and anxieties associated with illness or death by expressing their feelings into activity (Brown 2018). It can be difficult for children to verbally communicate complex emotions because they usually are unsure of what words to say to express their emotions. Therapeutic play is a great coping mechanism for coping with death because it allows children to express their emotions through play. Professionals working with children would be better equipped to meet children’s needs with a firmer understanding on the ways in which therapeutic play techniques can be incorporated into their practice. The impact therapeutic play makes can also be beneficial for families as it can help the families understand what the children comprehend which can lead to more efficient communication between members of the family. Professionals aim to assist children in reaching optimal outcomes, which in turn has beneficial impacts for the family overall.

The diploma thesis examines the construction of masculinity and femininity of young transsexual individuals who have not undergone surgical gender reassignment. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part builds on the theory of gender stereotype and the research of Gagné and Tewksbury, according to which transsexual individuals try to suppress their feminine or masculine selves as expected, while maintaining relationships. Furthermore, the work is based on Mandal's and Jakubowski's study, which confirms the theory that transsexual women live more in a gender stereotype than transsexual men who live in accordance with their original and new gender roles. In the practical part, a qualitative survey is carried out using the method of grounded theory, and six transsexual respondents were interviewed using semi- structured interviews: three transsexual men and three transsexual women. The sample is selected from transgender individuals who have not undergone operative gender reassignment and have decided to share their story on social networks. The aim of the research part is to find out how transsexual people without operative gender reassignment construct their masculinity and femininity. The main finding was that transsexual individuals who chose not to undergo sex...

<p>With the popularity of the gaming industry, game streaming appeared and became a global phenomenon with high participation in recent years. Game streaming platforms such as Twitch had millions of active users participated in the community by watching and chatting. Yet there was lack of investigation about how chat behaviors connected with the overall participation in game streaming community. This study aims to describe and analyze the roles taken on by viewers as they engaged in chat while watching game streaming and identify how these roles influenced participation. I designed a qualitative study with online observations on several Twitch channels streaming Overwatch. By analyzing the chatlogs collected, I identified four social roles among chatters: Lurker, Troll, Collaborator, and Moderator. A discourse analysis was applied to further investigate the interactions among these roles and how they shape the conversation in chatrooms. With these findings, I generated a four-role model that specific for chatters in Twitch personal channels. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were also provided.</p>

Many young adult African American men living in urban areas adopt a style of self-presentation known as the gangsta image in an attempt to earn and maintain what they may perceive to be respect, self-esteem, and social status. While these young men succeed in earning the respect of their peers, they also may jeopardize their chances of succeeding in mainstream society by engaging in an alienating lifestyle related to their alternative form of status. The purpose of this case study was to explore the concepts of respect and self-esteem as defined by a culture-sharing group of young African American men living in an urban environment. Using the theoretical lens of Goffman's dramaturgical model of social interactions, case studies of 4 young African American males' experience of self-esteem and respect as components of social acceptance were explored. Their sources of teachings about respect and social position received from the authority figures in their environment, as well as the contextual factors that shaped their self-concept, were also delineated. The research used a qualitative, case study design. Data were collected from observations, interviews, participatory photography, and document review and analyzed by coding and concept mapping using Atlas.ti software. The key finding was that perceptions of self-respect were connected to ongoing negative relationships with mainstream society and law enforcement. This study contributes to social change by helping human services professionals to comprehend the meaning and significance of respect and self-esteem for this population. This understanding can then inform practices related to engaging and supporting the mainstream success of this important group.

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) struggle with social interactions that are vital to the development of a high quality of life. Although evidence exists to support the use of technology as cognitive aids for youth with ID, little exists on the use of common hand-held devices for social support. The use of such devices has the potential to level the playing field in adult social roles, helping people with ID make and keep relationships. It is unclear how applications like video chatting might be used to support transition-age youth with ID in adult social roles. Using a framework of modeling (i.e., social learning), generalization across settings (i.e., ecological systems), and self-determination, this single-case study was developed to learn the effect of direct instruction of youth with ID on initiation of and responses to others in adult social roles while using common hand-held devices. Three participants, selected from 9 youth participating in a structured social skills class, were taught to initiate interaction and respond to initiations made by others with modeled support in self-selected adult social settings. Visual analysis of graphed data showed generally increased initiations and responses. Percent of nonoverlapping data (PND) and percent of all nonoverlapping data (PAND) found varied effect size from one participant to the next. Quality of interactions had mixed results across participants. The results found these 3 transition-age youth with ID to be quite adept in their use of common hand-held devices, and they all used them successfully to access support. These findings suggest that the use of well known devices may increase the number of people who can provide social support, reduce the cost of devices and live supports, and reduce the of stigma of having a paid staff shadowing the individual.