[pt] O hospital de emergência constitui-se para o morador de rua o principal meio de acesso ao sistema de saúde. Este estudo, propõe-se a conhecer os contornos que envolvem o atendimento nestas unidades de saúde. A problematização da questão foi delineada a partir da análise das relações desenvolvidas no âmbito institucional e da fragilização dos ví­nculos sociais. Retrata-se este encontro em trás momentos significativos: admissão, permanência e alta hospitalar. A fundamentação teórica deste trabalho buscou situar os moradores de rua em uma perspectiva histórica e não circunstancial, objetivando compreender a representação social que incorporam. As principais categorias de análise utilizadas para o estudo são a exclusão social e o estigma, por serem conceitos definidores e pertinentes à condição de morador de rua que se configura naquele outro que não queremos ver, sentir o cheiro ou tocar. A partir de entrevistas realizadas junto a moradores de rua hospitalizados e a profissionais da área da saúde, observamos que muitos são os conflitos que permeiam seu percurso em busca de atendimento. / [en] The hospital emergency is for the residents of the street as the main means of access to the health system, therefore, this study proposes to know the contours involving this service. The problematization of this issue was outlined from the analysis of the relationship developed under institutional and weakening of social ties. This research describe this meeting in three significant moments: admission, hospital stay and medical release. The theoretical foundation of this study sought to locate the residents street in a historical perspective and not circumstantial, to understand the social representation incorporating. The main categories of analysis used for this study are social exclusion and stigma because they are defining concepts and relate to the condition of living on the streets. From interviews with residents of the street hospitalised and health care professionals, the conclusion is that many are the conflicts that permeate the journey made by residents of the street in search of care. The resident of the street set up in other that we do not want to see, smell or feel the touch.

Social connections represent an important determinant of economic agents’ behaviour. The three chapters of this thesis empirically analyse the effect of different types of networks on several economic outcomes. The first chapter analyses the role played by co-worker networks on immigrants’ employment outcomes. It investigates how immigrants’ job search outcomes are affected by the labour market outcomes of co-workers from the same country of origin. Using matched employer-employee micro data from Italy and an instrumental variables approach, I show that an increase in the employment prospects of socially connected workers improves immigrants’ job search outcomes. The paper also sheds light on the different mechanisms generating the social effect and it highlights the role of migrant networks in explaining immigrant segregation. Chapter 2 employs a unique dataset on articles, authors and editors of the top four economics journals over the period 2000-2006 to investigate the role of social ties in the publication process. Connections between editors and authors are identified based on their academic histories. Regression results show that the existence of a social tie with an editor positively affects publication outcomes of connected scholars. The analysis of citations shows that connected articles receive on average a higher number of citations than non-connected ones. The final chapter focuses on the impact of female managers on female workers’ employment outcomes. Exploiting changes in the share of female managers induced by firms’ takeovers, I find no statistically significant effect of an increase in the presence of female managers on employment outcomes of female workers. However there is an interesting negative effect on wage inequality within the acquiring firm, which may matter for both equity and efficiency reasons.

Does social similarity between the auditor and a specialist induce social biases that impair the auditor's reliance on the specialist? It is important to examine potential impairments to reliance since auditors do not possess expertise in many of the areas examined during the audit. One type of specialist that is increasingly relied upon by the auditor is the IT specialist. Since firms have two approaches to the organization of IT personnel (decentralized vs. centralized) and often use professional designations as a hiring criteria for specialists, I examine two dimensions of social similarity: domain knowledge distinctiveness and spatial distance. Using a 2 × 2 experiment manipulating the IT specialist's domain knowledge distinctiveness (distinct vs. overlapping) and spatial distance (in-house office location vs. outsourcing from another office) relative to the auditor, I investigate financial auditors' reliance on IT specialists. My findings provide evidence of a boundary condition to the widely accepted social identity theory. Specifically, when specialists (IT specialists in this study) are outsourced, marginally less reliance is placed on specialists possessing overlapping (shared) domain knowledge relative to distinct domain knowledge. Additionally, I find evidence of a "consultant effect" in which greater auditor reliance is placed on IT specialists from other offices when the IT specialist possesses distinct domain knowledge relative to the financial auditor. Findings suggest that a broader theory of social similarity in which dimensions of social similarity can interact to produce social biases appears to be more descriptive of real-world social complexities than social identity theory.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the work with young people at home to care and accommodation (HVB) are organized in a municipality outside Karlstad and how the staff perceive emotions in the workplace. The issues that are discussed are based on the concepts of social ties, emotional labor, roles, shame and pride. The number of people who are fleeing in the world is today about 51 million. There has not been this high since World War II. The Swedish Migration Board calculated that about 7,000 of these people were unaccompanied children and came to Sweden in 2014. Since 2005, there has been a high increase of young people who have been in institutions and one reason of that is the number of unaccompanied children. To find out where, when and how relationships are created on the HVB are issues that I have chosen for my study. Relationships are established through the energy-creating rituals between people and is a process that requires a shared sense that is developing between them. The staff has many different parts to consider in the process of creating a relationship with the youth. These young people may initially not know the language, they have no parents in Sweden and they are seeking for protection. The results show that two of the interviewees think that they deliberately are changing their attitudes at work compare to at home while the other two, feel that they can be themselves. The roles that the interviewees are experiencing at the workplace with the children are being a friend, sister, and mother. In the analysis, I have come to the conclusion that social ties towards young people and staff are created, but not as much as it could be. For rituals to happened and social ties to be created, there must be at least two people. A lot of staff time is administrative tasks and sleeping jour. In the conclusion, I carry a discussion of whether these HVB act as a home for the youth or not. Finally, there is a reflection on my own research and a perspective of new studies. Keywords: HVB, relationships, roles, social ties, shame and pride. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur arbetet kring ungdomarna på hem för vård- och boende (HVB) är organiserat i en kommun utanför Karlstad och hur personalen upplever emotioner i arbetslivet. De frågor som diskuteras utgår från begrepp som sociala band, emotionellt arbete, roller, skam och stolthet. Antalet människor som är på flykt i världen uppgår till ca 51 miljoner. Det har inte varit så högt sedan andra världskriget. Av dessa beräknar Migrationsverket att ca 7000 ensamkommande barn ska komma till Sverige under 2014. Sedan 2005 har en kraftig ökning skett av ungdomar som blivit institutionsplacerade och en orsak till det är de ensamkommande barnen. Var, när och hur skapas relationer på de HVB som jag har valt för min studie? Relationer sker genom de energiskapande ritualer som upprättas mellan människor. Det är en process som kräver att en gemensam känsla utvecklas mellan dem. Personalen har många olika delar att förhålla sig till i relationen till ungdomarna. Ungdomarna kan från början inte språket, de har inga föräldrar i Sverige och de söker skydd. Resultatet visar att två av intervjupersonerna anser att de medvetet ändrar förhållningssätt på arbetet medan de andra två tycker att de kan vara sig själva. De roller som intervjupersonerna säger sig inta i arbetslivet är kompis, syster och mamma. I analysen har jag kommit fram till att det skapas sociala band gentemot ungdomar och kolleger men inte i så stor utsträckning som det individuellt skulle kunna finnas möjlighet till. För att ritualer ska uppstå och sociala band skapas måste man vara minst två personer. Mycket av personalens arbetstid är administrativt och sovande jour. I slutsatsen för jag en diskussion om huruvida dessa HVB fungerar som ett hem. Tillsist görs en reflektion kring den egna forskningen och perspektivet på nya studier. Nyckelord: HVB, relationer, roller, sociala band, skam och stolthet.

Denna studie avser att jämföra brottsoffer och f.d. kriminellas upplevelser av hur individens identitet har formats. Undersökningen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med tio informanter som söker besvara frågan om hur individerna upplever att deras sociala band och självkänsla har förändrats av att vara kriminell respektive brottsoffer. Dessa frågor besvaras med de teoretiska utgångspunkter som valts där fokus ligger på Jenkins sociala identitetsteori. Vidare används Scheffs teori om sociala band som är associerad med känslor av skam och stolthet, samt Johnsons teori om självkänsla används som reglerar individens välmående. I resultatet framgår markanta skillnader mellan brottsoffer och f.d. kriminellas upplevelser av brott.  Den sociala omgivningen anses ha en betydande roll för deras olika upplevelser men framförallt för individernas identitetsskapande. Det kan även konstateras att sociala band utgör en viktig faktor för individens välbefinnande och har en inverkan på individens självkänsla. / This study intends to compare victims' and the former criminal’s experiences of how the individual's identity has been shaped. The study is based on qualitative interviews with ten informants and intends to answer the question of how individuals perceive that their social ties and self-esteem has changed from being a criminal and victim. These questions are answered with the selected theoretical starting points that focus on Jenkins social identity theory. Further, Scheff's theory of social ties that are associated with feelings of shame and pride, even Johnson's theory of self-esteem is used that regulate the individual's well-being. The results show obvious differences between the victims' and former criminals experiences of crime. The social environment is considered to have a significant role in their different experiences and has particularly an impact on the individuals' identity. It may even be noted that the social ties are an important factor in an individual's well-being and has an impact on the individual's self-esteem.

"Outdoor Education" and German Scout-Type Youth Organizations in the Czech Lands Title: "Outdoor Education" and German Scout-Type Youth Organizations in the Czech Lands Abstract: The thesis deals with the formation and history of German youth organizations in the Czech Lands. It especially covers those organizations that either directly referred to the Scout movement originating in the UK or US, or at least adopted the fundamental educational methods and principles of working with the youth which were typical for these movements. These organizations marked a revolutionary change in the approach to youth and their education. Such a change was possible thanks to a series of philosophical, pedagogical and political transformations in the society. Scout movements were especially built on the modern philosophical theories based on the ideas of American and German philosophers. However, the roots of this approach to nature and to human education can be traced to the early modern era, when the first modern approaches to teaching appeared and were generally applied under the changing economic and social environment of a modern society. In addition to philosophy, the movement was also influenced by a number of other social, political, ideological and cultural phenomena. The origins of these organizations can be seen...

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-17T18:42:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gabriela Scroczynski Fontes.pdf: 2512538 bytes, checksum: 128dfa2fbe99fb13d283ff55462695ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-08-21T13:45:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gabriela Scroczynski Fontes.pdf: 2512538 bytes, checksum: 128dfa2fbe99fb13d283ff55462695ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T13:45:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Gabriela Scroczynski Fontes.pdf: 2512538 bytes, checksum: 128dfa2fbe99fb13d283ff55462695ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-04 / CAPES / Este trabalho sintetiza uma pesquisa etnográfica a respeito da criação e manutenção de vínculos sociais por parte de estudantes da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, da cidade de Sinop – MT. O método etnográfico foi utilizado com o intuito de realizar reconstruções analíticas de cenários e de grupos sociais, através de mergulhos e observações da cultura do grupo estudado, em busca de indícios e características que contribuam para a compreensão do mesmo. Para compreender como o estudante universitário, da cidade de Sinop constrói e mantém vínculos sociais tanto no espaço urbano quanto no ciberespaço e como as mídias e novas tecnologias de comunicação participam desse processo, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 13 estudantes, cujas idades variam de 18 a 33 anos. Além disso, também foram utilizadas como ferramentas de coletas de dados a fotoetnografia e observações assistemáticas e sistemáticas, devidamente registradas em caderno de campo. Baseado em perspectivas teóricas de autores como Michel Maffesoli e Muniz Sodré e na noção de que a vida social em comunidade e a vinculação social são constituídas por processos de interação que ocorrem através da comunicação, este estudo constatou que os vínculos sociais, dos alunos participantes desta pesquisa, são constituídos a partir de dois fortes elementos: a família e o estudo e que as ferramentas de comunicação mediadas por aparelhos móveis de comunicação são instrumentos importantes no que se refere à manutenção desses vínculos. / This work synthesizes an ethnographic research about the creation e maintenance of social ties by the students from University of Estate of Mato Grosso – UNEMAT, Sinop – MT. The ethnographic method was used in order to perform analytical reconstructions of scenarios and social groups, through dives and observations of the culture of the group studied, looking for clues and characteristics that contribute to the understanding of it. To understand how the college student, from Sinop builds and maintains social ties in both urban space and in cyberspace and how the media and new communication technologies participate in this process, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 students, whose ages range 18-33 years. In addition, were also used as instrument of data collection the photoethnografy and the unsystematic and systematic observation, which were registered in a field notebook. Based on theoretical perspectives from authors as Michel Maffesoli and Muniz Sodré and in the idea that community social life and the social ties were constructed by interaction process which occur by communication, this study noted that the social ties, of the students who participated of this research, are made based on two elements: family and study and the communication tools mediated by mobile communication devices are important instruments used for the maintenance of this social ties.

Submitted by Edson Macedo (edsonmacedo@gmail.com) on 2013-09-26T02:17:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 The Relationship between Kinship and Microloan Performance.pdf: 825813 bytes, checksum: ff7e142b1e9ae57f59e0b786a53946b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-09-27T13:58:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 The Relationship between Kinship and Microloan Performance.pdf: 825813 bytes, checksum: ff7e142b1e9ae57f59e0b786a53946b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-09-30T12:10:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 The Relationship between Kinship and Microloan Performance.pdf: 825813 bytes, checksum: ff7e142b1e9ae57f59e0b786a53946b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T12:11:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 The Relationship between Kinship and Microloan Performance.pdf: 825813 bytes, checksum: ff7e142b1e9ae57f59e0b786a53946b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / I exploit a large data set of microloans from a MFI of Brazilian northeastern to investigate whether the kinship ties influence the likelihood of repayment. I found evidence that the kinship relationship between members of a group loan positively affects repayment. Groups in which all members are connected somehow by kinship have a 24% lower probability of default compared to groups without such connections. Additionally, I show that a group loan with 100% of kinship has a 45% lower probability of default in the first loan than groups lacking of kinship ties among members. I also found a negative relationship between kinship and change in the group formation. These results allow us to infer about the mechanisms of group lending and suggest that the greatest impact of kinship on microloan performance occur through screening activities. The results also suggest that the improvement on monitoring activities outweigh the weakening of enforcement. / A partir de uma grande base de dados fornecida por uma instituição de microcrédito do nordeste brasileiro, a relação entre parentesco e inadimplência é analisada. O presente trabalho mostra evidências de que o parentesco entre membros de um grupo solidário afeta positivamente a adimplência. Grupos em que todos os membros possuíam algum laço de parentesco entre si apresentaram uma probabilidade 24% menor de inadimplência do que grupo sem esses laços. Além disso, quando considerado apenas o primeiro empréstimo, grupos com 100% de parentesco entre os membros apresentaram uma probabilidade 45% menor de inadimplência em comparação com membros sem relações de parentesco. Os resultados deste trabalho também mostram que há uma relação negativa entre parentesco e probabilidade de mudança na formação de um grupo solidário. Essas análises permitem fazer inferências acerca dos mecanismos pelos quais o parentesco afeta o desempenho do microcrédito. Os resultados sugerem que o parentesco possui um benefício maior no processo de autosseleção do grupo. Além disso, os resultados também sugerem que o impacto positivo do parentesco nas atividades de automonitoramento compensa o enfraquecimento das atividades de enforcement.

Le problème que suscite la complexité du débat autour du processus de la mondialisation nous impose un nouveau questionnement du phénomène. En effet, de sa vocation première, essentiellement économiquement, de susciter de l’espoir par la croissance et un bonheur partagés à travers le monde, découle paradoxalement un double visage de peur et de catastrophes. Juridiquement, la mondialisation mobilise les valeurs universelles des droits de l’homme et offre au droit un fondement éthique. Or contrairement à cette vocation universellement éthique du droit, l’homme s’use et s’épuise par des exigences impératives d’être soi. Culturellement s’ouvre aussi des horizons d’une unification enchanteurs des mœurs et habitudes civilisationnelles en même temps qu’une société fragmentée entre des religions et des cultures qui se rivalisent sans merci. Au final, la mondialisation nous enveloppe dans une complexité qui lui est ontologique mais nous impose également de penser une nouvelle politique complexe de civilisation. Car malgré la brutalité compétitive inhérente à l’économie-monde, celle-ci doit faire appel à une nécessité de reconstruire un monde avec les autres dans un élan de reconnaissance ou de solidarité mutuelle. Cette nouvelle inspiration est également valable pour les sociétés africaines qui ont subi son influence. Notre recherche entend rendre compte de la problématique du vivre-ensemble dans nos sociétés contemporaines mais aussi des critiques-interprétatives qui en dérivent. / The problem raises the complexity of the debate around the process of globalization imposes a new questioning of the phenomenon. Indeed, his first vocation economically to create hope for the growthand happiness shared around the world, paradoxically stems two faces of fear and disaster. Judicially, globalization is mobilizing the universal values of human rights and the right offer an ethical foundation. But unlike the universally ethical vocation of law, the man wears and exhausts by imperative requirements to be yourself. Culturally also opens the horizons of a civilizational unification enchanting customs and habits together a fragmented society between religions and cultures that are competing without thank you. Finally, globalization envelops us in a complexity that is ontological him but we also needed to tins of a new civilization of complex policy. For despite the brutality inherent in the competitive world economy, it must call to a need to rebuild a world with others in a burst of recognition or mutual solidarity. The new inspiration is true for African societies that have undergone its influence. Our research intends to account for the problem of living together in our contemporary societies but also interpretative-critical derived therefrom.

Social networks are everywhere, from face-to-face activities to online social networks such as Flickr, YouTube and Facebook. In social networks, ties (relationships) are connections between people. The change of social relationships over time consequently leads to the evolution of the social network structure. At the same time, ties serve as carriers to transfer pieces of information from one person to another. Studying social ties is critical to understanding the fundamental processes behind the network. Although many studies on social networks have been carried out over the last many decades, most of the work either used small in-lab datasets, or focused on directly connected static relations while ignoring indirect relations and the dynamic nature of real networks. Today, because of the emergence of online social networks, more and more large longitudinal social datasets are becoming available. The available real social datasets are fundamental to understanding evolution processes of networks in more depth. In this thesis, we study the role of social ties in dynamic networks using datasets from various domains of online social networks. Networks, especially social networks often exhibit dual dynamic nature: the structure of the graph changes (by node and edge insertion and removal), and information flows in the network. Our work focuses on both aspects of network dynamics. The purpose of this work is to better understand the role of social ties in network evolution and changes over time, and to determine what social factors help shape individuals’ choices in negative behavior. We first developed a metric that measures the strength of indirectly connected ties. We validated the accuracy of the measurement of indirect tie metric with real-world social datasets from four domains. Another important aspect of my research is the study of edge creation and forecast future graph structure in time evolving networks. We aim to develop algorithms that explain the edge formation properties and process which govern the network evolution. We also designed algorithms in the information propagation process to identify next spreaders several steps ahead, and use them to predict diffusion paths. Next, because different social ties or social ties in different contexts have different influence between people, we looked at the influence of social ties in behavior contagion, particularly in a negative behavior cheating. Our recent work included the study of social factors that motivate or limit the contagion of cheating in a large real-world online social network. We tested several factors drawn from sociology and psychology explaining cheating behavior but have remained untested outside of controlled laboratory experiments or only with small, survey based studies. In addition, this work analyzed online social networks with large datasets that certain inherent influences or patterns only emerge or become visible when dealing with massive data. We analyzed the world’s largest online gaming community, Steam Community, collected data with 3, 148, 289 users and 44, 725, 277 edges. We also made interesting observations of cheating influence that were not observed in previous in-lab experiments. Besides providing empirically based understanding of social ties and their influence in evolving networks at large scales, our work has high practical importance for using social influence to maintain a fair online community environment, and build systems to detect, prevent, and mitigate undesirable influence.