Orientador: Edwiges Maria Morato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:43:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vezali_Patrik_D.pdf: 3445724 bytes, checksum: f17d31a7560b2656695234de1528b2ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho é o resultado de anos de pesquisa sobre a questão da significação em geral e da relação entre linguagem, corpo e cognição em específico. Desde a graduação até este doutoramento transitamos entre várias áreas diferentes, por exemplo a Semiótica e a Filosofia da Linguagem; mesmo assim, nosso questionamento principal sempre esteve aliado ao entendimento da constituição sócio-cognitiva de nossa mente e, também, da mútua constituição entre os vários sistemas semiológicos para nossa compreensão/expressão no mundo, mas nunca perdendo nosso ponto de partida: a Linguística. Nesta tese de doutorado, partimos da observação da gestualidade em contextos de produção afásica. Os gestos seriam complementares e/ou compensatórios em casos em que a linguagem encontra-se alterada de alguma maneira? Para analisar essa questão, inscrevemos nossa reflexão com base em dados audiovisuais de interações entre afásicos e não afásicos. A referenciação dêitica será tomada como foco de análise por se constituir, segundo nossas hipóteses iniciais, como o lugar de excelência em que a relação fala e gesto pode manifestar-se plenamente já que os elementos dêiticos precisam da situação de uso para sua significação; isso aciona todo um complexo jogo de mútua constitutividade entre diferentes semiologias. Estabeleceremos nossas bases teóricas sobre as atividades de referenciação dêitica verbais e não verbais, analisando a questão da multimodalidade; bem como aprofundando nossa reflexão sobre o tema desta pesquisa ao analisar trabalhos basilares sobre a relação entre fala e gesto (Kendon, 2004; McNeill, 1992). A observação dos dados e constatação de certos fenômenos de conjugação entre fala e gesto, levaram-nos à elaboração de sistema de transcrição que possibilitasse a alternativa de transcrever o gesto alinhado à fala sem precisar de descrições e, também, para que conseguíssemos visualizar, no dado transcrito, os fenômenos de interesse de nossa análise. Como revelaram nossos dados, não são apenas as entidades gramaticais e lexicais que são acionadas para referenciar, elas são dependentes das condições de emprego e de uso da linguagem - os sentidos associados aos contextos de uso dos dêiticos. Os dados de interações entre afásicos e não afásicos salientam a participação do verbal e do não verbal na construção da referência, seja pela postura no mundo, seja pelo recurso a elementos do contexto, seja pela gestualidade - meios que dão visibilidade às ações referenciais e interativas / Abstract: This work is the result of years of research on the question of meaning in general and the relationship between language, body and cognition in particular. Since the College through PhD I moved between several different areas, for example Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language; but the main questions has always been allied to the understanding of a sociocognitive mind, and also the mutual constitution between various semiological systems to our understanding & expression in the world but never losing our starting point: Linguistics. In this PhD, we start the questioning about the gestures in the contexts of aphasic production. Would be the gestures complementary and/or compensatory in cases where the language is changed in any way? We have put our thinking based on data of audiovisual interactions between aphasics and non-aphasics to analyze this question. The deictic referencing is taken as the focus of analysis because they constitute, according to our initial hypothesis, as the place of excellence where this relationship may manifest itself fully as the deictic elements require the use situation for its significance, this triggers a whole multimodal complex set of relationships. We will establish our theoretical basis on the activities of reference deictic verbal and nonverbal, analyzing the issue of multimodality, as well as deepen our reflection on the theme of this research to analyze jobs for our basic conceptualization of the relationship between speech and gesture (Kendon, 2004; McNeill, 1992). The observation data and observation of certain phenomena of conjugation between speech and gesture, they took us to the development of system to allow the alternative of transcript the gesture aligned to the speech without the need to describe and capable to view, in the transcript data, the phenomena of interest to our analysis. As our data show, not just the grammatical and lexical entities that are triggered to refer, they are dependent on the conditions of apply and use of language - the meanings associated with the use of deictic contexts. The data show in the interactions between the aphasics and non-aphasics underlines the involvement of verbal and nonverbal in the construction of reference, either by position in the world, or by appealing to elements of context, whether by gesture - environments that give means to the referential actions and interactions / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Orientador: Marilda do Couto Cavalcanti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T12:40:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MariaAparecidaCaltabianoMagalhaesBorgesda_D.pdf: 5899230 bytes, checksum: bba5005a30dd547fd022ba2117646a38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a interação que ocorre entre os membros de um determinado grupo de adultos, aprendizes da língua inglesa, focalizando a interrelação entre os momentos de verdade e faz-de-conta em aulas comunicativas. O foco da investigação é uma escola de línguas de São Paulo, capital. A pesquisadora, matriculada como aluna regular, acompanhou e fez parte de um grupo de adultos freqüentando os estágios correspondentes aos níveis 8 e 9 (intermediário), durante o período de junho a novembro de 1994. A presente pesquisa, de natureza etnográfica, utilizou os seguintes instrumentos para coleta de registros: gravação em áudio, notas de campo, diários e entrevistas informais feitas com os alunos participantes do grupo-foco de estudo e com professores responsáveis pelo curso e pelo treinamento dado pela escola. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados como base teórica, estudos de autores como Widdowson (1978, 1979), Breen e Candlin (1980), Canale. e Swain (1980), Swan (1985), Almeida Filho (1993), entre outros, sobre a abordagem comunicativa, atualmente proposta para o ensino de línguas estrangeiras e trabalhos sobre interação social de Erving Goffman, destacando conceitos de papéis (1981) e preservação da face (1967) para a análise da interação na sala de aula / Abstract: This research aims at discussing some aspects related to the language teaching and learning process, analysing the interaction occurring among a group of adult learners in the English language classroom. Taking into account that the classes are considered communicative, the analysis focuses on the authenticity of the interaction among the group, analyzing some simulated and non-simulated situations. The data were collected in a private language schoollocated in São Paulo. The researcher attended the classes as a regular student from June to November in 1994. Being na ethnographic research, the following procedures were used: the classes were audio recorded, fieldnotes were taken and some informal interviews were made with the participants: teachers and students. The analyses were based on some works of Widdowson (1978, 1979), Breen and Candlin (1980), Canale e Swain (1980), Swan (1985), A1meida Filho (1993) about communicative approach. Studies in the social interaction area, as made by Goffman (1967, 1981), were also aken in account in order to analyze the interaction in the English language classroom / Doutorado / Ensino-Aprendizagem de Segunda Lingua e Lingua Estrangeira / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

The purpose of this paper has been to study how users experiences and behaviors are influenced by a "like" function, when publication of images in social media with the photo app Instagram as the selected base. In this study respondents has been part of a study regarding their experiences and behavior related to "like" function in Instagram. The results of the question form have then been analyzed to find patterns in their behavior and to exemplify/reinforce different type of user-behavior found in related scientific articles. The study has shown that the behavior of Instagram users is affected by the "like" function, when they believes that the function is a status marker that raises the interest for certain users by the number of likes. Through my results, I have been able to amplify and illustrate several theories of Goffman, Buckingham and Gripsrud which are presented in the report.

This thesis aimed partly to examine the effects of gender on conversation dynamics, partly to investigate whether interaction between participants with contrasting opinions promotes cognitive development on a moral task. Another objective was to explore whether particular conversational features of interaction would have any impact upon a pair’s joint response or on each child’s moral development. The conversations were coded with regard to simultaneous speech acts, psychosocial behaviour and types of justifications used. The results show no gender differences regarding psychosocial processes, but the boys used more negative interruptions, more overlaps and significantly proportionately more justifications in the form of assertions than the girls in the study. Gender differences were often more pronounced in same-gender as opposed to mixed-gender pairs, but children also altered their behaviour to accommodate to the gender of their conversational partner. Children who participated in the interaction phase of the study showed more overall progress on an eight-weeks delayed post-test than those who did not. However the only conversational feature that was related to the outcomes of conversation and development was the use of expiatory force justifications which were associated with a more advanced reply immediately after interaction as well as two weeks later.

Online dating and “People nearby applications” (PNA) has become more popular in today’s society. With PNA you can easily find people who are nearby you that you can socialize with and maybe even meet. In this paper we study the mobile application Badoo and explore how it is used for dating in clubs in Stockholm through observations that we participated in. We also had a group interview with five Badoo users about their usage of the application. It turned out that they mostly used Badoo during daytime to socialize with other people. Our observations in this study showed that Badoo is used by some people for dating when out in nightclubs but many people are more likely to use it when they are at home for other types of dates, such as meeting for sexual activities etc, at this time of the day.

The problem of the investigation was to ascertain the contributions of various sociological theorists to a sociology of emotions. Emphasis was to be placed on the symbolic interactionist school. The method employed was that of a literature review, with an evaluative analysis of each of a number of writers as each contributed to a sociology of emotions. The study had the purpose of remedying the long-standing neglect of emotions by sociologists. This purpose was accomplished by indicating the distinctive contributions of each theorist and areas of convergence among theorists. The investigation was organized according to groups of theorists. Each theorist was examined for conceptions of human nature and of the relationship between the individual and society. Chapter I discussed the problem in general; the remaining chapters analyzed the theorists. Chapter II discussed the classical theorists Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Talcott Parsons. Chapter III presented the views of the symbolic interactionists George Herbert Mead, Charles Cooley, Herbert Blumer, Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills, and Erving Goffman. Chapter IV treated contemporary theorists: Arlie Hochschild, Theodore Kemper, Susan Shott, and Norman Denzin.

Dans l’optique de combler un déficit en main d’oeuvre, l’Allemagne a signé des accords avec la Turquie en 1961 entraînant l’arrivée de nombreux Turcs sur son territoire. Depuis cette période la question de l’intégration reste au centre des préoccupations de ce pays. Ce processus n’est possible que lorsque la population immigrante surmonte toutes sortes d’obstacles pour embrasser les représentations socioculturelles, économiques, politiques et linguistiques d’une société qui n’est pas la sienne. Ce phénomène « majeur » semble atteindre le stade de réussite lorsque les communautés non autochtones choisissent d’adopter la culture de la société d’accueil. Dans les recherches empiriques sociodémographiques, l’intégration se structure en différentes étapes. C’est un procédé qui englobe l’interculturalité, l’interaction sociale, l’acculturation, le biculturalisme et nécessite la prise en compte de la notion d’identité. Pourquoi parler d’intégration de la femme turque ? Les questions relatives au statut de la femme musulmane provoquent des débats houleux qui ne sont pas négligeables. La femme turque qui migre le plus souvent en Allemagne est originaire des campagnes. Le choc culturel auquel elle est confrontée pose d’emblée le problème de son intégration sociale. L’objectif de cette thèse est de s’intéresser à la vie sociale, politique, économique et religieuse de l’immigrée musulmane en s’appuyant sur la littérature germano-turque. Le but de cette étude est donc d’établir le rapport entre l’essence même de l’immigration et les enjeux de l’intégration dans les oeuvres Ich wollte nur frei sein d’Hülya Kalkan, Einmal Hans mit scharfer Soβe de Hatice Akyün, So wie ich will de Melda Akbas et Das Geheimnis meiner türkischen Groβmutter de Dilek Güngör. L’analyse des textes fait appel à l’esthétique de la réception, théorie qui se fonde d’ailleurs sur la démarche herméneutique. On constate également à la lecture des ouvrages de nombreux phénomènes d’intertextualité dans la mesure où les thèmes sont similaires. Le roman et l’autobiographie sont les moyens d’expression les plus courants qui enveloppent les multiples couleurs de l’intégration. L’acculturation ou la non-adaptation à l’altérité apparaissent comme le point focal de la littérature germano-turque. Les ouvrages qui font l’objet de notre étude sont pris en compte comme des génériques qui viennent mettre en lumière le thème de l’intégration développé par les précurseurs germano-turcs. Frappés tous par la volonté d’oeuvrer positivement, les auteurs germano-turcs ne se lassent pas d’agir par l’écriture ou le verbe. / For the purpose of addressing the labour shortage, Germany signed in 1961 agreements with Turkey leading to massive arrivals of Turks on the country. Since this time the integration issue remains at the heart of concerns of this country. This integration process is only possible when immigrant population overcomes all kind of obstacles to embrace social, economic, political and linguistic representations of the receiving society. This major phenomenon seems to be successful when non-native communities choose to adopt the culture of the host country. Within empirical socio-demographic research, Integration is structured into different steps. This process encompasses interculturality, social interaction, acculturation, biculturalism and requires the consideration of the identity. Why talking about integration of Turkish women? Questions related to the status of Muslim women set off heated debate to be considered. The Turkish woman who usually immigrates in Germany comes originally from campaigns. The culture shock she deals with immediately raises the problem of her integration. The expected aim is to take an interest in the social, political, economic and religious life of Muslim immigrant woman by being based on German-Turkish literature. The objective of this study is therefore to establish a relationship between the essence of immigration and integration issues from works Ich wollte nur frei sein by Hülya Kalkan, Einmal Hans mit scharferSoβe by Hatice Akyün, So wie ich will by Melda Akbas and Das Geheimnis meiner türkischen Groβmutter by Dilek Güngör. The analysis of texts requires the aesthetic of reception, theory that is based on the hermeneutical approach. Upon reading works, we also notice many phenomena of intertextuality insofar as themes are similar.Novel and Autobiography are the common means of expression that envelop the multiple colours of integration.Acculturation or the non-adaptation to the alterity appears as the focal point of the German-Turkish literature. The works under our study are taken into account as generic books which highlight the theme of integration developed by the precursors of the German-Turkish literature while making a few modifications. Fortified by the will to positively work on, the German-Turkish authors never get tired of acting through the writing or the language.

The main aim of this thesis is to explain and describe the basic aspects of the language situation in Gibraltar. In the introduction is briefly summarized the cultural and historical context in which the question of Gibraltarian nationality and linguistic identity are developed. The theme of the other chapters is the issue of the concept itself. Llanito, Yanito or Gibberish are some of the terms that are used in linguistics to refer to a typical speech used by habitants of Gibraltar only. In this chapter are presented the linguistic theories on the origin and development of the specific terminology. The following chapter contains phonetic, morphosyntactic and lexical characteristics of the analysed language structure. The description of each plane is connected and put into the context. The fourth chapter explores the influence of the major European languages in Gibraltarian speech. Other chapters describe dictionaries Yanito and the influence of this language structure on literature and media. Key words: llanito/yanito, bilingualism in Gibraltar, language code-switching, morfosyntactic structures, linguistic and social interaction, dictionaries.

Abstract The rationale for this doctoral research derives from the escalating challenge posed by the media gap reducing learners’ school motivation. Today’s learners have been attracted to interactive media involving content creation, but such activating learning environments are rarely employed at school. To address this challenge, I started this research on pedagogical potentials of publishing-oriented learner-generated video production. The process, implementing new literacies, offered an alternative to traditional instruction as well as opportunities for multilevel social interaction. Online publishing of the videos as a natural continuation of the process enabled interaction between school and society. In this research, I examined through three case studies what kinds of social interaction emerge in this context and how interaction can be improved. I collected the data in primary and secondary schools by observing and video recording discussions in video projects and by interviewing students, teachers and parents. I employed a quantifying method to analyze group interaction and its development and used inductive qualitative methods to examine teacher–student interaction and interaction at the societal level. The findings emphasize the crucial role of the teacher in orchestrating social interaction. The observed peer group was actively involved in planning their joint video story, but the open-ended fictional task challenged interaction. Despite initial disputational and modest discussion the group learned to ‘intercreate’ due to minimal scaffolding provided by the teacher. Occasionally, whole-class discussions were dominated by the teacher and two to three students. Online publishing of the videos appeared to generate contradictory feelings. In primary schools videos were largely published online, but in secondary schools students were more reluctant to publish their school-context videos. Interaction was scarce between students, teachers and parents even though they were invited to discuss the media ground rules of online publishing activities. In order to improve interaction processes and environments, the teacher needs to designate carefully scripted subtasks, provide reflective scaffolding as well as implement media encouragement to enable interaction between school and society. / Tiivistelmä Väitöstutkimuksen taustalla on koulun ja arjen mediaympäristöjen välille viime vuosina syntynyt, koulumotivaatiota heikentävä kuilu. Oppijat ovat arjessaan tottuneet vuorovaikutteiseen, tuottavaan median käyttöön, mutta koululla on vaikeuksia hyödyntää aktivoivia oppimisympäristöjä. Vastauksena tähän haasteeseen aloin tutkia julkaisemislähtöisen yhteisöllisen videotuotannon mahdollisuuksia opetuksessa. Tämä monilukutaitoja toteuttava työmuoto tarjosi vaihtoehdon perinteiselle opetukselle ja tilaisuuksia monipuoliselle vuorovaikutukselle. Videoiden verkkojulkaiseminen prosessin luontevana jatkona mahdollisti vuorovaikutuksen myös koulun ja ympäröivän yhteiskunnan välillä. Tutkimuksessa selvitin millaista vuorovaikutusta tässä kontekstissa muodostuu ja millä tavoin vuorovaikutusta voidaan kehittää. Tutkimuksen toteutin kolmen tapaustutkimuksen sarjana. Aineistot keräsin ala- ja yläkoulussa observoimalla ja videoimalla videoprojektien keskusteluja sekä haastattelemalla oppijoita, opettajia ja vanhempia. Tutkin ryhmävuorovaikutuksen kehittymistä määrällistävällä menetelmällä. Lisäksi tarkastelin vuorovaikutusta opettaja–oppija-tasolla sekä koulun ja yhteiskunnan välillä aineistolähtöisen laadullisen analyysin keinoin. Tulokset osoittavat opettajan olevan keskeisessä asemassa vuorovaikutuksen orkesteroinnissa. Tarkastelemani oppijaryhmä suunnitteli innostuneesti videotarinoita, mutta avoin fiktiivinen tehtävänanto vaikeutti vuorovaikutusta. Vaikka keskustelu oli aluksi riitaisaa ja laadultaan vaatimatonta, ryhmä oppi opettajan antaman minimaalisen tuen avulla luomaan yhdessä itsenäisesti. Oppijalähtöinen ryhmittyminen vei aikaa ja vaikeutti työn aloittamista, kun taas opettajajakoiset ryhmät näyttivät käynnistyvän helpommin. Kokoluokkakeskustelua dominoivat opettaja ja pari oppilasta. Videoiden verkkojulkaiseminen herätti ristiriitaisia näkemyksiä. Alakouluissa julkaistiin videoita mielellään, kun taas yläkouluissa arkailtiin niiden julkaisemista. Verkkojulkaisemisen julkisuuskasvatukselliseen keskusteluun osallistamien osapuolten välinen vuorovaikutus jäi vähäiseksi. Vuorovaikutusprosessien ja -ympäristöjen kehittämiseksi opettajalta edellytetään selkeiden osatehtävien huolellista suunnittelua, reflektiivistä ohjaamisen taitoa sekä verkkojulkaisemiseen rohkaisemista mahdollistamaan vuorovaikutusta koulun sekä ympäröivän yhteiskunnan välillä.

M.Ed. (Psychology of Education) / Please refer to full text to view abstract