Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-26T14:49:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DEFINITIVA.pdf: 2841429 bytes, checksum: 7a2ab1e6670fc50edaf4f514819d3657 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T14:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DEFINITIVA.pdf: 2841429 bytes, checksum: 7a2ab1e6670fc50edaf4f514819d3657 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / CAPEs / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar quais teorias de aprendizagem orientam o designdas tecnologias educacionais (ambientes, materiais didáticos e atividades) desenvolvidas para os cursos de Pedagogia oferecidos na modalidade a distância pelas universidades federais do Nordeste. Para tal, realizamos a revisão de literatura das principais teorias de aprendizagem dos séculos XX e XXI, de modo a identificarmos seus princípios mais importantes para o planejamento de tecnologias educacionais, tais princípios deram origem às nossas categorias de análise. Para a coleta dos dados em campo foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: a) análise documental, como indicada por Gil (2008), dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso-PPCs; b) entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores/coordenadores dos cursos-alvo, e; c) observação sistemática das tecnologias empregadas em sete disciplinas de dois destes cursos. Para análise e interpretação dos dados foi adotada a técnica da análise de conteúdo, conforme orientada por Moraes (1999) e Gil (2008). Como resultado, identificamos que os PPCs apresentam forte viés escolanovista com significativa presença do Construtivismo e Socioconstrutivismo. Já as falas dos sujeitos são marcadamente behavioristas e cognitivistas, apresentando ainda uma ênfase leve ou moderada de princípios construtivistas e/ou socioconstrutivistas. Nas tecnologias propriamente ditas transparecem princípios coerentes com aqueles identificados nas falas dos sujeitos entrevistados, variando, contudo, a qualidade com que tais princípios são aplicados durante o processo de design, o que indica haver forte presença de senso comum orientando o planejamento das tecnologias educacionais. / This study aimed to identify which learning theories guide the design of educational technologies (environments, learning materials and activities) developed for teaching courses offered in distance education by federal universities in the Northeast region of Brazil. To this end, we conducted a literature review of the main theories of learning of XX and XXI centuries, in order to identify its most important principles for the planning of educational technologies. Such principles originated our analytical categories. To collect the field data, the following procedures were performed: a) document analysis of Pedagogical Projects Course -PPCs, as indicated by Gil (2008); b) semi-structured interviews with teachers/coordinators of the target courses, and; c) Systematic observation of the technologies employed in seven of two of these courses. For analysis and interpretation of data it was adopted the technique of content analysis, as guided by Moraes (1999) and Gil (2008). As a result, we identified that the PPCs have a strong bias of New School thought with a significant presence of constructivism and socio-constructivism. Yet, the participants' speech are markedly behavioral and cognitivist, and contains mild or moderate emphasis on constructivist or socioconstructivist principles. The technologies themselves transpire principles consistent with those identified in the statements of the interviewees, varying, however, the quality withwhich these principles are applied during the design process, which indicates that there is strong presence of common sense guiding the planning of the educational technologies.

Le début des années 2000 marque l’émergence des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et du web 2.0 dans le réseau collégial québécois. Dans la foulée de ce progrès technologique, la présence des TIC a modifié la manière d’apprendre le savoir disciplinaire de l’étudiant, tout en permettant au professeur de repenser sa pédagogie dans le but de la rendre plus interactive. Au départ, la miniaturisation des appareils a été une source d’émulation pour les innovateurs, mais aussi de crainte pour les tenants d’un enseignement traditionnel. Encore aujourd’hui, cette dualité repose sur des convictions professionnelles divergentes à l’égard de ce que devrait être l’enseignement de la philosophie. Cette thèse a pour objectif de démontrer qu’en développant leur sentiment de compétence respectif, le professeur et l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC doivent faire un usage éthiquement responsable des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie au collégial et renouveler du même coup l’apprentissage disciplinaire. À terme, la valorisation de la techno pédagogie permettrait de responsabiliser davantage l’étudiant à l’égard de ses apprentissages et le rendrait plus autonome. En plus d’améliorer les taux de réussite, comme en témoigne notre cueillette de données, la techno pédagogie permettrait au professeur de développer une pédagogie de l’accompagnement mieux ciblée à l’égard des besoins particuliers de l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC. Pour parvenir à cette fin, notre thèse est divisée en quatre parties et elle se base sur une approche interdisciplinaire. La première partie porte sur la sociologie de la communication. Nous expliquerons la manière dont les TIC modifient la nature du lien social et la dynamique des interactions entre les usagers. Pour les uns la technologie permettrait une communication plus efficace, mais pour les autres elle encouragerait le durcissement des rapports humains de sorte que prioriser l’efficacité de la communication menacerait la qualité et la pérennité des relations interpersonnelles. Quant à elle, la seconde partie porte sur l’éducation et l’importance pour l’étudiant et le professeur de développer une pratique réflexive conjointe à l’égard de l’apprentissage et de la transmission du savoir disciplinaire. En dépit des difficultés auxquelles l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC et le techno pédagogue sont confrontés, ces derniers doivent acquérir une série de compétences communes sans lesquelles l’usage des TIC en classe risquerait d’être futile. Du coup, la nature de la relation pédagogique doit être réévaluée pour maximiser l’innovation techno pédagogique. La troisième partie porte sur l’éthique et l’usage responsable des technologies en situation d’apprentissage. En effet, l’utilisation des TIC par le professeur et l’étudiant doit être une responsabilité partagée et reposer sur des valeurs communes de solidarité et de complémentarité. Ce sont ces deux valeurs qui permettraient d’adapter l’encadrement pédagogique du professeur afin de pouvoir répondre aux besoins spécifiques de l’étudiant. De plus, l’implantation d’une communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle optimiserait l’engagement du professeur et la participation de l’étudiant dans sa réussite académique. Finalement, nous proposerons une série de recommandations visant à améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie. Celles-ci ont pour but d’inculquer une culture du changement qui, selon nous, serait à la fois profitable pour l’ensemble du réseau collégial et constructive pour le développement de stratégies numériques en philosophie. / Abstract : The turn of the century brought with it an emergence of information and communications technologies (ICT) and web 2.0 to the Quebec junior college network. In the wake of this technological progress, the presence of ICT changed (transformed) the way students learned about discipline-related content while allowing the teachers to redefine their pedagogical methods that would make courses more interactive. At the outset, the miniaturisation of these tools was a source of emulation for the developers as well as a cause of concern for the tenants of traditional teaching methods. Even today, this duality has led to diverging professional convictions with regards to how we should teach philosophy. The goal of this thesis is to show that in developing a feeling of mutual competency, students and teachers of the Springboard to a DCS pathway must engage in an ethically responsible usage of information and communications technologies. This will improve teaching methods of philosophy, which will lead to renewed discipline-related learning. Over time, the validation of electronic pedagogy (e-pedagogy) will allow students to cultivate a sense of responsibility with regards to their learning and make them more autonomous. In addition to increasing the passing rate, as shown by our data, e-pedagogy permits the teacher to develop a more targeted approach to accompany the particular needs of students in the Springboard to a DCS pathway. Our thesis is broken into four parts and is based on an interdisciplinary approach. The first part deals with the sociology of communication. We will explain how ICT have changed the nature of socialization and the dynamics of user interactions. For some, technological tools allow for a more efficient communication, whereas others feel that these tools encourage a breakdown of human relationships because in prioritizing communication efficiency, we risk harming the quality and longevity of interpersonal relationships. The second part focuses on education and the importance for students and teachers to develop a shared reflective practice with regards to learning and transmitting discipline-related content. Despite the difficulties faced by students in the Springboard to DSC pathway and their instructor, all of the actors must acquire a series of common competencies, without which the use of ICT would be futile. That means that the nature of the pedagogical relationship must be re-evaluated to allow to increased e-pedagogy innovation. The third part deals with ethically responsible usage of ICT in learning situations. Indeed, in using ICT, instructors and students must assure a shared responsibility and consider common values of solidarity and complementarity. These two values are necessary for teachers to be able to adapt academic supervision in order to answer specific student needs. Furthermore, a professional learning community would optimize teacher commitment thereby increasing a student’s efforts in his or her academic success. Finally, we will propose a series of recommendations to improve the teaching of philosophy. The purpose is to bring about a culture of change which, in our opinion, would be beneficial for the entire college network and constructive for the development of e-pedagogical strategies in philosophy.

En France, la formation en soins infirmiers de premier cycle s’inscrit, depuis 2009, dans un schéma universitaire en vue de s’harmoniser avec la politique européenne de l’enseignement supérieur. Le système formel d’apprentissage est dorénavant construit selon une approche par compétences et met en lumière la place de la recherche avec l’introduction d’une unité d’enseignement associée à l’initiation à la démarche de recherche. La présente étude vise à décrire et comprendre la signification du processus réflexif d’étudiants de France en soins infirmiers de premier cycle, à partir de l’expérience vécue de la réalisation de leur travail de fin d’études d’initiation à la démarche de recherche. Préalablement à la présente recherche doctorale, aucune étude scientifique ne portait sur la compréhension du processus réflexif des étudiants en soins infirmiers de premier cycle, dans le cadre de la formation par la recherche et plus particulièrement lors de la réalisation de leur travail de fin d’études d’initiation à la démarche de recherche. L’état des connaissances était insuffisant et ne permettait donc pas de décrire le processus réflexif dans ce contexte. Ainsi, suite à ce constat, une étude qualitative de type phénoménologie descriptive a été privilégiée, avec la réalisation d’entrevues qualitatives auprès de 14 étudiants de trois instituts de formation en soins infirmiers en France. Les entrevues réalisées ont été analysées à l’aide de la méthode d’analyse de Giorgi (1997a). Le processus d’analyse des données a permis l’émergence des cinq thèmes suivants, illustrant la signification du processus réflexif à partir de l’expérience vécue des participants : 1) « Activité influencée par des éléments facilitants », 2) « Démarche optimisée par l’accompagnement et la validation du formateur », 3) « Démarche heuristique dans l’apprentissage », 4) « Activité impliquant un investissement personnel et une gestion du temps » et 5) « Co-construction de la professionnalisation ». Ces cinq thèmes invitent à la formulation de l’essence du phénomène : la signification du processus réflexif d’étudiants en soins infirmiers de premier cycle correspond à « une démarche de professionnalisation empreinte de socioconstructivisme et porteuse d’un engagement personnel qui façonne l’ethos professionnel infirmier ». La présente étude concourt de façon novatrice au développement des savoirs en proposant une représentation visuelle du processus réflexif de l’étudiant du premier cycle lors de l’expérience de la réalisation de leur travail de fin d’études d’initiation à la démarche de recherche. La représentation visuelle illustre la richesse et la complexité de l’essence du processus réflexif, soit un tissage interdépendant et hétérogène de fragrances issues des résultats. A la lumière des résultats obtenus à partir de cette étude phénoménologique descriptive, l’étudiante-chercheure a repéré des connaissances contribuant à une description et compréhension accrues du processus réflexif des étudiants français participants. Il est possible de dégager à partir des résultats des pistes et des recommandations au regard de différents champs d’activités de l’infirmière à savoir la formation, la clinique, la gestion et la recherche. Ainsi, sont abordées dans le domaine de la formation, les connaissances identifiées légitimant la place de l’initiation à la démarche de recherche dans la formation de premier cycle et portant la focale sur la posture d’accompagnement du formateur. Ensuite, l’interdépendance entre le processus réflexif et l’approche d’une situation de soin singulière et complexe est évoquée dans le domaine de la clinique. Dans le domaine de la gestion, l’étudiante-chercheure pointe l’intérêt pour les décideurs et les cadres gestionnaires de conscientiser la plus-value du processus réflexif afin de développer une culture du processus réflexif. Enfin, le domaine de la recherche invite à l’établissement, en France, d’un champ d’investigation spécifique au développement des connaissances en formation, dans la discipline des sciences infirmières. / In France, undergraduate nursing programs have been part of a university plan since 2009 in order to harmonize with the European higher education policy. The formal education system is now built according to a competency-based approach and highlights the place of research with the introduction of a teaching unit, associated with an initiation to the research process. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the meaning of the reflective process for undergraduate nursing students in France, based on their experience of completing their final assignment project, related to the initiation to a research process. However, to date, there was no scientific study understanding the reflective process of undergraduate nursing students, in the context of research-based training, and more particularly when completing their final assignment project pertaining to an initiation to the research process. The current state of knowledge was insufficient and therefore did not allow describing the reflective process in this context. Thus, in view of this observation, a descriptive phenomenological study was undertaken, while performing qualitative interviews with 14 students of three nursing education institutes in France. The interviews were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method of analysis (1997a). The data analysis process allowed the emergence of the following five themes, illustrating the meaning of the reflective process based on the participants' experiences: 1) "Activity influenced by facilitating elements"; 2) "Approach optimized by the support and validation of the trainer"; 3) "Heuristic approach in learning"; 4) "Activity involving personal investment and time management"; and 5) "Co-Construction of professionalization". These five themes invite to the formulation of the essence of the phenomenon: the meaning of undergraduate nursing students’ reflective process corresponds in "a professionalization process characterized by socio-constructivism and carriing a personal commitment, which shapes the nursing professional ethos ". The present study provides an innovative approach to knowledge development by proposing a reflective visual representation for an undergraduate student completing the final assignment project within the program, integrating the initiation to a research process. This visual representation illustrates the richness and complexity of the essence of the reflective process, an interdependent and heterogeneous weaving of fragrances resulting from the results. In light of the findings obtained from this descriptive phenomenological study, the student-researcher identified knowledge contributing to a description and understanding of the reflective process of participating undergraduate nursing students, from France. From the results, it was possible to identify leads and recommendations with regards to the nurse's various fields of activity, namely education, clinical, management, and research. Thus, are addressed in the field of nursing education, the identified knowledge legitimizing the place of an initiation to a research process at the undergraduate level and focusing on the trainer’s posture to accompany students. Then, the interdependence between the reflective process and the approach to a singular and complex clinical situation is evoked in the clinical domain. In the field of management, the student-researcher is suggesting decision-makers and managers to be aware of the betterment of the reflective process in order to develop such a culture. Finally, the research domain invites the establishment, in France, of a field of investigation specific to the knowledge development in education for the discipline of Nursing.

No description available.

The main research question of the study was: How can spiritual intelligence (SQ) be developed in secondary school students? This was motivated out of concern for the moral degeneration that secondary school students experience in South Africa. The literature review focused on the nature of SQ and how it can foster adaptive functioning and transformation in adolescents and the complexity of Religion Education (RE) in South African secondary schools. A case was made for developing educational strategies that can develop SQ in adolescents and create educational environments that not only encourages students to engage in dialogue that involves a broader conversation about religion and spirituality, but also supports transformational learning. The empirical investigation to evaluate the approach and educational strategies that were used, implemented a qualitative case study design. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory and the social constructivist theory were used as conceptual frameworks. Purposive and convenient sampling was employed to select ten Grade 11 students in a secondary school in Gauteng that reflected the demographics of the country’s population. Qualitative data collection included reflective activities and informal conversation interviews. Field notes were kept and all observations were documented in a self-reflective journal. This was followed by a focus group session and semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that the educational strategies had the capacity to develop core traits and mental abilities of SQ, provide peak experiences and enhance virtuous behaviour in adolescents. It was concluded that education should include content around the nature of SQ in conjunction with reflective and experiential activities. SQ provided a platform for epistemic relativity. It was thus concluded that SQ can be deliberately developed in South African secondary school contexts. The recommendations focussed on the role of institutions of higher learning in sensitising stakeholders regarding the relevance of SQ in South African educational contexts; training of in-service teachers; the importance of Life Orientation (LO) as conveyer of SQ and the role of the LO teacher in cascading SQ down to school students. Finally, a SQ training workshop was proposed. The study concluded with recommendations for further research. The limitations of the study were also presented. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)