Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti pirmaklasių mitybos ypatumus ir sąsajas su šeimos socioekonomine padėtimi. Tyrimo metodika. Šis PSO kordinuojamas tyrimas yra Lietuvos vaikų augimo/nutukimo stebėsenos tyrimo dalis. Tyrimo objektas – pirmų klasių moksleiviai, atstiktinai atrinkti iš visų Utenos bei Vilniaus apskričių mokyklų, vienetu laikant klasę, kurią sudaro ne mažiau nei 17 moksleivių. Viso atrinkta 33 mokyklos. Tyrimo rezultatai lyginami tarp Vilniaus ir kitų Rytų Lietuvos miestų. Darbe naudoti tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė; anketinės vaikų tėvų (išdalinta 1268, grįžo 1107, atsako dažnis 86,1 proc.) ir mokyklų vadovų (užpildytos 33 anketos) apklausos; statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojantis statistiniu paketu SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Rezultatai. Prekybos maistu ir gėrimais automatai yra 14 proc. apklaustųjų mokyklų. Dauguma (75 proc.) mokinių valgo 4 ir daugiau kartų per dieną, 75,6 proc. kasdien pusryčiauja. Kasdien pieno produktų (jogurto, varškės, balto sūrio) vartoja daugiau nei du penktadaliai, vaisių – trečdalis, daržovių - penktadalis vaikų. Daugiau nei pusė vaikų arbatą saldina dviem šaukšteliais cukraus. Geriausiai savo vaikų sveikatą tėvai vertina Visagine bei Vilniuje, prasčiausiai – Ignalinoje bei Utenoje. Aukštajį išsilavinimą turi 1,3 karto daigiau mamų nei tėčių. Trečdalis didžiausias pajamas gaunančių tėvų gyvena Vilniuje. Mažiausiai pajamų vienam asmeniu (iki 400 litų) tenka Visagine, Utenoje bei Zarasuose gyvenantiems respondentams. Vaikai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of study. To evaluate the eating habits of first-formers and links with socioeconomic determinants of their families. Methods. This study is a fragment of the “Observation of Lithuanian children’s growth” research, taking place in Lithuania and being coordinated by World Health Organization. The research wark was performed in 33 rondomly selected schools of Utena and Vilnius districts. The unit of the measurements was a class, which was made of more than 17 of first-formers. The metods of research was: analysis, of scientific literature, the standart quescionnaire has been carried out for parents (1268 questionnaires were distributed to parents and 1107 of them were filled and returnend back. The respoce rate was 81,1 %.) and for school agents (33 questionnaire were share-out and filled at the time). SPSS 11 for Windows was used to analyse the results. Results. There are food and fluids automats in 14 % of schools. The firs-formers were having meals four times a day and more (75 proc.), the majority of them had breakfast every day. Every day dairy products (yogurt, curd, white cheese) eat 40 %, fresh fruits – 33 % and fresh vegetables 20% of first formers. The tea has often been sweeten by two spoons of sugar. Parents, who lived in Vilnius and Visaginas, rate their childrens health the best, and parents, who lived in Ignalina and Utena, rate their childrens health the worst. Mothers are more hight-educated than fathers at rate of 1,3. Parents, who gets the biggest... [to full text]

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-08T12:50:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Flores Orth.pdf: 2246948 bytes, checksum: 8066e9a1d139e4e2b3ecd4e2ff6d1e61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-08T12:50:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Flores Orth.pdf: 2246948 bytes, checksum: 8066e9a1d139e4e2b3ecd4e2ff6d1e61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-24 / Nenhuma / A análise regional dos determinantes da corrupção faz com que elementos histórico-culturais e políticos sejam mais homogêneos, tornando os fatores socioeconômicos mais importantes. Assim, esta dissertação procurou determinar e analisar os fatores socioeconômicos da corrupção em nível municipal no Brasil. Para isso, utilizaram-se dados do Programa de Fiscalização de Recursos Federais a partir de Sorteios Públicos da Controladoria Geral da União (CGU) de municípios auditados entre 2006 e 2010. Para esta análise utiliza-se a avaliação por um modelo de regressão espacial. Os resultados obtidos através do estudo apontam para uma alta dependência espacial nos dados, indicando que, neste caso, o modelo de regressão espacial é o mais correto. Além disso, as variáveis mais significativas como determinantes da corrupção foram o número de beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (utilizada como proxy para pobreza), a taxa de analfabetismo de pessoas entre 7 e 14 anos e o valor do PIB da agricultura municipal, que apresentaram correlação positiva com o nível de irregularidades. Ainda, outras duas variáveis socioeconômicas apresentaram significância estatística em pelo menos um dos modelos testados, as despesas de investimento, com correlação negativa, e a parcela de mulheres entre 10 e 14 anos que tiveram filhos, com sinal positivo. / Regional analysis of the determinants of corruption makes historical, cultural and political factors more homogeneous, making socioeconomic factors as the most important. This dissertation aimed to determine and analyze the socioeconomic factors of corruption at the municipal level in Brazil. For this, it was used data from a anti-corruption program based on the random auditing of municipal government’s expenditure, called in portuguese Programa de Fiscalização de Recursos Federais a partir de Sorteios Públicos, implemented by the Controladoria Geral da União (CGU) of municipalities audited between 2006 and 2010. For this analysis we use the evaluation by a spatial regression model. The results obtained from the study show a high spatial dependence in the data, indicating that in this case, the spatial regression model is more indicated. Moreover, the most significant variables as determinants of corruption is poverty (measured by the number of beneficiaries of the Program Bolsa Família), the illiteracy rate of people between 7 and 14 years and the value of GDP of agriculture, which correlated positively with the level of corruption. Still, two other socioeconomic variables showed statistical significance in at least one of the models tested, the investment expenditure, with negative correlation, and the share of women between 10 and 14 years who had children, with a positive sign.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-06T22:24:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WagnerFraga.pdf: 725600 bytes, checksum: babf8f01e69058beb20dced3a858e983 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T22:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WagnerFraga.pdf: 725600 bytes, checksum: babf8f01e69058beb20dced3a858e983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-20 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo do estudo é identificar os determinantes socioeconômicos relacionados às altas taxas de mortalidade por suicídio nos municípios do Brasil e, principalmente, no Rio Grande do Sul. Como metodologia, empregaram-se métodos para dados de contagem: Regressão de Poisson, Regressão Binomial Negativa e Regressão Quantílica para Dados de Contagem. Os resultados mostraram que entre os indicadores socioeconômicos desenvolvidos pela FIRJAN, apenas o IFDH Saúde demonstrou ser importante na determinação das mortes por suicídio nos municípios brasileiros. Contudo, os suicídios ocorridos nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, no período analisado, não demonstram ser influenciados pelo IFDH Saúde e Educação. Além de apresentar uma relação positiva com óbitos por violência auto infligida, a pobreza contribuiu de forma importante nos municípios com elevado número de mortes. A associação entre a taxa de desemprego e o número de mortes por suicídio mostra uma relação inversa, de maneira que se a taxa de desemprego dos municípios aumenta, a tendência é diminuir as mortes por suicídio. Mostrou-se também que um dos principais fatores que afetam o número de casos de suicídio tanto no Brasil quanto no Rio Grande do Sul é o nível de dependência agropecuária. Por fim, foi possível diagnosticar, também, que a característica cor/raça branca e indígena está entre os principais fatores determinantes das mortes por suicídio nos munícipios brasileiros. / This study aims to identify the socioeconomic factors related to high rates of suicide mortality in the cities of Brazil and, especially, in Rio Grande do Sul. The methodology employed involved methods for count data: Poisson regression, negative binomial regression, and quantile regression for count data. The results showed that among socioeconomic indicators developed by the FIRJAN, just the Health IFDH proved important in determining the suicide deaths in Brazilian cities. However, the suicides occurred in the cities of Rio Grande do Sul, in the period analyzed, not demonstrating being influenced by the Health and Education IFDH. In addition to presenting a positive relation with suicide deaths by self-inflicted violence, poverty is a major contributor in cities with high numbers of deaths. The association between the unemployment rate and the number of suicide deaths shows an inverse relationship; if the unemployment rate of cities increases, the tendency is to reduce deaths by suicide. It was also shown that one of the main factors affecting the number of suicide cases in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Sul is the level of agricultural dependence. Finally, it was possible to identify, also, that the characteristic color/ white and Indian race is among the main determinants of suicide deaths in Brazilian cities.

Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a double stranded RNA retrovirus. According to the World Health Organization more than 30 million individuals were estimated to have HIV by the end of 2020, about 60% of which are in the African region. Pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) can be defined as the resistant virus strains transmitted at the time of infection or acquired during previous exposure to ARV. This study asses the effect of drivers in PDR. Method: This study was conducted with data extracted from published, publicly available data bases and reports by international organizations. The main sources were United Nation data bases and published reports from World Health Organization.  Inferential statistics were used to assess the PDR to anti-retroviral drugs. A linear regression model was used to investigate the association between PDR and previous exposure to anti-retrovirals and anti-retroviral therapy, pre-exposure prophylaxis, national health expenditure, human development index, and drug stock-out for different classes of anti-retroviral drugs.   Results: The result indicated that NNRTI drug resistance was most common, and seven out of 29 countries had PDR to all four drug classes. The human development index was positively associated with INSTI and PI PDR (p<0.05), while NNRTI and NRTI were mainly positively associated with previous exposure to anti-retrovirals. Conclusion: This study assessed the impact of socio-economics determinants (human development index and national health expenditure), drug logistic determinants (stock-out), and patients’ determinants (adherence and previous exposure to any kind of anti-retrovirals) on PDR. For expensive drug classes (PI and INSTI) the resistance was positively associated with human development index. Previous exposure to anti-retrovirals was associated with increased resistance in NNRTI and NRTI.

Regional Differences in Healthy Life Expectancy in Czechia Abstract Over the past decade, the health status of the population has also been measured by Healthy Life Expectancy indicator. This indicator covers not only the quantitative aspect, but it takes into the account also the qualitative aspect of prolonging human life. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the differences in healthy life expectancy among the regions of Czechia, both in terms of space and time (2009-2014). The introductory part of the thesis outlines the connections of the origin of the healthy life expectancy indicator and analyses the methods of its construction. The theoretical part of the thesis also includes description of sample surveys. To calculate healthy life years, the Sullivan method is used. Data on health status were obtained from the SILC survey. According to the results of the analysis, there is considerable variability between regions in terms of healthy life expectancy. The difference is significantly higher in terms of healthy life expectancy than in the case of life expectancy. A more detailed analysis of the distribution of the healthy life expectancy values has revealed that there is a certain "paradox" of healthy life expectancy in relation to life expectancy, since there are regions where the high...

Background: Drug utilisation among the elderly is complex due to multiplemorbidities, extensive drug utilisation and an increased sensitivity to drugs. One of the most common drug groups utilised in this population is psychotropic drugs, which include antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants. In appropriat eutilisation of drugs among the elderly is an issue of great public health importance. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to assess and analyse potentially in appropriat eutilisation of psychotropic drugs among the elderly in Sweden. The specific aims are to assess to what extent the indicator “concurrent use of three or more psychotropic drugs”captures the utilisation of Potentially Inappropriate Psychotropics (PIP) among theelderly, and to analyse potentially inappropriate utilisation of psychotropic drugs inrelation to time, mental disorders, institutionalisation, and socioeconomic determinants among the elderly in Sweden. Methods: Data from individual-based registers on dispensed drugs and socioeconomic determinants in 2006, the Gothenburg 95+ Study (1996-1998), and aggregated drug sales statistics from 2000-2008 were used. The agreement between the two indicators“concurrent use of three or more psychotropic drugs” and PIP was assessed. Utilisationof psychotropic drugs and PIP was assessed in relation to mental disorders and institutionalisation among the 95-year olds, and in relation to socioeconomic determinants among individuals aged 75 years and older. Further, trends over time inutilisation of PIP and recommended drugs were analysed. Results: During 2006, about half of the elderly aged 75 years and older utilised psychotropic drugs and one fifth of all elderly utilised PIP. One fourth of individualsutilising PIP were captured by the indicator “concurrent use of three or morepsychotropic drugs”. In 1996-1998, less than one tenth of the 95-year olds with depression utilised antidepressants, while hypnotics and anxiolytics were more common. Individuals with low income and the non-married were more likely to utilise PIP compared to those with high income and the married, respectively. During 2000-2008, utilisation of PIP decreased and utilisation of recommended psychotropic drugs increased. Conclusions: There are substantial problems in the utilisation of psychotropic drugsamong the elderly. This thesis found that the agreement between two indicators of inappropriate psychotropic drug utilisation was poor, which emphasises the importance of choosing relevant indicators. The findings also show socioeconomic inequities inpsychotropic drug utilisation among the elderly, a low utilisation of antidepressants among 95-year olds diagnosed with depression, and a trend towards the utilisation of recommended rather than inappropriate psychotropic drugs among the elderly / Bakgrund: Användning av läkemedel bland äldre är komplicerat på grund avmultisjuklighet, användning av flera läkemedel och en ökad känslighet för läkemedel.En av de vanligaste läkemedelsgrupperna hos äldre är psykofarmaka, som inkluderarantipsykotika, ångestdämpande, sömnmedel och antidepressiva läkemedel. Olämpliganvändning av läkemedel bland äldre är ett betydande folkhälsoproblem. Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och analyserapotentiellt olämplig användning av psykofarmaka bland äldre i Sverige. De specifikasyftena är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning indikatorn ”samtidig användning av treeller fler psykofarmaka” fångar användningen av potentiellt olämpliga psykofarmaka(PIP) bland äldre och att analysera potentiellt olämplig användning av psykofarmaka irelation till förändring över tid, psykiatriska diagnoser, boendeform och socioekonomiska determinanter bland äldre i Sverige. Metod: Avhandlingen baseras på data från individbaserade register över läkemedelsköp och socioekonomiska determinanter under 2006, Göteborg 95+ studien (1996-1998)samt aggregerade data över läkemedelsförsäljning under 2000-2008. Överensstämmelsen mellan de två indikatorerna ”samtidig användning av tre eller flerpsykofarmaka” och PIP undersöktes. Användning av psykofarmaka och PIP studerades i relation till psykiatriska diagnoser och boendeform hos 95-åringar och i relation till socioekonomiska determinanter hos de som var 75 år och äldre. Vidare analyseradesförändring över tid i användning av PIP och rekommenderade psykofarmaka. Resultat: Hälften av alla äldre som var 75 år och äldre använde psykofarmaka under2006 och en femtedel av alla äldre använde PIP. En fjärdedel av individerna somanvände PIP fångades av indikatorn ”samtidig användning av tre eller flerpsykofarmaka”. Bland 95-åringarna med depression år 1996-1998 använde färre än enav tio antidepressiva läkemedel, medan sömnmedel och ångestdämpande läkemedel varvanligare. PIP var vanligare hos de äldre med låg inkomst och bland de som inte vargifta, jämfört med individer med hög inkomst och de gifta. Under 2000-2008 minskade användningen av PIP medan användningen av rekommenderade psykofarmaka ökade. Slutsatser: Det finns fortfarande stora problem i äldres användning av psykofarmaka.Avhandlingen visar en låg överensstämmelse mellan två indikatorer för olämpliganvändning av psykofarmaka, vilket pekar på betydelsen av att välja relevantaindikatorer. Avhandlingen visar också på socioekonomiska ojämlikheter i användningenav psykofarmaka hos äldre, en låg användning av antidepressiva läkemedel bland 95-åringar med depression och en ökning i användningen av rekommenderade istället förolämpliga psykofarmaka bland äldre

Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Tauragės miesto darželio vaikų mitybą ir jos sąsajas su tėvų socialine-ekonomine padėtimi. Tyrimo metodika. Apytikslio registravimo metodu vaikų mitybos tyrimas atliktas 2012 m. liepos 9, 11 ir 14 dienomis lopšelyje-darželyje ,,Žvaigždutė“. Tyrime dalyvavo aštuonių grupių vaikai, iš viso 124 tiriamieji (44,4 proc. berniukų ir 55,6 proc. mergaičių), kurių amžius – 3 - 6 metai. Vaikų mityba darželyje stebėta dvi darbo dienas, o vieną dieną mityba tirta namuose neanoniminiu anketiniu būdu apklausiant vaikų tėvus apie suvartotus maisto produktus ir jų kiekius. Šiame darbe analizuojami tik tų vaikų duomenys, kurie dalyvavo tyrime visas tris dienas. Atsako dažnis – 67,4 proc. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojantis SPSS 16.0 for Windows programa. Rezultatai. Išanalizavus trijų parų maisto davinio energinę vertę ir maisto medžiagų sudėtį, nustatyta, kad 1 - 3 metų amžiaus grupės vaikų vidutinė paros maisto davinio energinė vertė buvo 1587,4 kcal, o 4 - 6 metų – 1940,0 kcal. Abiejose amžiaus grupėse daugiausia energijos gauta iš angliavandenių (atitinkamai 50,1 ir 50,3 proc.). Tačiau tiriamųjų suvartota angliavandenių, skaidulinių maisto medžiagų dalis buvo nepakankama. Baltymų dalis ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų maisto davinyje – pakankama. Maisto davinyje buvo per daug riebalų, ypač sočiųjų riebalų rūgščių. 1 - 3 ir 4 - 6 metų amžiaus grupių vaikų maisto davinyje riebalai viršijo maksimalią rekomenduojamą normą atitinkamai 7,5 proc. ir 7 proc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study – to assess dietary intake of children in Taurage kindergarden and its links between parental socioeconomic status. Research methodology. An approximate recording method was used in July 9, 11, 14, 2012, to carry out dietary intake of children in a nursery-kindergarten “Žvaigždute”. Children from three groups, i. e. 124 respondents (44.4 percent of boys and 55.6 percent of girls), aged 3 - 6 years participated in the research. Dietary intake of children was observed for two days and one day it was observed at children’s homes – parents were provided with non-anonymous questionnaires which had to be filled with the data about food products and their quantities their children had that day. In this study it is analyzed the data of those children who participated in the research for all three days. Response rate – 67.4 percent. Statistical analysis of the data has been carried out using SPSS 16.0 Windows Programme. Results. Analysis of the three-day food intake energy value and nutrient composition determined that the energy value of the food ration of the group of 1 - 3 years old children was 1587,4 kcal and 1940,0 kcal of the group of 4 - 6 years old children. Both age groups got the most energy from carbohydrates (respectively 50.1 and 50.3 percent). However, part of investigated carbohydrates and fiber nutrients was insufficient. The part of proteins in pre-school children’s food ration was sufficient. Also, there was too much fat, especially saturated fatty... [to full text]

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