京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12983号 / 論工博第4130号 / 新制||工||1637(附属図書館) / 32453 / 台湾国立成功大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 鉾井 修一, 教授 原田 和典, 教授 神吉 紀世子 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

The transwall system, proposed and developed by Fuchs and McClelland, fulfills the function of a passive solar heating device as well as an architectural element the window. The significance of the transwall system, in the author's opinion, lies in its expression of technologies in an architectural way. Several directions for further development are suggested to modify the transwall system into a multifunction architectural element so as to maximize utility. These architectural uses are: (1) an adjustable thermal mass; (2) a passive cooling device; (3) an interior design element; (4) a component of a convertible greenhouse and living space; and (5) a shading device. / M. Arch.

This study presents a comparison of field measurements of energy delivered by five integral collector storage (ICS) passive solar water heater systems installed at various geographic locations in Virginia to predicted values calculated using Annual Performance Methodology (APM). APM is a prediction method developed by Alan Zollner that offers quick and easy comparisons of design option for ICS systems. Several different methods exist today that are meant to predict the performance of this type of system and that might be used as a design tool to help a designer make appropriate design decisions. Some of these methods are quite complicated and do not lend themselves to quick and easy comparisons of various design options. This study measured the amount of energy delivered by five ICS systems over a six month period. The amount of water drawn out of these systems daily was also recorded. This data was compared to predicted values calculated using APM to determine if APM could predict the performance of these systems within plus or minus 15 percent of the measured values. This study demonstrates that APM was able to predict long term performance of ICS systems within plus or minus 15 percent eighty percent of the time. Short term performance however demonstrated variation that in some cases were quite large and could not be considered reliable predictions. / M. Arch.

The nighttime losses from an integral collector storage (ICS) system were investigated. The significance of the sky temperature, wind speed, and ambient temperature on the losses were examined. Outdoor data was taken on several nights to characterize the thermal performance of an ICS system under various environmental conditions. Indoor tests were then performed under an artificial "nighttime sky" environment, with a simulated wind, in an attempt to duplicate the heat losses which occurred outdoors. The standard rating procedure which specifies the conditions for the heat loss tests for ICS systems was analyzed to see how well it characterizes the collector performance at night. Experimental results indicate a synergistic effect between the sky temperature and wind speed. The effects of wind on the losses from the ICS system overshadow the effects of small changes in sky temperature, but larger changes of sky temperature, with a constant wind speed, have a pronounced effect. It is recommended that both of these parameters be taken into account in heat loss tests in standard rating procedures. Indoor tests can duplicate outdoor heat loss results within 8 per cent. The minimum requirement for SRCC rating tests should be to monitor, record, and report the sky temperature. / M.S.

All-day experimental tests were performed to determine the thermal performance of two commercial integral storage collectors for solar domestic hot water systems. These tests were performed under a variety of ambient conditions and irradiance levels, both with and without forced circulation and noontime hot water draws. An analytical model was developed to predict the thermal performance of one of the two systems tested and predicted performance was compared with experimental results. Experimental and analytical results indicate that thermal stratification has a mininal effect on the daily collection efficiency of integral storage collector, so that a standard test similar to ASHRAE Standard 93-77 might reasonably be used to obtain the performance characteristics of the collection element of these systems. The results of an ASHRAE 93-77 type test might then be used to obtain performance ratings under ASHRAE Standard 95 procedures using an in-line heat source. The results of the present investigation may be used to validate such an ASHRAE 95 test method. / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 H6 / Master of Science

In Sweden, there are about 0.5 million single-family houses that are heated by electricity alone, and rising electricity costs force the conversion to other heating sources such as heat pumps and wood pellet heating systems. Pellet heating systems for single-family houses are currently a strongly growing market. Future lack of wood fuels is possible even in Sweden, and combining wood pellet heating with solar heating will help to save the bio-fuel resources. The objectives of this thesis are to investigate how the electrically heated single-family houses can be converted to pellet and solar heating systems, and how the annual efficiency and solar gains can be increased in such systems. The possible reduction of CO-emissions by combining pellet heating with solar heating has also been investigated. Systems with pellet stoves (both with and without a water jacket), pellet boilers and solar heating have been simulated. Different system concepts have been compared in order to investigate the most promising solutions. Modifications in system design and control strategies have been carried out in order to increase the system efficiency and the solar gains. Possibilities for increasing the solar gains have been limited to investigation of DHW-units for hot water production and the use of hot water for heating of dishwashers and washing machines via a heat exchanger instead of electricity (heat-fed appliances). Computer models of pellet stoves, boilers, DHW-units and heat-fed appliances have been developed and the parameters for the models have been identified from measurements on real components. The conformity between the models and the measurements has been checked. The systems with wood pellet stoves have been simulated in three different multi-zone buildings, simulated in detail with heat distribution through door openings between the zones. For the other simulations, either a single-zone house model or a load file has been used. Simulations were carried out for Stockholm, Sweden, but for the simulations with heat-fed machines also for Miami, USA. The foremost result of this thesis is the increased understanding of the dynamic operation of combined pellet and solar heating systems for single-family houses. The results show that electricity savings and annual system efficiency is strongly affected by the system design and the control strategy. Large reductions in pellet consumption are possible by combining pellet boilers with solar heating (a reduction larger than the solar gains if the system is properly designed). In addition, large reductions in carbon monoxide emissions are possible. To achieve these reductions it is required that the hot water production and the connection of the radiator circuit is moved to a well insulated, solar heated buffer store so that the boiler can be turned off during the periods when the solar collectors cover the heating demand. The amount of electricity replaced using systems with pellet stoves is very dependant on the house plan, the system design, if internal doors are open or closed and the comfort requirements. Proper system design and control strategies are crucial to obtain high electricity savings and high comfort with pellet stove systems. The investigated technologies for increasing the solar gains (DHW-units and heat-fed appliances) significantly increase the solar gains, but for the heat-fed appliances the market introduction is difficult due to the limited financial savings and the need for a new heat distribution system. The applications closest to market introduction could be for communal laundries and for use in sunny climates where the dominating part of the heat can be covered by solar heating. The DHW-unit is economical but competes with the internal finned-tube heat exchanger which is the totally dominating technology for hot water preparation in solar combisystems for single-family houses. / <p>QC 20100916</p>

O objetivo desta dissertação é propor diretrizes de projeto para integração do sistema de aquecimento solar (SAS) em edificações residenciais com base na abordagem do desempenho. O trabalho restringe-se ao sistema de água para abastecimento doméstico, composto por coletores planos fechados sem concentração. A investigação teórica é fundamentada na bibliografia sobre o SAS no contexto brasileiro e internacional, sendo descritas as características gerais do sistema e seus componentes. Entrevistas realizadas com profissionais atuantes na área e participações em treinamentos técnicos permitiram a coleta de dados sobre projeto, dimensionamento e instalação, além da identificação das causas do baixo rendimento e das falhas recorrentes durante o uso, operação e manutenção do SAS. São apresentados os requisitos e critérios de desempenho para o projeto do SAS com base na articulação dos conteúdos de documentos técnicos, normas, recomendações de fabricantes, profissionais projetistas e centros de pesquisa sobre o tema. Esses dados foram organizados tendo como referência de escopo da norma NBR 15.575/10, destacando os requisitos relacionados: (a) à segurança estrutural, (b) à segurança contra incêndio, (c) à segurança no uso e operação, (d) à estanqueidade, (e) ao desempenho acústico, (f) à saúde, higiene e qualidade da água, (g) à funcionalidade e acessibilidade, (h) ao conforto tátil e antropodinâmico, (i) à durabilidade e (j) à manutenibilidade. A interpretação dos requisitos e critérios de desempenho, segundo a lógica do programa de necessidades, permitiu a hierarquização das necessidades dos usuários, priorizando os atributos de projeto que contribuem para o maior rendimento do sistema e para a segurança no uso, operação e manutenção do SAS. As principais diretrizes de projeto consideram os requisitos de desempenho relacionados (a) às condicionantes locais quanto à orientação solar, latitude e sombreamento (b) ao posicionamento dos elementos e componentes construtivos; (c) ao dimensionamento e arranjos espaciais da edificação. Esta pesquisa buscou fornecer elementos técnicos para o planejamento do SAS desde as fases iniciais do projeto de modo contribuir para o melhor desempenho geral do sistema. / The objective is to propose design guidelines for integrating solar heating system (SHS) in residential buildings based on the performance approach. The work is restricted to the water system for domestic supply, composed of flat plate collectors closed without concentration. The research is based on the theoretical literature on the SHS in the Brazilian and international contexts, and describes the general characteristics of the system and presents an overview of incentive programs and quality control of SHS in Brazil. Interviews with professionals of the area and participation in technical training allowed the collection of data on design, sizing and installation, in addition to identifying the causes of low performance and recurring failures during use, operation and maintenance of SHS. The requirements and performance criteria for the design of SHS are presented, based on the articulation of the contents of technical documents, standards, recommendations of manufacturers, professional designers and research on the subject. These data were organized with reference to the scope of the NBR 15.575/10, highlighting the related requirements: (a) the structural safety, (b) fire safety, (c) the safe use and operation, (d) tightness, (e) the acoustic performance, (f) health, hygiene and water quality, (g) functionality and accessibility, (h) comfort and tactile anthropometric, (i) durability and (j) maintainability. The interpretation of the requirements and performance criteria, according to the logic of the program, allowed the hierarchy of users\' needs, prioritizing the design attributes that contribute to greater system performance and safety in the usage, operation and maintenance of SAS. The main design guidelines consider the performance requirements relating to (a) the constraints on the local solar radiation, temperature and shading, (b) the positioning of elements and building components, (c) the design and spatial arrangement of the building. This study aimed to provide technical information for planning the SHS from the early stages of the project in order to contribute to better overall system performance.

Thesis. 1976. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Rotch. / Bibliography: leaf 38. / by David R. Mayner. / M.Arch.

Orientador: Vicente Luiz Scalon / Banca: Carlos Teófilo Salinas Sedano / Banca: Santiago Del Rio Oliveira / Resumo: As discussões recentes sobre sustentabilidade tem destacado os sistemas de aquecimento solar como alternativa adequada para aquecimento de água. Estes sistemas tem ganho notoriedade tanto para uso doméstico como no aquecimento de piscinas. Um dos aspectos que é frequentemente destacado como principal dificuldade para a sua popularização, entretanto é o custo de sua implantação. Uma das formas de reduzir este custo é minimizando o número de componentes e simplificando o sistema. Nesta linha de desenvolvimento muito tem se discutido sobre o uso de sistemas integrados coletor-armazenador (ICS). Baseando-se nestas avaliações, este trabalho pretende estudar diferentes configurações geométricas de coletores solares com armazenador integrado do tipo cubóide e verificar a influência sobre o aproveitamento de energia térmica quando se utiliza diferentes dispositivos para direcionar o fluxo de água quente. A partir de simulações numérico-computacionais é possível identificar as geometrias que apresentam melhor estratificação térmica no armazenador. A estratificação da temperatura em um armazenador é um fator extremamente importante no estudo de coletores solares, pois determina a porção de temperatura mais elevada. O modelo base, validado experimentalmente na literatura, foi utilizado com condições de fluxos de calor incidente e de perda por resfriamento constantes com boa concordância de resultados. Modificações geométricas foram implementadas e avaliadas para otimizar os parâmetros de projeto deste tipo de coletores solares integrados. Outras análises alterando o volume do sistema coletor-armazenador foram realizadas: um com 200 litros de capacidade e outro com 300 litros, de maneira a estabelecer um tamanho ótimo do sistema. Para visualizar a estratificação do armazenador... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Recent discussions highlighted the sustainability of solar heating systems as an apropriate alternative for heating water. These systems has gained prominence for both household and swimming pool heating. One aspect that is often highighted as the main obstacle to its popularity is the cost of its implementation. One way to reduce this cost is to minimize the number of components and simplifying the system. In this field of development has long been discussed about the use of integrated collector-storage (ICS). Based on these evaluations, this work analyzes different geometrical configurations of integrated solar collector-storage with storage type cuboid and the influence on the use of thermal energy when you use different devices to direct the flow of hot water. From numerical-computational simulations, the geometry with better thermal stratification in the storage can be identified. the stratification of temperature in a storage is an extremely important factor in the study of solar collectors, because it determines the portion of higher temperature. The base model, experimentally validated in the literature, was used with constant conditions of incident head flux and loss for cooling. Geometric changes were implemented and evaluated to optimize the design parameters of this type of integrated solar collectors. Further analysis by changing the volume of the collector-storage system were carried out: a 200 liter capacity and another with 300 liters, in order to establish and optimum size of the system. To view the stratification of the storage, images with the temperature profile are shown at the end of the heating and cooling periods and the following graphics show the stratification coefficient. The CFD method allowed to obtain results with good agreement with those used as the basis from the literature. Results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre