No decorrer dos anos 90, a função compras nas empresas do setor automotivo passou por uma significativa transformação. A área de compras, que estava tipicamente voltada para a atividade de aquisição, passou a fazer parte de um processo complexo e integrado, envolvendo, além da área de compras, outras áreas da organização (engenharia, qualidade, finanças, logística, marketing, entre outras) que exercem papel estratégico. Vários fatores contribuíram para essa transformação, destacando-se dentre eles: a influência das práticas da produção enxuta (lean production), as novas formas de relacionamento entre as empresas na cadeia de suprimentos, a evolução dos negócios pela Internet, o surgimento de fornecedores mais especializados em função dos avanços tecnológicos e a própria competição global, provocando uma reestruturação organizacional nas empresas. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho estuda a evolução da atividade de compras levando em conta a interdependência entre as dimensões produzir, comprar e fornecer, interdependência essa que, a partir de um determinado projeto de produto, afeta a forma como a área de compras se organiza e opera na empresa e junto à cadeia de suprimentos. Conceitos como sede de projeto, sede de produção, produção modular, desverticalização produtiva, just in time, entre outros, são tratados no presente trabalho como uma espécie de pano de fundo para a nova configuração de compras, analisada em duas montadoras, localizadas no ABC Paulista, que centralizam as compras de materiais produtivos para as demais plantas localizadas no Brasil. Como contribuição científica, o presente trabalho procura mostrar a configuração de compras de empresas que adotam práticas modernas tanto na gestão de suprimentos como no relacionamento com o fornecedor, analisando a nova forma de atuação de compras, cujas atividades vão além das negociações típicas de preço e prazo e requerem o aprimoramento do perfil e das qualificações dos compradores. / During the 1990’s, sourcing in companies of the automotive sector underwent a major transformation process. The purchasing area, which until then had been typically geared to buying, became part of a complex and integrated process involving other areas besides purchasing (such as engineering, quality, finance and logistics, among others), and which have a strategic role in the organization. Several factors have contributed to this transformation, outstanding among them: the influence of lean production practices, the new types of relationships among companies in the supply chain, the e-business boom, the presence of more specialized suppliers due to technological advancements and to global competition itself. All of these aspects have caused an organizational restructuring in the companies. Ser against this scenario, this work studies the evolution of purchasing taking into account the existing interdependence at the levels of producing, buying and supplying which, based on a given product design, has affected the way purchasing is organized and how it operates within the company and in connection with the supply chain. Concepts such as design headquarters, production headquarters, modular production, production outsourcing - just in time among them - are dealt with in this work as a type of background for the new configuration of purchasing analyzed at two assemblers of the ABC district in São Paulo that centralize the purchasing of productive materials for the remaining plants located in Brazil. This study aims to make a scientific contribution by showing the purchasing configuration of companies which adopt modern practices both in supply management and in the relationship with the supplier, analyzing the new role of purchasing, whose activities go beyond the typical price and deadline negotiations, and which require the upgrade of the purchaser’s profile and qualifications.

Todo e qualquer empreendimento começa a se materializar na área suprimentos de uma empresa, sendo a principal função de esta área adquirir os materiais e serviços que compõem os empreendimentos. A gestão de suprimentos estabelecida para um determinado empreendimento pode fazer com que este tenha, ou não, um bom desempenho, bem como possibilitar que a execução seja mais eficiente e eficaz. Esta gestão, além de ser a mais adequada para a execução do empreendimento, deve também refletir a estratégia da organização, para que seja garantida a vantagem competitiva escolhida. Dada a sua importância, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar as principais diretrizes envolvidas para a implantação da gestão estratégica de suprimentos em empresas construtoras. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito dos temas: gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, gestão de suprimentos e gestão estratégica de suprimentos. Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo das características do setor da construção e de suas respectivas gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e gestão de suprimentos. Para que fossem identificadas as diretrizes, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a cerca dos processos envolvidos na gestão estratégica de suprimentos, em geral. As diretrizes foram então identificadas considerando as características do setor da construção, bem como os processos da gestão estratégica de suprimentos investigados. Ao final desta pesquisa são apresentadas as conclusões e sugestões para pesquisas futuras. Com a identificação destas diretrizes, espera-se contribuir para que a gestão de suprimentos em empresas construtoras seja tratada, cada vez mais, de forma estratégica, agregando valor ao processo construtivo e conseguindo tornar factíveis alguns conceitos da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. / All and any project starts to turn real in the purchasing department, which has the main function of supplying the projects materials and services. The supply management established for a project can determine its performance as well as make the constructions more efficient and effective. This management must even be the most appropriated to the construction; either reflects the organization strategy to ensure the chosen competitive advantage. Due to its importance, this research objective is to identify the main guidelines involved at the strategic sourcing implementation in construction companies. At first, a bibliographical research was accomplished considering the themes: supply chain management, supply management and strategic sourcing. Afterwards, it was made a study about the characteristics of the construction industry and its supply chain management and supply management. In order to identify the guidelines, it was made a bibliographic research about the strategic sourcing processes. The guidelines were identified considering the construction industry characteristics and the strategic sourcing processes searched. At the end of this research, are presented the conclusions and the suggestions to orientate further researches. By the guidelines identification, it is expected to contribute to contractors supply management to be, more than ever, administered with a strategic view, adding value to the construction process and making feasible some supply chain management constructs.

Analisamos os processos de precarização nas atividades de vigilância armada nos bancos públicos, via terceirização. Tendo como base a reestruturação produtiva, assim como o neoliberalismo, problematizamos a prática da terceirização como principal modo de ampliação da acumulação capitalista. É nesta perspectiva que ela é inserida no setor público via reforma gerencial, vindo a modificar o processo de trabalho no interior do Estado. Colocando sob a análise o trabalho terceirizado dos vigilantes nos bancos públicos, foi possível examinar as especificidades da precarização neste setor. A partir de entrevistas com esses trabalhadores, apresentamos elementos que desmistificam a inexistência de conflitos de classe, evidenciando assim, a relação antagonista entre capital e trabalho dentro dessas instituições. O estudo, desta forma, expõe as modificações promovidas pelo capital para intensificar os mecanismos de exploração. Ao final, apresentamos os impactos do processo de terceirização sobre a vida do trabalhador e identificamos que a terceirização no setor público representa a possibilidade de ampliar ainda mais a acumulação, isto é, precarizar a níveis mais altos o trabalho. Este trabalho representa uma contribuição empírica aos estudos críticos marxistas iniciados há pelo menos duas décadas, no que se refere ao mundo do trabalho e suas transformações contemporâneas. / We analyzed the instability in armed surveillance activities in public banks, through outsourcing. Based on productive restructuring, as well as neoliberalism, problematize the practice of outsourcing as the main mode of expansion of capitalist accumulation. From this perspective, it is inserted through the public sector management of the reform’s public sector been changing the work process within the state. Putting on the analysis of the work outsourced vigilant in public banks, it was possible to examine the specifics of precarious process. From interviews with these workers, introduce elements that demystify the absence of class conflict, thus evidencing the antagonistic relationship between capital and labor within these institutions. The study thus exposes the modifications promoted by capital to strengthen the mechanisms of exploitation. Finally, we present the impact of business process outsourcing on the lives of workers and identified that outsourcing in the public sector is able to further extend the accumulation, in other words, the highest levels precarious work. This work represents an empirical contribution to Marxist critics started studies for at least two decades, with regard to the working world and its contemporary transformations.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como proposta analisar as contribuições que os ERP\'s promovem no suporte às atividades gerenciais de uma área de compras em uma empresa de manufatura. Para alcançar este resultado o trabalho foi dividido em duas fases, sendo uma análise conceitual, onde o pesquisador estuda o modelo de referência para os processos de compras adotados em empresas proposto pela APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society), comparando com relação ao modelo de referência do software de gestão empresarial (ERP) selecionado para a pesquisa. Nesta análise, são identificados os pontos de aderência e onde o ERP não cobre as atividades de compras (gerenciais). O resultado da análise conceitual é uma matriz (Matriz - Análise de Aderência - Análise das Atividades do Modelo de Referência - APICS versus Funcionalidades do sistema) e uma análise descritiva sobre a aplicabilidade das funcionalidades do sistema nos sub-processos do modelo de referência. Com a análise conceitual, parte-se então para uma análise prática, aonde através da aplicação de um estudo de caso é feita uma análise de como as empresas de manufatura estão utilizando os ERP\'s como suporte às atividades gerenciais relacionadas aos processos de compras. Na análise prática é feita uma análise descritiva sobre a aplicabilidade das funcionalidades do sistema nos sub-processos de compras da empresa. O resultado alcançado deste presente trabalho é uma análise detalhada das contribuições que os ERP\'s podem oferecer no suporte às atividades gerenciais nos processos de compras. / This research has a proposal to analyze the contributions that the ERP\'s promote in the support to the management activities of an purchasing organization in a manufacture company. To reach this result the work was divided in two phases, having been a conceptual analysis, where the researcher studies the reference model for the procurement process adopted in companies considered by the APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society), comparing with relation with the reference model of the software of enterprise management (ERP) chosen for the research. In this analysis, the tack points are identified and where the ERP has not covered the activities of procurement (Management activities). The result of the conceptual analysis is a matrix (Matrix - Analysis of Tack - Analysis of the Activities of the Reference Model - APICS versus Functionalities of the System) and a descriptive analysis on the applicability of the functionalities of the system in the sub-processes of the reference model. With the conceptual analysis, it has been broken then for a practical analysis, where through the application of a case study is made an analysis of as the manufacture companies are using the ERP\'s as it has supported to the related management activities to the procurement processes. In the practical analysis a descriptive analysis on the applicability of the functionalities of the system in the sub-processes of procurement of the company is made. Thereached result of this research is a detailed analysis of the contributions that the ERPs can offer in the support to the management activities in the processes of procurement.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-26T17:11:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Moema Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1170739 bytes, checksum: 2f1528e1a76248f84858fc38f454dfd8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T17:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moema Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1170739 bytes, checksum: 2f1528e1a76248f84858fc38f454dfd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Nenhuma / Companies are moving abroad to look for advantages in alternative sources of supply. Primarily associated with the lack of local suppliers or lower acquisition costs, these reactions have driven business to a more proactive perspective by the adoption of Strategic Global Sourcing (GS). GS is conceptualized as the company's strategic direction for the search and monitoring of global supply markets and their efficient management through the integration and coordination of activities related to the functional areas of business, as well as the units of local purchases of a set of related companies. Companies from emerging countries are developing their own GS, in the same manner as companies from developed countries. Most GS literature considers emerging companies the emerging companies to be the suppliers, not the buyers. These "late movers" have more strategic motivation, as well as goals, to internationalize their activities. In this study, we investigated emerging Brazilian companies in the electrical and electronic industries from the state of Rio Grande do Sul as buyers in the global market. The initial step was a literature review, followed by the development of a theoretical framework. The framework was applied to a case study. Six companies from the selected industry sector were investigated. Four were classified as adopting GS. The main motivations that led these companies to adopt GS were identified as faster access to new technologies, the establishment of presence in global markets and the motivation to become a global player. The cultural differences were identified as the main difficulty. A set of differences between these companies and the adoption of GS from traditional MNCs in terms of the structure and process were also identified with special consideration given to the use of IPOs in earlier stages of internationalization sourcing. It was possible to confirm that the adoption of GS is a competitive advantage for these companies.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / This research presents an investigation about the decision-making process regarding Make or Buy, trying to understand which variables most influence this decision to insource some activities, to outsource others, or to better estimate a percentage to combine both. The dependent variable on our research is the behavioral decision-making process, measuring the influence received by cost, quality, and monitoring. Trying to understand if differences between these independent variables influence how managers make their decision in the context of insource or outsource production. In order to test this model empirically, an experiment research was conducted, on the basis of eight different scenarios, which simulate a purchasing decision situation ranging the variables costs, quality, and monitoring of suppliers between High and Low, to understand the relationship of these constructs with the decision-making process of Brazilian managers. It was performed with a sample of 211 students from the Production Engineer course at Universidade do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos). The data was analyzed using statistical technique ANOVA. The results demonstrate that managers consider cost variation to decide about how much to internalize and how much to outsource. They change their choices when quality is higher in their suppliers than inside the company. They also evaluate manager capability to control costs over their suppliers and on their process inside the company. However, they do not change their sourcing decision due to supplier’s monitoring variation, neither when quality monitoring is considered. This issue was already addressed in Hall’s study (2012) conducted in the United States. Thus, we decided to replicate his in Brazil in order to check if in a different environment, with other economic, politic, social, and regulatory situation, the manager will change their decisions. Nevertheless, after comparing both studies, we realize that the same hypothesis was supported in both studies, what means that even in another context the same variables are considered to base managers sourcing decision.

The lifecycle of fashion products get shorter and shorter. Companies in the fashion business needto make sure that they can offer their customers the right products, in the right quantity at theexact right time. The competition on the fashion market today is tough and if companies aregoing to be successful they need to have access to the most reliable suppliers, and also offer theircustomers products with high quality to attractive prices. It is therefore of highest importance toevaluate and choose the right sourcing strategy. Product category and type of organisation aresome of the factors that will determine which strategy that is most appropriate. The purpose withthis study is to investigate the possibilities for Swedish fashion brands to source from thePortuguese and the Chinese supplier markets. Based on selected theories and empirics we havedetermined the advantages and disadvantages for a Swedish company with small quantities andfocus on design on both markets. Since we had the opportunity to visit a Portuguese sourcingcompany the main focus will be on Portugal in this study.We have used a hermeneutic perspective in our study and have alternated between theory andempirics. We have been working close to our objects of the study and tried to put our results intoa bigger perspective to be able to get a greater understanding for the subject. Our empirics arebased on the interviews we made at the Portuguese sourcing company and at their sister companyin Gothenburg. The theory and empirical materials have been analysed and our conclusions arebased on these results.Our conclusion is that both the Portuguese and Chinese supplier market can be a good alternativefor Swedish fashion brands with small quantities and focus on design. Both markets havedifferent advantages and disadvantages regarding supplier performance such as price, quality,flexibility and lead times. We think that the selection of supplier market should be based uponorganizational and product issues like volume and the importance of design. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

Global sourcing strategies are becoming important with respect to more globalized world and changing global market. Nowadays, profitability is more complex subject for companies. Moreover, if we come through the airline companies, it will be more confused issue to achieve. Customers are getting knowledge about pricing strategies of different types of aviation industry and this makes customer segmentation more important.Coping with that challenging business requires strong skills on sourcing strategies in human resources, airport and aircraft choices. Hence one of the biggest airline companies was chosen as a case company to observe these strategies.Increasing of flights for all over the world causes more polluted environment. Hence, airline companies need to be more responsible for environmental issues. Sustainability in that business is motivated by customer and related policies. Chosen case company was also reviewed with respect to its corporate social responsibility.According to this thesis a lot of work can be done in order to a get a brief idea for the global sourcing strategies and corporate social responsibility. Authors were discussed that subject and observed its applications in a world-wide airline company. It can be supposed as a well-prepared study with literature review and related reflections.

The concept of coopetition was introduced by Brandenburger and Nalebu in 1996 and is defined as a combination of cooperation and competition between multiple organisations. Since then, the number of articles on coopetition has constantly increased. As part of this process, the literature introduced the paradigm of forced coopetition. This recently developed paradigm describes a situation in which a client organisation forces multiple external suppliers to cooperate, even though the suppliers are competitors on an inter-organisational level. Hence, forced coopetition is an integral part of IT multi-sourcing projects with multiple IT supplier organisations. This research project focuses on an evaluation of factors that influence the success of forced coopetition relations in IT multi-sourcing projects. Due to the simultaneous coexistence of cooperation and competition, the client organisation experiencestensions, which may cause the multi-sourcing project to fail. As a result, the awareness of factors that are critical for the success of such relationships is crucial for a client organisation. This is particularly important because supplier organisationsplay an increasing role in the success of the client organisation. Despite the increased importance of coopetition management, only a limited body of research has examined which factors and control mechanisms have an impact on successful forced coopetition relations. This research project is first attempt to bridge this research gap. The study applied an explanatory sequential mixed method design, with priority placed on quantitative methods. First, the study conducts a quantitative survey to identify the critical success factors of a forced coopetition relation in IT a multi-sourcing project. Finally, explanatory semi-structured interviews are conducted within the study to discuss the quantitative findings in more detail while integrating the literature. Ultimately the study identified a set of factors which are considered as critical for forced coopetition relations. The study makes two main contributions. First, the study provides a framework of critical success factors in forced coopetition relations. Second, it offers guidance to managers of IT multi-sourcing projects as to which factors needs to be taken into account in order to successfully manage IT multi-sourcing projects with competingsuppliers.

Les études de provenance sur l’obsidienne se développent depuis 1964 quand ont été publiés les premiers travaux de Renfrew et Cann. Ces deux chercheurs ont démontré que chaque complexe volcanique possède une signature chimique propre permettant l’attribution d’artefacts archéologiques en obsidienne à un complexe volcanique présentant la même signature. Cette attribution fondée sur la géochimie permet d’envisager des routes de diffusion de l’obsidienne soulignant les contacts et les déplacements de populations préhistoriques. De nombreux sites archéologiques situés au Proche-Orient comportent en effet des assemblages lithiques présentant des artefacts en obsidienne. La synthèse dirigée par Cauvin et al., en 1998 suggère, pour le Proche-Orient, deux grandes régions d’approvisionnement en obsidienne : l’Anatolie centrale et l’Anatolie orientale. Or, pour des raisons liées à l’histoire intérieure de la Turquie dans les années 1980-1990, peu de données de terrain ont pu être rassemblées sur les sources d’Anatolie orientale jusqu’à ces toutes dernières années. Pourtant, les comparaisons entre affleurements repérés et prélevés avant les années 1980 montrent déjà clairement l’importance de la région pour les études de provenance d’artefacts collectés lors de fouilles de sites archéologiques en Anatolie orientale (ex : Çayönü, Körtik Tepe etc.), en Syrie (Tell Brak, Tell Zeidan, Khazna) et en Irak (Tell Arpachiyah, Tell Hamoukar, Um Dabaghiyah). Cette thèse, réalisée dans le cadre de l’ANR GeObs dirigée par D. Mouralis (Univ. Rouen, IDEES) en association avec C. Kuzucuoğlu (Univ. Paris 1, LGP) et L. Astruc (Univ. Paris 1, ArScan) et E. Akköprü (Univ. Van, Turquie), se concentre sur quatre régions volcaniques d’Anatolie orientale : le Meydan-Gürgürbaba, le Nemrut, et les massifs de dômes de Solhan et Alatepe. Ce travail de recherche a exploré : 1) l’identification et la caractérisation de plusieurs gisements (= « sources ») d’obsidienne, dont certains inconnus jusque-là ; 2) la discrimination de ces affleurements en fonction de leurs caractéristiques physiques et chimiques ; 3) la reconstitution de leur mode de mise en place lorsque cela a été rendu possible. Notre travail, basé sur l’importance incontournable de la connaissance experte du terrain, constitue une méthode novatrice dans les études de provenance. / Obsidian sourcing began in 1964 with studies by Renfrew and Cann. These authors demonstrated that one given volcano there is only one chemical signature. Based on this principle, it is possible to attribute one archaeological artefact to one volcano. This attribution allows then to develop studies on the contacts/exchanges/movements between prehistorical populations which are a key to understand past socio-cultural contexts from the Paleolithic to the Chalcolithic. Lithic assemblages in archaeological sites in the Near East contain indeed obsidian artefacts. As there is no volcano emplaced south of the Eastern Anatolian highlands, the nearest volcanic areas with obsidian outcrops that would attract near-eastern populations are located in Central and Eastern Anatolia (Cauvin et al., 1998). Taking advantage of the opening of Eastern Anatolia to field researches after 2000, and aiming at collecting scientific field data about obsidian sources in that region (especially on the volcano/outcrop scales geological and geomorphological contexts), the GéObs Project has obtained a 3 to 4 years ANR support for the study of the volcanic regions of Eastern Anatolia. Among these regions, four are concerned by our study: the Meydan-Gürgürbaba, Nemrut, Solhan and Alatepe regions. The ANR project GéObs, led by D. Mouralis (Rouen Univ./IDEES), associated with C. Kuzucuoglu (Paris 1 Univ./LGP) and L. Astruc (Paris 1 Univ./ArScan) enhances: 1) the identification of obsidian outcrops (some of which had not yet been identified), 2) the discrimination of these outcrops according to their characteristics (accessibility and types), 3) the characterization of obsidian glass (micro facies; geochemistry; mineralogy), and consecutive reconstruction of their emplacement modes. This research, based on the necessary completeness of data collection in the field, demonstrates the importance of such a new approach in the domain of “obsidian sourcing” researches.