Huzuni is a composition for a sinfonietta ensemble comprised of flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, horn, trumpet, trombone, two percussion instruments, piano, violin, viola, violoncello, double bass. The inspiration for it began when I was told that my music was too guarded and that a greater degree of emotion was needed. Such a critical response led me to reflect on compositional techniques, styles, and approaches that were outside of my comfort zone, all of which became the inspiration for this work. Huzuni, Swahili for grief, , is a thirteen-minute single movement work in three sections that reflects the raw emotions in dealing with grief. The form of the composition exposes the five stages of grief-denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance- first introduced in 1969 by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross who founded the Kübler-Ross Model. In Huzuni, we move through each stage slightly differently than in the grief model. The first section establishes denial that leads directly into the bargaining stage. Throughout this movement, g minor provides a sense of denial of truth, achieved in part because the traditional and expected g minor tonic-dominant-tonic progression is replaced with i-v-vi. This replacement weakens g minor and sets up different expectations for the listener. The second section begins with “depression” and transitions to “anger.” Throughout this section, dissonance is emphasized and helps to suppress a clear and perceivable tonal center. “Depression” functions as a bridge that slowly and gradually simulates a sense of despair. When juxtaposed against the first section, it shows us that consciousness can be related to tonality and unconsciousness to atonality. Although the second section might be considered the lowest emotional point of the work, I attempted to imbue it with a sense of humor that represents the working through of difficulties while never losing faith. The third and final section exposes the idea of acceptance which is achieved by a juxtaposition of sections one (g minor) and three (B major). The ascending third relationship between their two keys suggests the triumphant climb from a depressed state into a state of acceptance that is finally resolved, in the coda, in the key of E major simulating the sense of moving on. The work relies on processes drawn from electronic music in which sound masses are transformed by adding or subtracting discrete variables, or single parameters of sound and time: pitch, rhythm, and dynamics. For example, bars 111-127 contain a rhythmic figure in the piano that slows down and is transformed into a sound-mass. That sound-mass is then orchestrated throughout different instrumental groupings, creating a spatialized musical effect where the phasing of the sound mass from one instrumental group to the next changes the way the listener experiences the piece. Passing the main melody from one instrumental group to another quickly creates a three-dimensional listening space where the listener can experience a change in timbre in addition to the isolation of the harmonic series as the melody passes through each group. Throughout the compositional process I attempted to incorporate the elastic properties of time and space made possible using the tools found in 8-channel electronic music. These tools were incorporated by manipulating both chordal progressions and orchestration as illustrated in the previous paragraph. Such a musical effect spatializes sound by diffusing energy evenly throughout a performance environment. The result is an immersive listening experience, in which sound is generated from specific directions at precise times, different from the standard front and center direction we have come to expect.

Un défi de la modélisation des cultures est de comprendre et de reproduire les hétérogénéités de développement de la végétation à l'échelle du pédon afin de prédire le rendement. Le but de ce travail est de proposer une méthode de spatialisation des modèles de culture par la spatialisation des données d'entrée, notamment de la réserve utile, pour reproduire les hétérogénéités observées au sein d'un petit sous-bassin versant. Ce travail a été mené en 3 étapes : (1) calage du modèle STICS au contexte local (2) spatialisation des entrées du modèle par une méthode dérivée desapproches SCORPAN et (3) évaluation des simulations spatialisées avec STICS. Préalablement à la spatialisation des données d'entrée du modèle STICS, il était nécessaire d'identifier quels étaient les déterminants des hétérogénéités de végétation observéesau sein du sous-bassin versant expérimental étudié. Pour cela un travail préliminaire a conduit à délimiter les situations pouvant être reproduites par le modèle et les variables pouvant être spatialisées ainsi que de définir une stratégie optimale pour spatialiser les entrées. Sur cette base, une méthodologie de travail a pu être définie pour évaluer et paramétrer le modèle sans spatialisation (approche locale) dans un contexte de sols ayant des propriétés vertiques. Cette particularité des sols locaux nécessite d'établir un nouveau domaine de validité du modèle, compte tenu des hypothèses indispensables (processus considérés comme négligeables) pour simuler dans ce contexte. Par ailleurs, le protocole utilisé pour déterminer la réserve utile a nécessité d'établir la manière dont l'incertitude de la mesure se propageait dans le modèle. Ainsi, grâce à ce travail de spatialisation statistique des mesures, le modèle STICS a pu être utilisé sur des mailles de 8 x 8 m pour simuler le développement de végétation sur tout le sous-bassin versant étudié. / One of the challenges in crop modelling is to understand and be able to reproduce heterogeneities in crop development at intra-plot scale in order to better predict the yield. The aim of this work was to suggest a method for spatializing the input data of crop models, in particular the water stock accessible to plants, in order to reproduce the differences in crop development within a subwatershed. This work was carried out in 3 main steps: (1) adaptationof the STICS crop model to the local context, (2) spatialization of the inputs by the spatial correlation method (SCORPAN-like method) and (3) evaluation of the simulated spatialization with STICS model. Prior to spatialization step, it was necessary to identify the determinants of vegetation heterogeneities observed within the experimental subwatershed. A preliminary study led to delimit the situations that could be reproduced by the model and to identify variables that could be spatialized as well as to define an optimal strategy to spatialize the inputs. Based on this, a methodological work was established to evaluate and parameterize the model without spatialization (local approach) in a context of soils with vertisolic properties. Particularity of local soils properties underlined the need to define a new domain of model validity. Moreover, the protocol used to measure water holding capacity, implied a needful and important step that was to determine the propagation of measurement uncertainty in the model. Finally, thanks to statistical spatialization of measurements, STICS model was used on 8 x 8 m meshes to simulate vegetation development on the whole studied subwatershed.

Soziales Handeln – individuelles ebenso wie kollektives – findet in Raum und Zeit statt. Verräumlichung ist deshalb eine zentrale Dimension sozialen Handelns. Akteure nutzen, häufig unbewusst, einen geographischen Raum, sie beziehen sich in ihren Vorstellungen von der räumlichen Dimension ihres Handelns auf bereits verbreitete Muster zur Gestalt und strukturierenden Qualität dieses Raumes und sie reproduzieren oder schaffen mit ihrem Handeln soziale Räume. Umgekehrt kann man sagen, dass jede soziale Interaktion mindestens eine, oft aber mehrere räumliche Dimensionen hat. Um diese verschiedenen räumlichen Dimensionen, die sich mit einer einzigen sozialen Interaktion verbinden können, typologisch zu erfassen, hat der französische Soziologe und Philosoph Henri Lefebvre (1974) die eingängige Formel von den espaces perçus (den erfassbaren, materiellen und zugleich sozial produzierten Räumen, espaces conçues (die Gesamtheit der sprachlichen, visuellen und anderen Kodifizierungen, die Akteure nutzen, um Räume zu bezeichnen) und espaces vécus (den gelebten Räumen) geprägt. Unabhängig davon, ob man mit seiner Einteilung übereinstimmt, bleibt die grundsätzliche Intuition, dass die Vielfalt der räumlichen Dimensionen, die soziale Interaktionen begleiten und kennzeichnen, nicht auf eine Dimension oder auf deren vollständige Deckungsfähigkeit reduziert werden können.

With spatialized audio being tools for developers to enhance the experience  of playing a game, how does the use of spatialized audio and different types of sounds affect the imagination and the feeling of being immersed in the sound environment? In this study, the use of spatialized audio and complete darkness explores the feelings and how someone perceives the different sounds being heard. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p><p>There are other digital material (eg film, image or audio files) or models/artifacts that belongs to the thesis and need to be archived.</p>

No description available.

La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). / Cette thèse aborde l’intégration de la spatialisation en composition acousmatique et de son interprétation en concert. Ces recherches furent réalisées au cours d’une maîtrise en composition à la Faculté de musique de l’Université de Montréal. Un survol historique des compositions ayant l’espace comme paramètre principal de composition permettra de me situer dans cette pratique artistique. J’aborderai aussi les différentes propositions de spatialisation ainsi que les principaux lieux dédiés à cette activité, de ses débuts jusqu’à nos jours. Il sera également question de l’importance de l’écriture spatiale dans mon travail de création. Ensuite, je mettrai en contexte mon cheminement musical et mon intérêt constant pour la spatialisation en musique. Je démontrerai que grâce à l’accès à des technologies puissantes, simples et efficaces, nous sommes en mesure d’intégrer la spatialisation des sons en musique électroacoustique aussi bien en amont qu’en aval de la création. Plusieurs techniques et outils permettent l’écriture des sons dans l’espace. J’examinerai donc comment mon approche compositionnelle et ma méthodologie de travail les intègrent lors du processus de création. Je poursuivrai avec l’analyse des œuvres que j’ai composées durant ma maîtrise. J’exposerai les faits saillants de mes recherches. Finalement, je livrerai les réflexions qu’a suscitées mon projet de recherche. / This thesis is about the integration of spatialization in acousmatic music as well as its performance in concert. These researches were conducted during a Music Master in Composition at the Faculté de musique de l’Université de Montréal. A historical overview of compositions with spatial considerations as main musical parameter will allow to situate my work within this artistic practice. Different implementations and propositions of spatialization that have been used (as well as the principal locations dedicated to this form of activity) from the beginning to this day will be discussed. I will then put the emphasis on spatial writing in my creative works. Furthermore, I will contextualize my musical background and of my constant interest in musical spatialization. I will demonstrate that, with better access to powerful, yet simple and efficient technologies, spatialization in electroacoustic music can be integrated before and after the creative process. A wide array of techniques and tools can provide methods for spatial writing, thus I will examine how the compositional approach of my work’s methodologies incorporates these during the creative process. I will conclude with the analysis of the work composed during my MM, which will also reiterate the highlights of this research. Finally, I will give my very own reflections and observations on this project.

Esta tese relata a pesquisa em Geografia Humana pela Universidade de São Paulo, realizada a partir do envolvimento com educação escolar do Povo Xakriabá no norte de Minas Gerais. Esse povo vive em duas Terras Indígenas localizadas entre os municípios de Itacarambi e São João das Missões. O tema a ser pesquisado consistiu na importância da educação escolar indígena para manutenção, transformação e conquista do território. Para tanto busquei compreender as relações entre as unidades escolares e as transformações do território de convivência. De este modo entender as ações de espacialização e territorialização dessa etnia corroborou para compreender como resistem a globalização a partir da força do lugar em que vivem. Estudei através de observação participante, entrevistas e oficinas de audiovisuais e diálogos. As perguntas geradoras dessa reflexão foram: Quanto a Questão Indígena indicamos conceitos relacionados ao ensino de Geografia Agrária e controvérsias teóricas - metodológicas referentes ao tema. Um panorama e os limites no entendimento das ações do movimento indígena, entendido enquanto movimento socioterritorial. / This thesis presents the results of a research developed in the Geographs Department of the University of São Paulo related to the Post Graduation Program of Human Geograph. It was origined by the involvement with the schools education of Xakriabá People of the North of Minas Gerais. These people live in two Indigenous Lands situated between Itacarambi and São João das Missões towns. The researched theme was the importance of Indigenous schools education to the maintenance, transformation and conquest of the territory. With this intention, I wanted to understand the relations between schools unities and the territorys transformations where the indigenous cohabit. To this purpose, understand the acts of spatialization and territorialization of this ethnical group corroborated to understand how it resists to the globalization with the power of the place where these people live. I studied, using the active observation, interviews and workshops of videos and dialogues. Then refletion was grounded in the quest of the comprehension of the Indigenous Question related to the conceptions of the teaching of Agrarian Geograph and the theoretic and methodologic controversies linked to the theme. I indicated the possibilities and the limits of conceptions and actions of the indigenous schools movement in the social and territorial contest.

In this dissertation, using the tool of a political economy of communication analysis gives us an important way to conceptualize the challenges confronting Chinese media workers, especially editors, due to media reform and social transformation. I will accomplish this by examining three different but inter-related processes: commodification, structuration, and spatialization. First, I will analyze the ways in which the deepening of the media commodification process has forced Chinese media workers to serve the political interests of the state, and at the same time, to generate profit for their companies and promote political and social reforms. Second, I will explore the structuration process by analyzing how fundamental social, technological, political, and economic changes—especially those in class relations and power dynamics—have produced five critical problems for the Chinese media workers. Third, I will explore the media spatialization process by addressing its three indispensable components: globalization, neoliberalism, and the global division of labour. When China is increasingly integrated into the global political economy, most Chinese media workers have faced great changes in their value systems and their daily work processes. As a result, the privileged existence of workers as the “masters” of the Communist society has been transformed in many ways (Rocca 2003). In the last chapter, I will suggest plausible solutions to the problems of Chinese media workers, addressing the benefits of labour convergence, the basic functions and major limitations of worker organizations and trade unions, and how they can further help Chinese media workers better deal with the challenges associated with current media reform when labour unrest is on the rise. To conclude, this dissertation concentrates on the trajectories of the labour process transformation of Chinese media workers; their changing social, economic, and political roles; and their dilemma, challenges, and opportunities associated with current social reform and China’s more integration into the global political economy. Through the political economic analysis of Chinese media workers, I aim to better understand the broader social and economic transformations, particularly the network of power relations and institutional contexts in which Chinese media workers are situated, that have been taking place in China since the late 1970s. / Thesis (Ph.D, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2012-06-18 17:01:26.92

The survey of environmental risks to worker health from their respective workplaces constitutes as essential tools in a qualitative way, to produce maps of environmental risks. Thus, recognition of potential hazards in the workplace and the possibility of intervention, reduction or elimination of these constitute the major concern of security professionals, and occupational medicine. Therefore, the use of georeferenced information systems manifests itself as a valuable tool in analyzing the data on the health of workers and their working environment. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to implement a Georeferenced Information System as the basis for preparation of risk maps of the work environment at the campus of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Therefore, the methodology uses satellite images and geographical information system, surveys of environmental hazards and Prevention Programs of Environmental Risks - PPRA's made between the period 2006 to 2010. Thus, the availability of new resources used for health and safety of workers can contribute to the success of surveillance activities and environments to promote health at work. / O levantamento de riscos ambientais à saúde do trabalhador junto aos seus respectivos ambientes de trabalho se constitui como ferramenta inicial, de forma qualitativa, para a elaboração de mapas de riscos ambientais. Assim, o reconhecimento dos riscos existentes nos locais de trabalho e a possibilidade de intervenção, redução ou eliminação dos mesmos se constituem na maior preocupação dos profissionais de segurança e medicina do trabalho. Portanto, o uso de sistemas de informações georreferenciadas manifesta-se como uma ferramenta de grande valia na análise dos dados sobre a saúde do trabalhador e de seu ambiente de trabalho. Logo, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é implementar um Sistema de Informações Georreferenciadas como base para elaboração de mapas de riscos dos ambientes de trabalho do campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Assim sendo, a metodologia utiliza imagens de satélites e sistema de informações geográficas, levantamentos de riscos ambientais e Programas de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais PPRA s, realizados entre o período de 2006 a 2010. Deste modo, a disponibilidade de novos recursos utilizados em prol da saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores pode contribuir para o sucesso de ações de vigilância aos ambientes e promoção de saúde no trabalho.

Esta tese relata a pesquisa em Geografia Humana pela Universidade de São Paulo, realizada a partir do envolvimento com educação escolar do Povo Xakriabá no norte de Minas Gerais. Esse povo vive em duas Terras Indígenas localizadas entre os municípios de Itacarambi e São João das Missões. O tema a ser pesquisado consistiu na importância da educação escolar indígena para manutenção, transformação e conquista do território. Para tanto busquei compreender as relações entre as unidades escolares e as transformações do território de convivência. De este modo entender as ações de espacialização e territorialização dessa etnia corroborou para compreender como resistem a globalização a partir da força do lugar em que vivem. Estudei através de observação participante, entrevistas e oficinas de audiovisuais e diálogos. As perguntas geradoras dessa reflexão foram: Quanto a Questão Indígena indicamos conceitos relacionados ao ensino de Geografia Agrária e controvérsias teóricas - metodológicas referentes ao tema. Um panorama e os limites no entendimento das ações do movimento indígena, entendido enquanto movimento socioterritorial. / This thesis presents the results of a research developed in the Geographs Department of the University of São Paulo related to the Post Graduation Program of Human Geograph. It was origined by the involvement with the schools education of Xakriabá People of the North of Minas Gerais. These people live in two Indigenous Lands situated between Itacarambi and São João das Missões towns. The researched theme was the importance of Indigenous schools education to the maintenance, transformation and conquest of the territory. With this intention, I wanted to understand the relations between schools unities and the territorys transformations where the indigenous cohabit. To this purpose, understand the acts of spatialization and territorialization of this ethnical group corroborated to understand how it resists to the globalization with the power of the place where these people live. I studied, using the active observation, interviews and workshops of videos and dialogues. Then refletion was grounded in the quest of the comprehension of the Indigenous Question related to the conceptions of the teaching of Agrarian Geograph and the theoretic and methodologic controversies linked to the theme. I indicated the possibilities and the limits of conceptions and actions of the indigenous schools movement in the social and territorial contest.