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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Characterization of information and causality measures for the study of neuronal data

Chicharro Raventós, Daniel 07 April 2011 (has links)
We study two methods of data analysis which are common tools for the analysis of neuronal data. In particular, we examine how causal interactions between brain regions can be investigated using time series reflecting the neural activity in these regions. Furthermore, we analyze a method used to study the neural code that evaluates the discrimination of the responses of single neurons elicited by different stimuli. This discrimination analysis is based on the quantification of the similarity of the spike trains with time scale parametric spike train distances. In each case we describe the methods used for the analysis of the neuronal data and we characterize their specificity using simulated or exemplary experimental data. Taking into account our results, we comment the previous studies in which the methods have been applied. In particular, we focus on the interpretation of the statistical measures in terms of underlying neuronal causal connectivity and properties of the neural code, respectively. / Estudiem dos mètodes d'anàlisi de dades que són eines habituals per a l'anàlisi de dades neuronals. Concretament, examinem la manera en què les interaccions causals entre regions del cervell poden ser investigades a partir de sèries temporals que reflecteixen l'activitat neuronal d'aquestes regions. A més a més, analitzem un mètode emprat per estudiar el codi neuronal que avalua la discriminació de les respostes de neurones individuals provocades per diferents estímuls. Aquesta anàlisi de la discriminació es basa en la quantificació de la similitud de les seqüències de potencials d'acció amb distàncies amb un paràmetre d'escala temporal. Tenint en compte els nostres resultats, comentem els estudis previs en els quals aquests mètodes han estat aplicats. Concretament, ens centrem en la interpretació de les mesures estadístiques en termes de connectivitat causal neuronal subjacent i propietats del codi neuronal, respectivament.
12

Visualisation Studio for the analysis of massive datasets

Tucker, Roy Colin January 2016 (has links)
This thesis describes the research underpinning and the development of a cross platform application for the analysis of simultaneously recorded multi-dimensional spike trains. These spike trains are believed to carry the neural code that encodes information in a biological brain. A number of statistical methods already exist to analyse the temporal relationships between the spike trains. Historically, hundreds of spike trains have been simultaneously recorded, however as a result of technological advances recording capability has increased. The analysis of thousands of simultaneously recorded spike trains is now a requirement. Effective analysis of large data sets requires software tools that fully exploit the capabilities of modern research computers and effectively manage and present large quantities of data. To be effective such software tools must; be targeted at the field under study, be engineered to exploit the full compute power of research computers and prevent information overload of the researcher despite presenting a large and complex data set. The Visualisation Studio application produced in this thesis brings together the fields of neuroscience, software engineering and information visualisation to produce a software tool that meets these criteria. A visual programming language for neuroscience is produced that allows for extensive pre-processing of spike train data prior to visualisation. The computational challenges of analysing thousands of spike trains are addressed using parallel processing to fully exploit the modern researcher’s computer hardware. In the case of the computationally intensive pairwise cross-correlation analysis the option to use a high performance compute cluster (HPC) is seamlessly provided. Finally the principles of information visualisation are applied to key visualisations in neuroscience so that the researcher can effectively manage and visually explore the resulting data sets. The final visualisations can typically represent data sets 10 times larger than previously while remaining highly interactive.
13

Measurement of timescales of cortical neuronal activity in behaving mice / Mätning av tidsskalor för kortikal neuronal aktivitet hos beteende möss

Lekic, Sasa January 2021 (has links)
Electrical activity is omnipresent throughout the brain, and it varies dependant on the brain region. Areal hierarchy has been suggested to be one of the main principles of the organization of the brain, but there is not a lot of evidence available related to the specialization of the brain’s regions in the temporal domain, that is, how the activity evolves over time. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between spatial location and timescale [1] and that the timescales of neuronal activity in rodents change according to the hierarchical position (derived from anatomical connectivity measurements) of the brain region [2]. Timescale is related to to the capability of a neuron to maintain the same firing rate over a time period. This firing rate can be measured as decay time constant of an auto-correlation matrix of spiking activity, referred to as the timescale of a single neuron [3]. In this thesis, timescales of spontaneous brain activity were measured in eight regions of the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC) (data obtained in the Carlén Laboratory) and compared to the timescales of eight visual areas (Neuropixels Visual Coding dataset, Allen Institute for Brain Science) [4]. The results showed that cortical regions hold varying timescales, but that there is no clear correspondence of the timescales of spontaneous activity to the anatomical hierarchies. Instead, we show that the PFC regions have a greater variability in their respective timescales compared to visual cortical regions. The analysis was done using two different approaches, where for some regions the measured timescales significantly differs, due to the difference in the use of the magnitudes of the correlation. This work highlights how neuronal timescales measurements can be approached in cortical regions and used for the future work investigating their functional role and the mechanisms of generation of distinct neuronal timescales in the brain. / Elektrisk aktivitet är allestädes närvarande i hela hjärnan, och den varierar beroende på hjärnregionen. Arealhierarki har föreslagits vara en av huvudprinciperna för hjärnans organisation, men det finns inte mycket bevis tillgängligt relaterat till specialiseringen av hjärnans regioner i den temporala domänen, det vill säga hur aktiviteten utvecklas över tiden . Det har föreslagits att det finns ett samband mellan rumslig plats och tidsskala [1] och att tidsskalorna för neuronal aktivitet hos gnagare ändras beroende på den hierarkiska positionen (härledd från anatomiska anslutningsmätningar) i hjärnregionen [2]. Tidsskala är relaterat till förmågan hos ett neuron att bibehålla samma fyrningshastighet under en tidsperiod. Denna avfyrningshastighet kan mätas som fallstidskonstant för en autokorrelationsmatris av spikaktivitet, kallad tidsskalan för en enda neuron [3]. I denna avhandling mättes tidsskalor för spontan hjärnaktivitet i åtta regioner i musens prefrontala kortex (PFC) (data erhållen av Carlén Laboratory) och jämfört med tidsskalorna för åtta visuella områden (Neuropixels Visual Coding dataset, Allen Institute for Brain Science) [4]. Resultaten visade att kortikala regioner har olika tidsskalor, men att det inte finns någon tydlig överensstämmelse mellan tidsskalorna för spontan aktivitet med de anatomiska hierarkierna. Istället visar vi att PFC-regionerna har större variation i sina respektive tidsskalor jämfört med visuella kortikala regioner. Analysen gjordes med hjälp av två olika tillvägagångssätt, där de uppmätta tidsskalorna för vissa regioner skiljer sig avsevärt på grund av skillnaden i användning av storleken på korrelationen. Detta arbete belyser hur neuronala tidsskalemätningar kan beaktas i kortikala regioner och användas för det framtida arbetet med att undersöka deras funktionella roll och mekanismerna för generering av distinkta neuronala tidsskalor i hjärnan.
14

Noise in adaptive excitable systems and small neural networks

Kromer, Justus Alfred 11 January 2017 (has links)
Neuronen sind erregbare Systeme. Ihre Antwort auf Anregungen oberhalb eines bestimmten Schwellwertes sind Pulse. Häufig wird die Pulserzeugung von verschiedenen Rückkopplungsmechanismen beeinflusst, die auf langsamen Zeitskalen agieren. Das kann zu Phänomenen wie Feuerraten-Adaptation, umgekehrter Feuerraten-Adaptation oder zum Feuern von Pulsen in Salven führen. Weiterhin sind Neuronen verschiedenen Rauschquellen ausgesetzt und wechselwirken mit anderen Neuronen, in neuronalen Netzen. Doch wie beeinflusst das Zusammenspiel von Rückkopplungsmechanismen, Rauschen und der Wechselwirkung mit anderen Neuronen die Pulserzeugung? Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie die Pulserzeugung in rauschgetriebenen erregbaren Systemen von langsamen Rückkopplungsmechanismen und der Wechselwirkung mit anderen erregbaren Systemen beeinflusst wird. Dabei wird die Pulserzeugung in drei Szenarien betrachtet: (i) in einem einzelnen erregbaren System, das um einen langsamen Rückkopplungsmechanismus erweitert wurde, (ii) in gekoppelten erregbaren Systemen und (iii) in stark gekoppelten salvenfeuernden Neuronen. In jedem dieser Szenarien wird die Pulsstatistik mit Hilfe von analytischen Methoden und Computersimulationen untersucht. Das wichtigste Resultat im ersten Szenario ist, dass das Zusammenspiel von einer stark anregenden Rückkopplung und Rauschen zu rauschkontrollierter Bistabilität führt. Das erlaubt es dem System zwischen verschiedenen Modi der Pulserzeugung zu wechseln. In (ii) wird die Pulserzeugung stark von der Wahl der Kopplungsstärken und der Anzahl der Verbindungen beeinflusst. Analytische Näherungen werden abgeleitet, die einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der Verbindungen und der Pulsrate, sowie der Pulszugvariabilität herstellen. In (iii) wird festgestellt, dass eine hemmende Rückkopplung zu sehr unregelmäßigem Verhalten der isolierten Neuronen führt, wohingegen eine starke Kopplung mit dem Netzwerk ein regelmäßigeres Feuern von Salven hervorruft. / Neurons are excitable systems. Their responses to excitations above a certain threshold are spikes. Usually, spike generation is shaped by several feedback mechanisms that can act on slow time scales. These can lead to phenomena such as spike-frequency adaptation, reverse spike-frequency adaptation, or bursting. In addition to these, neurons are subject to several sources of noise and interact with other neurons, in the connected complexity of a neural network. Yet how does the interplay of feedback mechanisms, noise as well as interaction with other neurons affect spike generation? This thesis examines how spike generation in noise-driven excitable systems is influenced by slow feedback processes and coupling to other excitable systems. To this end, spike generation in three setups is considered: (i) in a single excitable system, which is complemented by a slow feedback mechanism, (ii) in a set of coupled excitable systems, and (iii) in a set of strongly-coupled bursting neurons. In each of these setups, the statistics of spiking is investigated by a combination of analytical methods and computer simulations. The main result of the first setup is that the interplay of strong positive (excitatory) feedback and noise leads to noise-controlled bistability. It enables excitable systems to switch between different modes of spike generation. In (ii), spike generation is strongly affected by the choice of the coupling strengths and the number of connections. Analytical approximations are derived that relate the number of connections to the firing rate and the spike train variability. In (iii), it is found that negative (inhibitory) feedback causes very irregular behavior of the isolated bursters, while strong coupling to the network regularizes the bursting.
15

Theoretical mechanisms of information filtering in stochastic single neuron models

Blankenburg, Sven 16 August 2016 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Mechanismen, die in Einzelzellmodellen zu einer frequenzabhängigen Informationsübertragung führen können. Um dies zu untersuchen, werden Methoden aus der theoretischen Physik (Statistische Physik) und der Informationstheorie angewandt. Die Informationsfilterung in mehreren stochastischen Neuronmodellen, in denen unterschiedliche Mechanismen zur Informationsfilterung führen können, werden numerisch und, falls möglich, analytisch untersucht. Die Bandbreite der betrachteten Modelle erstreckt sich von reduzierten strombasierten ’Integrate-and-Fire’ (IF) Modellen bis zu biophysikalisch realistischeren leitfähigkeitsbasierten Modellen. Anhand numerischer Untersuchungen wird aufgezeigt, dass viele Varianten der IF-Neuronenmodelle vorzugsweise Information über langsame Anteile eines zeitabhängigen Eingangssignals übertragen. Der einfachste Vertreter der oben genannten Klasse der IF-Neuronmodelle wird dahingehend erweitert, dass ein Konzept von neuronalem ’Gedächtnis’, vermittelst positiver Korrelationen zwischen benachbarten Intervallen aufeinander- folgender Spikes, integriert wird. Dieses Model erlaubt eine analytische störungstheoretische Untersuchung der Auswirkungen positiver Korrelationen auf die Informationsfilterung. Um zu untersuchen, wie sich sogenannte ’unterschwelligen Resonanzen’ auf die Signalübertragung auswirken, werden Neuronenmodelle mit verschiedenen Nichtlinearitäten anhand numerischer Computersimulationen analysiert. Abschließend wird die Signalübertragung in einem neuronalen Kaskadensystem, bestehend aus linearen und nichtlinearen Elementen, betrachtet. Neuronale Nichtlinearitäten bewirken eine gegenläufige Abhängigkeit (engl. "trade-off") zwischen qualitativer, d.h. frequenzselektiver, und quantitativer Informations-übertragung, welche in allen von mir untersuchten Modellen diskutiert wird. Diese Arbeit hebt die Gewichtigkeit von Nichtlinearitäten in der neuronalen Informationsfilterung hervor. / Neurons transmit information about time-dependent input signals via highly non-linear responses, so-called action potentials or spikes. This type of information transmission can be frequency-dependent and allows for preferences for certain stimulus components. A single neuron can transmit either slow components (low pass filter), fast components (high pass filter), or intermediate components (band pass filter) of a time-dependent input signal. Using methods developed in theoretical physics (statistical physics) within the framework of information theory, in this thesis, cell-intrinsic mechanisms are being investigated that can lead to frequency selectivity on the level of information transmission. Various stochastic single neuron models are examined numerically and, if tractable analytically. Ranging from simple spiking models to complex conductance-based models with and without nonlinearities, these models include integrator as well as resonator dynamics. First, spectral information filtering characteristics of different types of stochastic current-based integrator neuron models are being studied. Subsequently, the simple deterministic PIF model is being extended with a stochastic spiking rule, leading to positive correlations between successive interspike intervals (ISIs). Thereafter, models are being examined which show subthreshold resonances (so-called resonator models) and their effects on the spectral information filtering characteristics are being investigated. Finally, the spectral information filtering properties of stochastic linearnonlinear cascade neuron models are being researched by employing different static nonlinearities (SNLs). The trade-off between frequency-dependent signal transmission and the total amount of transmitted information will be demonstrated in all models and constitutes a direct consequence of the nonlinear formulation of the models.

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